Lemon genoa home care. Types of lemons: what are, how to determine, the best varieties. How to organize lighting

Have you already grown indoor lemon and decided to replenish your collection? Or are you just planning to acquire a similar exotic? Let's take a look at which varieties of lemons are most suitable for growing in apartments.

Lemon tree about 1.5–2 m high with a small rounded crown up to 1 m. Old branches have gray-green bark with small thorns. Leaves are glossy smooth, dark, up to 16 cm in length. They can be oval, rounded or elongated.

It blooms and bears fruit all year round, one of the most unpretentious varieties to care for. Even western and northwest windows are suitable for such a room lemon. It produces 20 to 40 tasty fruits per year (many argue that they are even tastier than usual) weighing 120–150 g. Sometimes there are specimens up to 500 g. The peel can be eaten together with the pulp, usually 5–10 seeds, occasionally 20. Often found fruits without seeds. This lemon variety begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years of age.

It is relatively resistant to dry air, but reacts very well to crown spraying. The ideal humidity for him is 60–80%. In the house, it is usually grown near the eastern windows, although it can tolerate partial shade. Burns are possible on the south window.

Meyer

Widespread for outdoor cultivation, where it is often grafted. In the apartment it is grown on its own roots. The height of the tree is from 1 to 1.5 m. The crown is well leafy and easy to form. There are few thorns. The leaves are glossy, dense and dark, serrated.

Refers to remontant and early ripening varieties, bears fruit abundantly, sometimes up to 4 times a year. Fruits are not very sour, up to 150 g. Buds appear only on young shoots released in the current year. It blooms earlier than other species, most often already in March or April. The flowers are small (3-4 cm), but very fragrant. They can be located singly or in inflorescences of 2-6 pcs. Ripening lasts 8–9 months, the fruits are removed slightly unripe.

These homemade lemons need to be carefully cared for: in winter they must be kept indoors where the temperature is no more than 12 ° C, otherwise the fruit may not set. They need regular watering and spraying of the crown. It is better to grow such a lemon near the east or west windows: the abundance of light will make the tree grow quickly, but will slow down the setting of flowers. Blackout is also harmful - they can start from it. Protect from drafts. Meyer can be grown both from a cuttings and.

Chinese

In fact, this is the second name: this variety was brought from Beijing (for which it received the name "Chinese") by the researcher Franz Meyer (in whose honor the variety received the first name).

Anniversary

A hybrid bred in Uzbekistan, the "ancestors" of which were such lemon varieties as Tashkent and Novogruzinsky lemon. One of the most undemanding varieties to care for. Lemon Jubilee usually grows up to 1.5 m. It is a large-fruited variety (fruits up to 600 g). The skin is thick. This homemade lemon attracts many with abundant flowering, during which the tree is almost entirely covered with white flowers with a slightly purple tint (also a "hereditary" feature of the variety from Tashkent). Usually they are collected in inflorescences of 14-16 pcs.

Like the variety bred in Tashkent, it begins to bear fruit for 3-4 years. It adapts quickly and easily tolerates room conditions: even in dry air and with low watering, fruits are set. True, it is difficult to get from this variety of indoor lemons: branches with buds are formed from almost every bud and leaf sinus.

Genoa

One of the rare species. Trees about a meter with a dense crown. There are almost no thorns. These lemons are distinguished by their particularly tasty fruits with tender pulp. Their peel is edible, without bitterness.

Rather dense films inside are characteristic. Weight reaches an average of 110 g. The lemon grown from the cuttings begins to bloom in the 4th year. One of the important conditions for care is an abundance of light, without which the tree does not develop well. With good home care, it gives a huge harvest: in the first years of fruiting, it bears up to 50 fruits, and from an adult tree they can be harvested in about 120-180 a year.

Lisbon

Tall trees with large, dense and wide leaves. There are many thorns. The fruit is very tasty, seedless, with a thin edible skin, weighing 120–150 g. Very hardy variety. It develops well at almost any room temperature, it is resistant to heat and cold, as well as drought. Lighting loves bright, but diffused - direct rays of the sun should not fall. As a rule, it begins to bear fruit as early as 2-3 years. From this lemon tree, you can harvest up to 60 pieces per season.

Maikop

The best varieties have been used for breeding this lemon. The result is an extremely productive crop: mature trees produce 100-300 fruits per year, and sometimes up to 700 are removed from old lemon trees of this variety! The fruits weigh about 140–160 g.

Trees rarely grow taller than 2 meters. They are hardy and unpretentious, home conditions are well suited for them. There are two subspecies. The first type is formed almost without stamping. The crown is dense, branched, with many branches without thorns, which are located horizontally or hang down slightly. Leaves with a waxy coating, dark. Small flowers are collected in inflorescences of 3-5 pcs. It normally tolerates wintering in houses and ordinary indoor conditions.

The second variety is distinguished by strong, semi-vertical branches directed upwards. The crown is symmetrical. This type easily adapts to home conditions, but prefers wintering in a cool room.

Buddha's hand

If you wanted to know which lemon is the most original, then this is without a doubt the Hand of Buddha. Such indoor lemon is usually obtained for its decorative qualities. Most of all attention is attracted by its fruits: long, up to 40 cm, in the form of a bunch of bananas or a hand (for which the variety got its name). They consist mainly of a thick peel up to 5 cm, the pulp is very little, it is not juicy, has a bitter or very sour taste and is unsuitable for human consumption, however, the zest is sometimes used for baking.

The leaves are oval and rather large. Home care requires plenty of light and warmth. Begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year. The fruits have a light violet scent. Sometimes this tree is used in perfumery.

Ponderosa

A hybrid that comes naturally from crossing between species such as citrons and lemons (according to some versions, like the New Zealand variety). It has similarities with the Kiev large-fruited. It normally tolerates heat and drought, but before starting such a plant, you need to carefully read the care rules: the plant is sensitive to soil, reacts poorly to its excessive acidity, needs it. These lemon trees love diffused glare.

The trunk is up to 1.8 m. This lemon is characterized by strong branches, a spreading and wide crown, tough and dense leaves. Flowers resemble jasmine - large, like the Kiev lemon, white-cream. Peak flowering in spring, from March to May. Just like the Kiev large-fruited lemon, it bears very large fruits - on average 300-500 g, but there are often cases when they reach 1 kg.

The peel is rough, rather thick. The pulp is juicy, pleasant to the taste, almost without the characteristic smack of citric acid. There are many seeds. Fruiting begins in the 2nd year.

Volcano

Dwarf tree up to 1.2 m. Fruits are miniature (up to 4 cm), tasty, with gentle sourness. You can decorate your home with these lemon trees, since they bloom all year round, and you can often see flowers and ripe fruits on the branches.

When watering, very soft settled water is important.

Lunario

One of the most successful varieties for an apartment. A tree of 1–1.5 m blooms almost continuously, and ripe fruits ripen on it at any time of the year. Flowers are single or in small clusters. The first flowers on these lemons can be found 2-3 years old. There are many thorns.

Fruits with a thin, smooth skin. The pulp is fragrant, not very juicy, slightly acidic. There are almost no seeds.

Novogruzinsky

Novogruzinsky is a vigorous variety, the height can reach 2–3 m. The crown is regular, dense and spreading. Bears fruit 2-3 times a year, starting from the 4th (sometimes 5th) year of life.

If the Novogruzinsky lemon is well cared for, it can produce up to 200 fruits per year. Their average weight is 130 g. Fragrant, juicy, sour. Large flowers have a light purple tint, single or in clusters.

Lemon Care Video

In this video, you will hear helpful tips for lemon care.

Lemon is one of the most common citrus fruits. It can be found more often than others in the houses and apartments of both experienced gardeners and ordinary citizens who were attracted by this fruit with its exotic appearance and unpretentious care. In addition, many are attracted beneficial features fruit of lemon trees and the desire for an inexhaustible source of vitamins prevails. Among the most popular are Novogruzinsky lemon, as well as the Lisbon and Genoa varieties. Let's consider them in more detail.

This variety is relatively young, bred in the middle of the last century at the Sukhum experimental station. In Abkhazia and Georgia, the Novogruzinsky lemon was one of the best breeding species in terms of yield and taste characteristics of fruits.

Description

Lemon Novogruzinsky is considered a giant among its "brothers", because the height of a tree can be up to 2 meters (and often even higher). In nature, it grows to a height of 5 meters.

At home, the tree has a beautiful spreading crown with many thorns on the trunk and branches (see the photo for an example of a young plant). In this regard, in youth, it is desirable to carry out the formation of the crown. The leaves are light green in color, smooth and elongated (length, on average, 12 cm, and width - up to 5 cm), have a pleasant delicate aroma.

Novogruzinsky loves sunlight, so it can be placed on the southern windows, slightly shading, protecting the plant from direct sunlight.

It blooms with large white flowers with a slight purple tint. It is worth noting that flowering begins later than other species by 1-2 years. Fruits can be either round or elongated oval in shape, weighing up to 150 g, with a thin glossy peel (up to 5 mm) of a light yellow hue and pulp with a pleasant taste.

Advantages of the variety

Novogruzinsky can bloom and bear fruit 2-3 times a year (remontant variety). If the tree is well monitored, agricultural technology is carried out on time and correctly, then 100-200 lemons can be harvested from one lemon tree per year. Moreover, they are practically seedless.

The variety was bred for the southern regions, but perfectly adapts to the more severe conditions of mid-latitudes and does not feel any discomfort, settling in any Moscow apartment.

Due to its natural beauty, relatively tall trees of this species are often used in the interior of offices, rest homes or sanatoriums: after all, a sprawling tall plant with many bright fruits can always advantageously decorate any room.

Novogruzinsky is considered one of the most undemanding to growing conditions, so it is very popular among fans of exotic plants.

Lisbon

The homeland of the Lisbon lemon (and in North Africa it is also called "Portugal") is Portugal, from which it came to Australia in 1824, where it received further development and fame. But the first description was made in Massachusetts in 1843. In professional circles, the ancestor of this hybrid is considered to be the species "Gallego".

Description

Lemon Lisbon is a fast-growing, rather tall tree, growing on average up to 1.6 m, and some specimens even up to 2 m.

It has a dense crown with strong, strong branches with many thorns. The leaf is wide, elongated, with a characteristic pointed end. The trees have a pleasant strong "lemon" scent.

For stable growth and development, it requires constant bright light, so the tree should be placed near the southern windows, however, the plant must be protected from direct sunlight, avoiding burns to the foliage.

Lisbon blooms early - flowers appear as early as 3 years of growth. Already for 5 years, you can harvest up to 60 specimens per year, while they are quite heavy - 150 g each, and some can weigh up to 500 g. Fruits are yellow shades, have a classic oval shape with a slightly beveled top and a small depression (in the photo ).

The peel is thick, up to 7 mm, with a smooth, slightly ribbed surface. The pulp has a pleasant sour taste.

Advantages of the variety

Like Novogruzinsky, Lisbon is a remontant variety and bears fruit several times a year, which greatly pleases the owners of this tree. Moreover, fruits are considered one of the leaders in terms of quality and taste characteristics of fruits.

With proper care and the right place for the growth of the tree, Lisbon will thank you with regular fruiting.

Genoa

Originally from Genoa, Italy, it emigrated to California in 1875 and Florida (USA) in 1881, where it became very popular. From the USA this hybrid got to South America and further to India. Breeders believe that this is a late hybrid of the Eureka variety.

Description

Genoa is a dwarf tree that grows to a maximum of 1.3 m. A distinctive feature of this species is that there are no thorns or there are very few of them. (you can clearly see this in the photo). The deciduous cover is dense, with large green ovoid leaves of a wide elongated shape, up to 12 cm long and up to 7 cm wide.

Genoa is a sun-loving lemon and should be placed on the south or southeast windows, but shaded from direct sunlight.

It begins to bloom at 2-3 years of age, and bear fruit at 4-5 years. It is worth noting that the fruits are medium-sized - their weight does not exceed an average of 100-120 g. The shape is traditional for lemons, slightly elongated with a smooth, rough greenish-yellow peel and aromatic, sour, but tasty pulp. For 4 years, an average of 50 fruits grow on the tree.

Advantages of the variety

Like all of the varieties above, Genoa is a lemon that blooms and bears fruit several times a year. A distinctive feature is its resistance to adverse conditions, as well as increased productivity. With proper care, up to 180 fruits can be harvested from one tree per year. At the same time, the fruits are highly valued due to their taste characteristics. Including the peel - it is edible in Genoa and does not taste bitter, like in most other species.

A great variety of lemon hybrids have been bred by breeders, but for the most part they require the same care with minor variations. The main requirement of this type of plant is abundant sunlight, therefore, the plant pots should be placed on the south side of the house or apartment. However, most lemon varieties cannot tolerate direct sunlight, so plants need to be shaded.

When planning to get a lemon tree, study the description of the species and hybrids, see information on how to care for the plant throughout the year, including:

• timing and number of waterings;
• when and how to trim;
• feeding and fertilizing;
• causes of possible diseases and methods of their treatment;
• breeding methods.

And only after studying all the subtleties and nuances, choose a hybrid that optimally suits the conditions in your apartment or house. The right choice depends on how the tree will develop and its yield is the main goal of any gardener.

Consider a range of lemon varietiesgrown in room conditions... Choose the variety that is optimal for yourself according to the conditions of keeping and description of the fruits.

Lemon belongs to the Rutaceae family, the Aurantioideoe subfamily and the Citrus genus. The botanical name for lemon is citrus limon Burm.

The peculiarities of citrus fruits, including lemons, include their longevity - their average life expectancy is over 100 years.

There are currently about 150 varieties of lemon... Pavlovskiy, Meyer, Novogruzinskiy, Kurskiy, Joyce, Uralskiy room, Maikopskiy, Genoa, Lisbon, Villa-franca, Panderoza, Eureka, Kommune and many others. There are rare and amateur varieties of lemon, descriptions and photos of which are almost impossible to find (Chakvatadze, Urman, Novomoskovsky, Du Tais, Odishi, Refiorente, Carubaro, Procino, Canalikulata di palermo).

Lemon is a plant of a subtropical climate and at an average daily temperature below 10 0 С is in a state of growth dormancy.

Lemons can be grown in a room, in an apartmentgetting a rich harvest. It is only important to properly care for them. The required temperature for wintering lemon is + 15-18 0 С with moderate air humidity. Use settled water for irrigation. Transplant young plants after a year or two, five-year-old and older ones after 3-4 years. For budding, the best temperature is + 14-17 0 C degrees, for the growth and ripening of fruits + 19-25. Mass budding occurs at a temperature of 19-20 ° C, and mass flowering at an average daily air temperature of 16-22 ° C. It is necessary to feed lemons from April to August once every two weeks, and in winter once a month with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Breeding lemons

Most the best way breeding lemons - sowing seeds. Unlike many fruit crops, lemon seed propagation gives seedlings of culture typewith good fruit quality. The seeds grow healthy, resistant trees adapted to local conditions. But the fruiting period for a lemon grown from a seed occurs only in the 10-15th year and even later.

The most common methods of grafting citrus fruits are copulation (grafting with a cuttings) and budding (grafting with a kidney, i.e. with an eye).

Cutting is an easy and affordable way to propagate a lemon. Lemons grown from cuttings begin to bear fruit as early as the third year.

Potted Lemon Pots

Young plants are usually grown in clay pots. Large ones are grown in large pots or wooden tubs. When planting and transplanting plants, take the following pot size: up to two years - 1 liter; from two to four years - 3 liters; from four to six years - 5 liters; from six to eight years - 8 liters; from eight years and older - 12 liters or more.

Best Citrus Soil: 2 parts leaf (or pine bark), 1 part black soil, 1 part humus, 1 part sand.

Can bear fruit on branches of any order.

It's okay if they lose their leaves in winter, some will fall heavily in winter (Buddha's Hand).

From seeds you are tortured to wait until they bear fruit, lemons - for 15-18 years.

The most hardy is the Panderosa lemon.

If you look closely, the upper part of the leaves is directed in one direction, towards the light, and if the lemon is turned the other side to the light, in summer it is not scary, there is enough light, but in winter they can throw off the leaves from this. After transplanting or moving along the windowsill, be sure to return the plant same side to the light.

In winter, if possible, it is better to keep the plants cooler so that the air from the battery does not go directly to the pots. Or illuminate: under the lamps they grow and bloom all year round.

Lisbon

Lisbon is a lemon of American origin and is considered one of the most heat- and drought-tolerant, while it is also resistant to low temperatures. Blooms in the third year. A remontant variety (blooms and bears fruit all year round), tolerates high temperatures well. One of the best varieties cultivated outdoors (in warm climates), as well as in lemonades.

Vigorous tree with strong branches, well leafy, with numerous thorns... It bears fruit early and bears fruit abundantly, up to 60 fruits annually. In the fourth or fifth year of life, it gives about 35 fruits, and 100 - 150 fruits can be removed from an adult tree. You need a well-lit place.

Fruits are elongated or oval. The top of the fruit is slightly sloping, with a nipple and a characteristic depression on one side of the nipple. Fruit weight 120-150 g, can reach 500 g. The pulp is fragrant, juicy, pleasant sour taste with bitterness. Fruits of this variety are considered one of the best quality lemon fruits... There are few or no seeds. The peel is thin.

The fruit of this lemon tree is one of the most famous of all citrus fruits because it is easy to grow, delicious, and widely used in foods and beverages. Flowers and ripe fruits are on the tree at the same time. When ripe, these beautifully fragrant fruits have a bright yellow skin.

Indoors usually grows up to a meter.

Sanguineum variegata

C. limon "Foliis variegatis Sanguineum".

Probably obtained from Oscar Tintori's kennel.

A rare variegated lemon with orange-red flesh. The buds and new growth are purple, blooming several times a year. Fruits at the beginning of ripening have a striped color, by the end of ripening they acquire a yellowish color.

Tashkent

The Tashkent variety was bred by Fakhrutdinov from Tashkent.

Medium-sized lemon tree with small dark green leaves and small white flowers. It blooms 2 times a year, in spring and autumn. Flowers are single or collected in small clusters of 5-6 buds. Bears fruit in the 2-3rd year. The fruits are small (80-90 g), have a very thin orange peel and juicy orange pulp. There are many fruits on a tree.

Photo-loving and picky about air humidity. It almost does not need crown formation.

Tashkent lemons have a relatively high pulp content.

The height of trees of this variety ranges from 1.8 to 2.5 m and averages 2.2 m.

"Jubilee" and "Tashkent" varieties of lemons are own-rooted plants. They come into fruiting 3-4 years after the rooting of slightly lignified green cuttings. Fruits finish growing 5-6 months after flowering, -the ripening phase lasts 30-35 days.

The fruits are ovoid. The rounded base of the fruit gradually turns into a short neck. The nipple is wide, short, obtuse, surrounded by a semicircular groove. The skin is lemon yellow, smooth, shiny. The pulp is very juicy, consists of an average of 10 slices.

Oval di Sorento

Ovale Di Sorrento.

A variety from Italy. The tree is tall, strong, densely leafy, the foliage grows more upward, there are few thorns, the young shoots are greenish, the flowers are snow-white. Fruits are ovoid, large (130-160 g), lemon-yellow peel, lumpy, of medium thickness.

Nine Pounder

Nine Pounder Lemon (Nine Pound).

The tree is compact. The leaf blade is larger than that of ordinary lemons, the top is slightly rounded (like that of Panderosa), but smaller in size. The fruit is yellow, round, slightly flattened. The taste is pleasant. The peel can be up to 2 centimeters thick.

As the name suggests, it is one of the largest-fruited lemon varieties! There is information on the Internet about fruits weighing about 7 kg.

Meyer

Refers to hybrid forms of citrus fruits. According to some reports, it is a natural hybrid between orange and lemon. The variety was brought by the American botanist Meyer from China to the United States and was named after him there. Another name is Chinese dwarf, or Chinese lemon.

Not found anywhere in the wild.

It is a small tree or bush up to 2.5 m in height. Shoots are spiny, often there are no thorns. Good leafy crown. Leaves are relatively small to medium in size, dark green. Buds and flowers are usually collected in clusters, sometimes singular, smaller than other lemons, white or with a bluish tinge.

The fruits are round, almost without the usual nipple, medium size (100 g), very juicy (up to 50% juice), not too sour and with a peculiar taste. The rind is bright yellow, sometimes almost orange, thin, with a smooth shiny surface. The yield is high. Remontant variety: blooms 4 times a year, at short intervals.

Meyer's lemon stands out from other lemon varieties abundant fruiting... Begins to bear fruit early. It begins bearing fruit for 2-3 years. it the most "not sour" of all varieties of lemon, its fruits are often eaten unripe.

New Year

The variety, according to some sources, was obtained in Irkutsk by A.V. Shcherbakov. Perhaps the name New Year's is associated with the ripening of the fruits of spring flowering in late December - early January.

The crown is well leafed, compact, does not require formation. Well suited for indoor use. Thin spines of medium length. High decorativeness.

Fruits are small, rounded, tapering towards the top. At the top of the pistil, a long "proboscis" nipple is formed. The pulp of the fruit is juicy, tender, fine-grained, yellow-green in color, with a noticeable acidity and a pleasant aroma.

Good cuttings. The remontability is well expressed. The main flowering wave occurs in March-April. Fruiting of a seedling occurs in the second or third year.

Eureka

A fast-growing tree with thorns, dense foliage and many fruits. The fruit is medium in size, very sour, juicy, has few seeds and a thick skin.

Has a lot of almost indistinguishable clones with the following names: Allen, Cook, Cascade, Meek, Ross, Wheatley / Thornton.

Fruits are small to medium-sized, oblong, sometimes pear-shaped. There are few seeds, sometimes not at all. The color is yellow when ripe. Medium-thick tight-fitting rind. The pulp is greenish yellow; fine-grained, tender, juicy; very sour. Yields throughout the year.

The tree is medium in size, spreading, practically without thorns; less leafy than Lisbon; mostly fruits are found at the ends of long branches. Eureka is more sensitive to cold than other lemons and the tree has a shorter lifespan.

Due to its almost year-round fruiting, rapid development, and also due to the practical absence of thorns, this variety quickly became the main competitor for lemons of the Lisbon variety. Both varieties remain mainstream throughout the world.

Eureka is considered the main export lemon in many countries, with the exception of Italy, Spain and a few other Mediterranean countries.

Lemon Eureka is incompatible with rootstocks such as Poncirus tripoliata, citrumelo and citrange (Troyer, Carrizo).

Eureka variegata

Variegated Eureka lemon.

Citrus × limon L. Burm.f.

This mutation was selected by A.D. Shamel in 1911. It differs from Eureka in greater leafiness and variegation, strong growth and somewhat smaller fruits, about 90 g.

The foliage and young fruits are attractively variegated, but the variegation of the fruit fades with maturity, and the ripe fruit can easily disguise itself as a common Eureka.

Bred in the USA. The crown is medium-leafy, there are few or no spines. Leaves petiole with slight winging. The flowers are large. Fruits are oblong, oblong-oval. The peel is thin (0.2-0.5 cm), lemon yellow. The pulp is tender, light yellowish. The taste is very sour. The crop is well distributed throughout the year, but mainly in late winter, spring and early summer.

The tree is of medium strength and size, with almost no thorns; bears fruit at the ends of long branches, early maturing and productive variety. More sensitive to cold, pests and neglect in general, requires more careful care.

Pink Fleshd Eureka

Variegated Pink Fleshed Eureka lemon

Citrus × limon L. Burm.f.

It originated in the home garden as a sport of ordinary Eureka. Selected by A.D. Shamel (Shamel No. 11005). It is a variegated Eureka sport with pink flesh and pink juice. Interesting peel ornament. The pattern disappears when the fruit ripens, but then it is again present on ripe fruits. The harvest is well distributed throughout the year.

Variegated lemon (pink flesh), sometimes sold as Pink Lemonade... The leaves are variegated, green-white, which makes the tree very decorative, growing slightly less vigorously than the typical Eureka lemon. The peel is striped, creamy green, sometimes tougher than that of ordinary Eureka lemons. When the fruits are fully ripe, the stripes disappear and the rind turns yellow. The pulp is light pink at full maturity, very sour.

Siracusano

Femminello Siracusano.

Comes from Italy (Syracuse). The tree is low and medium-sized with a dense crown growing mainly upward, without thorns, young shoots are green with a violet tinge, flowers are white with a violet color. A very productive variety. The fruits are elliptical, large (130-160 g), the base is rounded, the tip is slightly protruding and rounded, the peel is yellow, slightly bumpy, of medium thickness. The pulp is lemon yellow, very juicy and strongly sour, usually 10 segments, many seeds.

Santa teresa

Femminello Santa Teresa lemon. Breeding Femminello Ovale. Market type lemon.

A variety of Italian selection. Plants are medium-sized, up to 3.5 m high. Fruits are of high quality, lie well, fruit weight up to 90 g. Peel is slightly rough, fragrant, greenish-yellow, 4-5 mm thick, dense.

This relatively new Italian Femminello look is considered very promising due to its greater resistance to Malsecco disease* than any other lemon. This lemon tree can grow without recurrence in gardens that have been nearly destroyed by disease (Rousseau, 1955). Currently, this variety is planted as a replacement in areas of Italy where the disease is severe.

*Malsecco(Mal secco) -a dangerous and widespread citrus disease caused by the fungus Phoma tracheiphila (Deuterophoma tracheiphila). "Malsecco" comes from the words "dry" and "disease" ( ital.), means "disease of desiccation". Malsecco's disease is widespread in the countries of the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, due to the climatic conditions of these areas, contributing to the development of the fungus. All citrus fruits are susceptible to the fungus Phoma tracheiphila to varying degrees. In addition, plants of the genus Fortunella and (according to some information) Severinia are affected.

The disease begins with chlorosis, which appears on the young leaves of individual branches. Yellow veins are clearly visible on green leaves. Then the wilting of non-lignified shoots begins, the leaves fall off and the branches dry out. Dried branches are usually gray in color and appear on them black manifestations of the fungus, which are difficult to see (they are small and embedded in the plant tissue). Leaves may fall green, acquire a brown color, spreading from the petiole and central vein.

There is no way to kill the fungus that has invaded the plant.

Monacello

Monachello (Moscatello).

Fruits are small to medium-sized, elliptical, tapering at both ends, with few or no seeds. Looks like a lemon / citron hybrid. The color is yellow when ripe. The crust is thin. The pulp is tender, not juicy enough, with less acid than other lemon varieties. The main harvest time is in winter and spring.

The tree is short, slowly growing, with a rounded crown and spreading branches with dense foliage, almost without thorns. The leaves are large, thick, with wavy edges, brighter green than most other lemons. Moderately productive compared to Femminello.

The outstanding merit of this Italian variety is its malsecco resistance (see the description of the disease above, in the description of the Santa Teresa variety). Therefore, until recently, he had the second distribution after Femminello in Italy. But otherwise it is inferior to Femileno, and at present Monacello is distributed only in those areas where the threat of the spread of Malsecco's disease is high.

Novogruzinsky

Vigorous growth tree, good leafy crown. A distinctive feature of flowers is the large size and lilac shade of the petals on the outside.

Fruits are larger than medium in size, elongated-oval and oblong-ovoid. The skin is medium thick, firm. The aroma is strong. The pulp of the fruit is fine-grained, tender. The taste is delicate, with pleasant acidity and aroma. There are few seeds, they are often absent.

Brazilian

C. limon "dolce del brasile".

Sweet fruits, they can be safely eaten in slices, like an orange or tangerine. You can make delicious fresh juice from it.

This lemon is native to Brazil, as its name suggests, tastes pleasantly sweet. The fruits are round and juicy, without seeds. The plant loves the sun, partial shade is possible.

Genoa

Citrus × limon L. Burm.f.

The tree is slightly growing, without thorns, with a well-leafy beautiful crown. Very productive, blooms and bears fruit throughout the year. The flowers are small. Fruits are large, 100-110 g, oblong, elongated-oval. The quality of the fruit is very high. The rind is thick and sweet without bitterness, light yellow. The pulp is tender, juicy, aromatic, grayish-yellowish or greenish-yellowish.

Genoa is a California variety that Webber (1943) refers to as difficult to distinguish from the Eureka type. Delivered from California to Chile, this variety turned out to be more energetic, densely leafy, cold-resistant there. It was introduced to California around 1875 from Genoa, Italy. Commercial value only in Argentina and Chile.

Salicifolia

Salicifolia lemon (C. limon salicifolia), willow.

A very prolific variety, undersized with partially drooping branches. With typical narrow and long green leaves similar to willow leaves, which is where the name comes from ( willow). Has a low growth rate, shoots tend to grow downward ("weeping crown shape", like a willow).

Medium to small juicy fruits, reminiscent of Lunario. The yellow rind is rather thick.

It is a high-yielding variety, rather shade-tolerant.

Fino

Citrus limon Burm. f. cv. Fino.

Fino lemon is a Spanish cultivar that is grown industrially. It is characterized by high yield, juicy and sour fruit pulp.

Frutto piccollo

Limone frutto piccolo.

High-yielding variety, medium-sized fruits. The taste is sour, pleasant, aromatic.

Pavlovsky

This lemon has been cultivated for a long time by the inhabitants of Pavlov, Gorky Region, variety folk selection.The most popular lemon variety among the inhabitants of the middle lane. This lemon is distinguished by high gustatory values, delicate aroma, pleasant, refreshing taste.

This small remontant (constantly flowering) plant, well adapted to indoor conditions, easily tolerates a lack of light. The fruits are rather large, oval, usually without seeds, with a thin fragrant rind. Pavlovsk lemons are large-fruited, reaching 300 - 500 g, but generally their weight is 120-150 g. Oval, round and oblong fruits are found in shape. Productivity is 20-30 fruits per tree, with good care up to hundreds of fruits. Propagated mainly by cuttings and partially by layering.

The limonarium, where the tub culture of Pavlovsk lemon is grown, reproduced and subsequently sold, is located in the Bogorodsky fruit-growing state farm in the city of Bogorodsk, Nizhny Novgorod region.

The average thickness of the peel is 4-5 mm, but they are also found with a very thin peel, 2-3 mm.

The leaves of this variety are relatively large.

It grows in the form of a small bush or tree, reaching a height of 1-1.5 m, rarely 2 m, the crown is usually round, up to a meter in diameter. The branches sometimes have short thorns.

Of all the known lemons Pavlovsky is most adapted to room conditions... Trees of this variety easily tolerate dry air and insufficient illumination in living quarters, and even better grow in a slight darkening, and they do not tolerate bright sunlight.

The crown is formed by shortening the long branches. This variety is picky about soil fertility. Propagates well by cuttings.

Dorshapo

Sweet lemon Dorshapo. Sweet Lemon.

The name is derived from the names of the botanists Dorsetta, Shamela and Popenoa, who brought this plant in 1914 from Brazil. The fruits are slightly ribbed, the flesh is golden yellow, sweet.

Lemon variety with zero acidity... Fruits are pale yellow in color with a small number of almost spherical seeds. Fruit to taste unusually sweet, have nothing to do with lemon flavor.

Dorshapo generally resembles the Eureka variety, except that it is completely acid-free. According to some authors, this variety can be attributed to sweet limes.

Tan Bianca

Lemon Zagara Bianca (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.). (Orange Blossom or Fior di arancio). Synonyms: Femminello a zagara bianca, Femminello fior d "arancio, Femminello fior d" arancio m 79, Femminello Zagara Bianca, Fior d "arancio, Fiori d" arancio, Zagara Bianco.

Femminello is a group of varieties of Italian origin. They differ mainly in terms of ripening.

Belongs to the group of varieties Femminello (Femminello).

Fast-growing (quickly reaches great height), strongly branched tree, tall, without thorns. Leaves are elliptical, slightly rounded at the end. Young shoots and leaves are light green. The buds and flowers are white. The fruit is medium in size (130-160 g), has a typical lemon shape, with a yellow skin of medium thickness. Excellent quality fruits, very juicy and quite sour.

A characteristic feature of the Femminello group is the almost continuous year-round flowering and fruiting. A distinctive feature of this particular variety is its absolutely white flowersas the names: Zagara Bianca - white flower, Orange Blossom and Fior di arancio - orange flower (like an orange). Young shoots are light green, which is rare in lemons and more typical for oranges.

The variety is very productive. This is a real commercial Italian lemon variety. The fruits ripen from October to December, they can withstand transportation well. May shed the leaves if winter temperatures are too low.

New Zealand

The origin of this lemon is unknown. Has a similarity to citron. The scent of the leaves is similar to both citron and lemon. In shape, the fruits resemble eggs, in rare cases, the shape is cylindrical. The fruits are large, the weight can reach 600-800 g (length up to 20 cm!), The skin is quite thick, about 0.8 cm. The fruits are very juicy and sour.

Under natural conditions, this tree is up to 4 m high, shoots are rounded and ribbed, with a large number of spines 1-5 cm long.

Leaves 7-13 cm, large. The flowers are large, 4-6 cm in diameter, single and in small inflorescences (2-3 flowers each).

These plants can withstand temperatures down to -5 0 С without damage.

New Zealand lemon is highly decorative and can be widely used for landscaping interiors.

Chypre (Cyprus)

Lemon variety, characterized by a pyramidal form of growth, compact, densely leafy. Very beautiful foliage. Does not take up much space on the windowsill, although it can grow quite high.

Chypre has pear-shaped fruits, no sharp nose.

Interdonato

C. limon Interdonato.

The earliest of the Italian varieties, presumably a hybrid of lemon and citron, the fruit has good flavor characteristics. The plant grows quickly, without thorns, has a high yield, is resistant to malsecco damage ( disease description see above). The fruits are large, with a rough skin, weighing 120 grams, juicy pulp, ripen from September to October.

Lemon Interdonato has a yellow oblong fruit with a pronounced sour taste, which gives off bitterness. The main feature of this variety is early maturation.

Moderately productive, grown primarily for early maturity. According to Burke (1962), it occupies the middle link between the varieties Femminello and Monachello in terms of malsecco resistance.

Lunario

Lunario Citrus limon (L.) Burm.). Four-season.

Synonyms: (L.) Amalfi, Cuatro Estaciones, de Palerme, de Sicile, des quatre saisons, Four Seasons, Lunari, Lunario Ambrojo, Palerme, Palmarito, Parmelitano, Quatre Saisons, Shahri, Siciliano, Todo del aco, Touil.

Sicilian variety known since the 19th century. The variety is called so because it blooms every new moon (lunario - monthly). High fertility and continuous flowering throughout the year. Among European citrus lovers, it is known as the Four-season lemon, a four-season lemon, because in each season you can find ripe fruits on the plant. Saplings bloom for 2-3 years.

Withstands drought well, medium-sized tree, thorny, wide oval, dark green leaves, purple-colored buds and grow singly or in clusters. The fruit is medium in size, the skin is smooth and thin, rich yellow when fully ripe. The pulp is greenish-yellow, not very juicy, slightly acidic, aromatic, very few (or not at all) seeds. Unlike other Italian varieties, it achieves maximum performance at maturity.

Great for growing in apartments... Most unpretentious medium-sized lemon. There is an opinion that this is a hybrid of lemon with papeda, according to other sources - a hybrid of lemon with citron.

Melarosa

Do not confuse bergamot melarosa and lemon melarosa (CITRUS BERGAMIA MELLAROSA and CITRUS LIMONUM MELLAROSA)... Mellarosa lemon (C. limon mellarosa) is often called bergamot. This is likely due to the scent of the leaves, reminiscent of the scent of bergamot leaves.

It differs from bergamot in larger, elongated-oval or obovate, similar to a large lemon, fruits with an average weight of about 190 g. Used as bergamot, not found in the wild.

The plant is small, compact and high-yielding. The flowers are medium in size, fragrant, white or slightly purple in color, growing mainly in clusters. The fruits are spherical and flattened at the ends, with grooves along the fruit that give them a characteristic appearance. The peel is thin, lemon-yellow in color, turns orange when ripe. The pulp is juicy, sour, the taste is pleasant, the seeds are absent.

Antico di rosso

Lemon Antico Di Rocca.

A very popular and still rare lemon variety. Rosso Lemon (Limonymedica Pigmentata) is a hybrid of lemon and citron.

Antico Di Rocca Imperiale belongs to the Femminello group.

The fruit is elongated, medium in size and weighing more than 100 grams; the juice content is very high, seeds are usually absent, the aroma of the peel is very intense and pleasant.

Bizzaro

C. limon Bizzarro.

High-yielding variety. Fruits with pronounced tuberous grooves. The pulp is sour, juicy, aromatic. There are no seeds.

Bizzaro is a variety that stands out not only for its high yield, but also for the very unusual teardrop shape of bright yellow fruits with pronounced longitudinal outgrowths on a thick skin.

The juicy pulp has a wonderful aroma and a refreshingly sour pleasant lemon flavor.

Panderoza

Panderoza (Canadian Lemon).

A hybrid of lemon with pompelmus. A dwarf variety, has short, thick branches with tough, dark green rounded leaves, it blooms profusely. Sometimes it begins to bloom already at the stage of a rooted cutting, which interferes with growth. Large white flowers with a cream shade are often collected in a cluster. It usually enters the fruiting stage in the 2nd year.

The fruits are tied round or pear-shaped with a thick bumpy skin (up to 1 cm). Fruits, as a rule, are few. But the size of the fruit is larger than that of other varieties. Average fruit weight 500-700 g, up to a kilogram.

Waniglia

vaniglia rotondo

In the Tintori nursery it goes under the variety Dolce del Brasile (Limone dolce del brasile).

C. limon Vaniglia.

Vanilla lemon.

Citrus limon Vainiglia is one of sweet lemonswhich is also called vanilla lemon. The fruits are round in shape, the flesh is sweet with a vanilla aroma.

The variety requires well-drained, sandy soils rich in minerals, does not like waterlogging of the soil in winter.

Of all citrus fruits, this variety is one of the most suitable for growing in apartments with central heating.

Peretta

Lemon Peretta (Citrus limon Peretta), which means "Pear" lemon. The fruits are pear-shaped. Synonyms: Citrus Peretta Risso, Pera, Peretta of France, Peretto de Firenze. Dr. W. T. Swingle and Tintori have classified this cultivar as Citrus limon (L).

A very old variety that has been cultivated in the Medici collection since the 17th century.

The tree is powerful (from one and a half to 2 m), grows upward. The crown is dense, branches with short internodes and small thorns. Medium-sized fruits. When fully ripe, the fruit is light yellow and has a thick citron-like skin. Pulp sweetishwith a weak aroma.

This variety is suitable stock for tangerines.

The fruits ripen all year round.

Canaliculata di palermo

Citrus x aurantium L. subf. canaliculata.

C. limon "Canaliculata di Palermo".

Volcamerian

C. volkameriana. Citrus volkameriana V. Ten. & Pasq. Citrus limonia Osbeck "Volkameriana". Citrus x limonia. Citrus × limon "Volkamer".

Possibly a hybrid of a lemon and a Seville orange. An ancient species that was described by Ferrari in his 1646 treatise on citrus plants. Hardy, more agricultural than lemon, with erect branches and rather small, dark green elliptical leaves. The new shoots and flowers are purple, and the medium-sized fruit is round and bright, orange when ripe, with a sour juice like lemon. The taste is sour with a slight bitterness, the aroma is pleasant and fresh. It can be used in cooking instead of lemon.

Slightly smaller than lemon trees, it blooms and bears fruit abundantly. Beautiful dense foliage.

It is used as a rootstock for other citrus fruits due to its high resistance to many diseases.

Oval de Sorrento

Ovale Di Sorrento.

A variety from Italy. The tree is tall and strong, the bush is dense, growing more upward, there are few thorns, the flowers are snow-white. Fruits are ovoid, large (130-160 g, not less than 85 g), lemon-yellow peel, bumpy, of medium thickness. There are few or no seeds at all. Matures in October, withstands transportation well.

IGP - a special quality mark, Indicazione Geografica Protetta, is awarded to those products that are associated with a specific geographical area.

Sorrento lemon is also called "Sorrento oval" and "Massa lemon", it has special taste characteristics and has an IGP category.

The rind of Sorrento lemons is thick, nostril and incredibly aromatic thanks to the large amount of essential oils.

Show me that person who wouldn't be familiar with lemon? Probably there are none, even kids now know what kind of "sour" it is. Man uses lemon everywhere in his life. Its fruits are consumed fresh, used in cooking, the production of cosmetics, perfumery, canned food, and also lemon is the first medicinal assistant.

What is this healthy culture, lemon?

Lemon belongs to the genus Citrus and has about 150 varieties, here are some of them:

Pavlovskiy, Meyer, Novogruzinskiy, Kurskiy, Joyce, Uralskiy room, Maikopskiy, Genoa, Lisbon, Villa-franca, Panderoza, Eureka, Kommune and many others. There are rare and amateur varieties of lemon, descriptions and photos of which are almost impossible to find: Chakvatadze, Urman, Novomoskovsky, Du Tais, Odishi, Refiorente, Carubaro, Procino, Canalikulata di palermo.

Lemon in nature is a medium-sized, evergreen tree that can live up to 100 years. But for more than a dozen years, lemon has proven itself well in growing at home. Varieties for home growing quite a lot, each variety has its own specific characteristics, according to which citrus lovers determine their choice.

So, in this article I will describe the five most popular varieties of homemade lemons.

The most popular and hardy variety

PANDEROSIS.

The exterior is impressive. First of all, impressive in weight and size. The weight of the Panderosa fruit can reach up to 1 kg! The variety is literally a riot of flowers, turning into a white ball under good conditions, exuding a pleasant citrus aroma. It is valuable that the variety produces two or even three waves of flowering per year. Interesting! Panderoza loves to bloom so much that it even interferes with rooting. The stalk, barely releasing tiny roots, immediately strives to bloom, and even with several flowers! Also, young twigs often bloom to the detriment of the necessary growth. Due to the heavy weight of the fruits, most often even on an adult tree (height more than 1.5 meters) you can see from 4 to 6 fruits. The fruits have a thick, bumpy peel, and the shape slightly resembles either a pear, or an egg turned upside down. The fruit is filled with juice, pleasant to the taste, reminiscent of lemon, but almost devoid of characteristic acid. An important feature is that there are always a lot of seeds inside, sometimes there are several dozen of them!

So from the pros: the variety is unpretentious, weighty.

Of the minuses: polyspermous, thick-bore.

MEYER (Chinese dwarf).

This variety combines small size, easy care and excellent yield. It is for these qualities that he gained his popularity. Meyer's lemon is a small tree that is 1.5 meters high and has a moderate growth rate and early flowering. The already mature Meira lemon can ripen a whole bunch of fruits, and the plant can bear fruit all year round. Flowers on it can form not only on adult shoots, but also on young branches. Meyer's flowers are small, white with a purple base, and have a very pleasant scent. They are collected in small bunch-shaped inflorescences. The first fruiting usually begins at the age of three years. The fruits of the Meyer variety are round and small, their weight ranges from 70 to 150 grams. The zest is dark yellow, with time it turns a little orange. They have a thin and smooth skin. The lemon pulp is dark yellow, tastes sweeter and not as sour as other lemons, a bit like an orange. There are not very many seeds in these lemons, up to 10 per fruit. Their aroma is not purely lemon, but rather something between lemon and orange. But the fruits of the variety do not tolerate transportation well and spoil quickly enough, which is why this variety is not of great commercial interest. ... And accordingly, you cannot buy Meyer's lemon as a fruit in any store. Here is one drawback.

PAVLOVSKY.

Among lovers of indoor citrus trees, Pavlovsky lemon is especially popular. This variety appeared in Russia about 150 years ago. Pavlovsky lemon is a constantly flowering plant, well adapted to indoor conditions, easily tolerates a lack of light. The fruits are rather large, oval, usually without seeds, with a thin fragrant rind. Pavlovsk lemons are large-fruited, reaching 300 - 500 g, but generally their weight is 120-150 g. Oval, round and oblong fruits are found in shape. Productivity is 20-30 fruits per tree, with good care up to hundreds of fruits. Propagated mainly by cuttings and partially by layering. The average thickness of the peel is 4-5 mm, but also with a very thin peel, 2-3 mm. It grows in the form of a small bush or tree, reaching a height of 1-1.5 m, rarely 2 m , the crown is usually round, up to a meter in diameter. The branches sometimes have short thorns. Of all the known lemons, Pavlovsky is the most adapted to indoor conditions. Trees of this variety easily tolerate dry air and insufficient illumination in living quarters, and even grow better in a slight darkening, and they do not tolerate bright sunlight well. The crown is formed by shortening the long branches.

The plant has almost no minuses.

MAYKOPSKY.

Maykop belongs to those varieties that are usually called "folk". Currently, there are several forms of Maikop lemons, differing from each other in some ways. Some of them are formed without a headquarters, form a dense, strongly leafy crown with numerous, horizontally arranged, thin branches-pods that do not have thorns. Flowers are small, white, collected in clusters of 3-5 pieces. The fruits are round or oval, with a thin, rough skin of a bright yellow hue. The average fruit weight is 150-170 g. This lemon is unpretentious, grows well in apartment conditions. Trees of this type are highly winter-hardy. They can winter in cold rooms. The Maikop variety has gained great popularity among gardeners for its high yield and good fruit quality. From one tree get 100-300 fruits, super! From 30-year-old individuals, up to 750 fruits can be harvested.

GENOA.

Genoa lemon is a medium-sized tree, reaching 1-3 m in height. Has no thorns. It has a wide, spreading, densely leafy crown. The flowers are large, 5-7 cm in diameter, and consist of five lanceolate petals. They grow singly or are collected in inflorescences of 2-5 pieces. It blooms several times a year. Fruits are round or oval, weighing 100-120 g. The peel is yellowish or greenish-yellow, thick, smooth or slightly rough, with a sweet taste. The pulp is light yellow, juicy, sour, with high taste.

The Genoa variety begins bearing fruit at 4-5 years of age. Produces about 50 fruits per year. Up to 120 fruits are collected from an adult annually.

Caring for lemons at room conditions.

The required temperature for wintering a lemon is 15-18 degrees with moderate air humidity. Use settled water for irrigation. Transplant young plants after a year or two, five-year-old seedlings and older ones after 3-4 years. It is necessary to feed lemons from April to August once every two weeks, and in winter once a month with organic and mineral fertilizers, special for lemons. Lemons do not tolerate dry air, so it needs frequent spraying.

Reproduction.

The best way to propagate lemons is by sowing seeds. Unlike many fruit crops, lemon, when propagated by seed, gives seedlings of a cultivated type with good fruit quality. The seeds grow healthy, resilient trees adapted to local conditions. But the fruiting period for a lemon grown from a seed occurs only in the 10-15th year and even later.

The most common methods of grafting citrus fruits are copulation (grafting with a cuttings) and budding (grafting with a kidney, i.e. with an eye).

Cutting is an easy and affordable way to propagate a lemon. Lemons grown from cuttings begin to bear fruit in the third year.

Growing utensils.

Young plants are usually grown in clay pots. Large ones are grown in large pots or wooden tubs. When planting and transplanting plants, take the following pot size: up to two years - 1 liter;

from two to four years - 3 liters;

from four to six years - 5 liters;

from six to eight years - 8 liters;

from eight years and older - 12 liters or more.

Citrus farming is a lucrative and fun activity. Starting as a small hobby, it can turn into a lifelong favorite. Perhaps a description of the varieties of indoor lemons with photos and names will push someone to grow this healthy, acidic culture.