Length and Distance Converter Mass Converter Bulk and Food Volume Converter Area Converter Culinary Recipe Volume and Units Converter Temperature Converter Pressure, Stress, Young's Modulus Converter Energy and Work Converter Power Converter Force Converter Time Converter Linear Velocity Converter Flat Angle Converter Thermal Efficiency and Fuel Efficiency Numeric Conversion Systems Converter of Information Quantity Measurement Currency Rates Women's Clothing and Shoes Sizes Men's Clothing and Shoes Sizes Angular Velocity and Rotational Speed \u200b\u200bConverter Acceleration Converter Angular Acceleration Converter Density Converter Specific Volume Converter Moment of Inertia Converter Moment of Force Converter Torque converter Specific calorific value (mass) converter Energy density and fuel calorific value (volume) converter Temperature difference converter Coefficient converter Thermal Expansion Curve Thermal Resistance Converter Thermal Conductivity Converter Specific Heat Capacity Converter Thermal Exposure and Radiation Power Converter Heat Flux Density Converter Heat Transfer Coefficient Converter Volumetric Flow Rate Converter Mass Flow Rate Converter Molar Flow Rate Converter Mass Flux Density Converter Molar Concentration Converter Mass Concentration in Solution Converter absolute) viscosity Kinematic viscosity converter Surface tension converter Vapor permeability converter Water vapor flux density converter Sound level converter Microphone sensitivity converter Sound pressure level (SPL) converter Sound pressure level converter with selectable reference pressure Luminance converter Luminous intensity converter Illumination converter Computer graphics resolution converter Frequency and Wavelength Converter Optical Power in Diopters and Focal distance Optical power in diopters and lens magnification (×) Electric charge converter Linear charge density converter Surface charge density converter Bulk charge density converter Electric current linear current density converter Surface current density converter Electric field strength converter Electrostatic potential and voltage converter Electric resistance converter Converter electrical resistivity Electrical conductivity converter Electrical conductivity converter Electrical capacitance Inductance converter American wire gauge converter Levels in dBm (dBm or dBmW), dBV (dBV), watts, etc. units Magnetomotive force converter Magnetic field strength converter Magnetic flux converter Magnetic induction converter Radiation. Ionizing Radiation Absorbed Dose Rate Converter Radioactivity. Radioactive Decay Radiation Converter. Exposure Dose Converter Radiation. Absorbed Dose Converter Decimal Prefixes Converter Data Transfer Typography and Image Processing Unit Converter Timber Volume Unit Converter Calculating Molar Mass Periodic Table of Chemical Elements D. I. Mendeleev

1 milligram [mg] \u003d 1000 micrograms [mcg]

Initial value

Converted value

kilogram grams of exagrams petagrams teragrams gigagrams megagrams hectograms decagrams decigrams centigrams milligrams micrograms nanograms picograms femtograms attograms daltons, atomic mass unit kilogram-force sq. sec / meter kilopound kilopound (kip) slug lbf sq. sec / ft lb troy pound ounce troy ounce metric ounce short ton long (imperial) ton assay ton (US) assay ton (imperial) ton (metric) kilotone (metric) centner (metric) centner American centner British quarter (US) quarter (brit.) stone (USA) stone (brit.) ton pennyweight scruple carat grand gamma talent (dr. Israel) mina (dr. Israel) shekel (dr. Israel) bekan (dr. Israel) gera (dr. Israel) talent (O. Greece) mine (O. Greece) tetradrachm (O. Greece) didrachm (O. Greece) drachma (O. Greece) denarius (O. Rome) ass (O. Rome) codrant (O. Rome) lepton ( Dr. Rome) Planck mass atomic mass unit electron rest mass muon rest mass proton mass neutron mass deuteron mass Earth mass mass of the Sun berkovets pood Pound lot spool fraction of quintal livre

More about mass

General information

Mass is the property of physical bodies to resist acceleration. Mass, in contrast to weight, does not change depending on the environment and does not depend on the force of gravity of the planet on which this body is located. Mass m determined using Newton's second law, by the formula: F = mawhere F is power, and a - acceleration.

Mass and weight

In everyday life, the word "weight" is often used, when they speak of mass. In physics, weight, in contrast to mass, is a force acting on a body due to the attraction between bodies and planets. Weight can also be calculated using Newton's second law: P= mgwhere m is mass, and g - acceleration of gravity. This acceleration occurs due to the gravitational force of the planet, near which the body is located, and its magnitude also depends on this force. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.80665 meters per second, and on the Moon it is about six times less - 1.63 meters per second. So, a body weighing one kilogram weighs 9.8 Newtons on the Earth and 1.63 Newtons on the Moon.

Gravitational mass

Gravitational mass shows what gravitational force acts on a body (passive mass) and with what gravitational force a body acts on other bodies (active mass). When increasing active gravitational mass body, its force of attraction also increases. It is this force that governs the movement and position of stars, planets and other astronomical objects in the universe. The ebb and flow are also caused by the gravitational forces of the Earth and the Moon.

With magnification passive gravitational mass the force with which the gravitational fields of other bodies act on this body also increases.

Inert mass

Inertial mass is the property of a body to resist movement. It is due to the fact that a body has mass that a certain force must be applied in order to move the body from its place or change the direction or speed of its movement. The more inert mass, the more force you need to apply for this. Mass in Newton's second law is precisely inert mass. The gravitational and inert masses are equal in magnitude.

Mass and the theory of relativity

According to the theory of relativity, gravitating mass changes the curvature of the space-time continuum. The greater this mass of a body, the stronger this curvature around this body, therefore, near bodies of large mass, such as stars, the trajectory of light rays is curved. this effect in astronomy is called gravitational lenses. On the contrary, far from large astronomical objects (massive stars or their clusters called galaxies), the movement of light rays is straightforward.

The main postulate of the theory of relativity is the postulate that the speed of light propagation is finite. Several interesting consequences follow from this. First, one can imagine the existence of objects with such a large mass that the second cosmic speed of such a body will be equal to the speed of light, i.e. no information from this object can get into the outside world. Such space objects in the general theory of relativity are called "black holes" and their existence has been experimentally proven by scientists. Secondly, when an object moves with a near-light speed, its inertial mass increases so much that the local time inside the object slows down in comparison with time. measured by a stationary clock on Earth. This paradox is known as the "twins paradox": one of them is sent into space flight at near-light speed, the other remains on Earth. Upon returning from a flight twenty years later, it turns out that the twin astronaut is biologically younger than his brother!

Units

Kilogram

In SI, mass changes in kilograms. The kilogram is determined based on the exact numerical value of Planck's constant hequal to 6.62607015 × 10⁻³⁴, expressed in J s, which is equal to kg m2 s⁻¹, and the second and meter are determined by the exact values c and Δ ν Cs. The mass of one liter of water can be approximately considered equal to one kilogram. The derivatives of kilogram, gram (1/1000 kilogram) and ton (1000 kilograms) are not SI units, but are widely used.

Electron-volt

Electronvolt is a unit for measuring energy. It is usually used in the theory of relativity, and the energy is calculated by the formula E=mc², where E is energy, m - mass, and c is the speed of light. According to the principle of equivalence of mass and energy, the electron volt is also a unit of mass in the system of natural units, where c is equal to one, which means that mass is equal to energy. Electron volts are mainly used in nuclear and atomic physics.

Atomic mass unit

Atomic mass unit ( and. eat.) is intended for the masses of molecules, atoms, and other particles. One A. e. m is equal to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of a carbon nuclide, C²C. This is approximately 1.66 × 10 ⁻²⁷ kilograms.

Slug

Slags are used primarily in the British imperial system of measures in the UK and some other countries. One slug is equal to the mass of a body that is accelerating one foot per second per second when a force of one pound-force is applied to it. This is approximately 14.59 kilograms.

Solar mass

Solar mass is a measure of mass used in astronomy to measure stars, planets and galaxies. One solar mass is equal to the mass of the Sun, that is, 2 × 10³⁰ kilograms. The mass of the Earth is about 333,000 times less.

Carat

Carats measure the mass of precious stones and metals used in jewelry. One carat is equal to 200 milligrams. The name and the value itself are associated with the seeds of the carob tree (in English: carob, pronounced "carob"). One carat used to be equal to the weight of the seed of this tree, and buyers carried their seeds with them to check if the sellers of precious metals and stones had cheated them. The weight of a gold coin in ancient Rome was equal to 24 carob seeds, and therefore carats were used to denote the amount of gold in an alloy. 24 carats is pure gold, 12 carats is a half-gold alloy, and so on.

Gran

The Gran was used as a measure of weight in many countries before the Renaissance. It was based on the weight of grains, mainly barley, and other crops popular at the time. One grain is equal to about 65 milligrams. That's a little over a quarter of a carat. Until carats became widespread, grains were used in jewelry. This weight measure is used to this day to measure the mass of gunpowder, bullets, arrows, and gold foil in dentistry.

Other units of mass

In countries where the metric system is not adopted, the measures of mass of the British imperial system are used. For example, in the UK, USA and Canada, pounds, stones and ounces are widely used. One pound equals 453.6 grams. Stones are mainly used only to measure a person's body weight. One stone is approximately 6.35 kilograms, or exactly 14 pounds. Ounces are mainly used in cooking recipes, especially for small portions. One ounce is 1/16 of a pound, or approximately 28.35 grams. In Canada, which formally converted to metric in the 1970s, many products are sold in rounded imperial packaging, such as one pound or 14 fluid ounces, but have metric weights or volumes. In English, this system is called "soft metric" (eng. soft metric), in contrast to the "rigid metric" system (eng. hard metric), which indicates the rounded weight in metric units on the packaging. This image shows “soft metric” food packaging, showing weight in metric only and volume in both metric and imperial units.

Do you find it difficult to translate a unit of measurement from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Post a question to TCTerms and you will receive an answer within a few minutes.

We know from arithmetic that 1 g is a multiple of 1 kg, that is, a thousandth of a kilogram. And when it is necessary to find out how many grams are in a kilogram, we multiply the figure denoting kilograms by a thousand and get:
1 kg x 1000 \u003d 1000 g, or 1 kg \u003d 103 g.

So, a milligram is also a thousandth of a value called a gram.

And similarly, the problem is solved when you need to find out how many milligrams it contains.
We assign three zeros to the figure that denotes the quantity g.

1 g x 1000 \u003d 1000 mg, or 1 g \u003d 103 mg. Here is such a simple answer to the question - how many mg in 1 gram.

Putting knowledge into practice

Life constantly confronts us with a situation when we have to solve such arithmetic problems. Most often, this occurs when taking medications.

For example, if the instructions for use say that more than 0.2 g of the drug cannot be consumed per day, and the tablets in the blister indicate the weight of 25 mg, then you need to find out how many tablets can be used.

Solution algorithm: 0.2 g x 1000 \u003d 200 mg, 200 mg: 25 mg \u003d 8 tablets.

But the reverse conversion from milligrams to grams is also common, especially when cooking or for chemical solutions for household purposes.

We remember that if 1 g \u003d 103 mg, then 1 mg \u003d 10-3 g or 1 mg \u003d 0.001 g.
Suppose, according to the condition of the recipe, we need to add 300 mg of granulated sugar and 800 mg of salt somewhere, and our scales measure only g.

International Unit (IU) - in pharmacology, it is a unit for measuring the amount of a substance based on biological activity. Used for vitamins, hormones, certain drugs, vaccines, blood constituents and similar biologically active substances.

How many milligrams are in a gram?

Despite its name, ME is not part of the SI international measurement system.

The exact definition of one IU differs for different substances and is established by international agreement. The Biological Standardization Committee of the World Health Organization provides reference stocks of certain substances, (optionally) sets the number of IU units contained in them, and defines biological procedures for comparing other blanks with reference ones. The purpose of such procedures is that different preforms having the same biological activity contain the same number of IU units.

For some substances, over time, mass equivalents of one IU were established, and the measurement in these units was officially abandoned. However, the IU unit may still remain in widespread use due to convenience. For example, vitamin E exists in eight different forms that differ in their biological activity. Instead of specifying the exact type and weight of the vitamin in the preform, it is sometimes convenient to simply indicate its amount in IU.

Wikipedia

International Unit (IU) - internationally agreed standards required to compare the content of different test biological compounds based on their activity.

If it is impossible to purify by chemical methods, the substance is analyzed by biological methods, and a stable standard solution is used for comparison. Serum standards are held by the State Serum Institute (Copenhagen, Denmark), the National Institute for Medical Research (Mill Hill, UK) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (Geneva, Switzerland).

International unit set as a specified amount of a standard solution (for example, one IU of tetanus antitoxin \u003d 0.1547 mg of a standard solution stored in Copenhagen).

Pharmacology And Pharmacotherapeutics (New Revised 21 St Ed.)

How much is 5 milligrams?

What is the difference between 5 mg and 5 ml?

People quite often confuse two completely different concepts: milliliter and milligram. Some people think they are the same thing. So let's figure it out.

First, you need to determine which dosage form before us.

Solids are metered by weight (weighed out), and liquid substances - by volume (metered out).

In the first case, the unit of measurement is gram \\ milligram \\ microgram, and in the second - liter \\ milliliter.

Dosing by weight

Weight designations :

1.0 - 1 g (gram)

0.001 - 1 mg (milligram)

0.000001 - 1 mcg (microgram)

Measuringweights, weights, scales (according to the weighing principle there are: spring, lever, manual, plate and others).

Measuring instruments for the consumer:the measure of measurement in this case will be the dosage prescribed by the doctor. We talked about dosages in more detail in article.

Dosing by volume

Volume designations:

1 ml - 1 milliliter

1 liter - 1 liter

Measuringmanufacturer tools: volumetric and pharmaceutical pipettes, volumetric flasks, cylinders, beakers, burettes.

Measuring instruments for the consumer: caps, pipettes, syringes, cups, measuring spoons.

Let's fix:

What does the designation say 1,0 ?

Answer: This is the mass of a substance weighing 1 gram.

Clarification: If we are talking about the volume of the dosage form, then next will be the designation - ml, that is 1.0 ml (or simply 1 ml).

How to calculate the right number of drops?

The custom volume unit is a drop.

How many milligrams are in 1 gram?

This is an inaccurate figure for calculations, because the droplet volume depends on the physical properties of the dispensed liquid.

For comparison: the volume of 1 drop of an alcohol solution is on average 0.02 ml, and for an aqueous solution it can range from 0.03 to 0.05 ml.

Pharmacists and physicians decided to jointly define a standard measure for this unit of measurement. It is generally accepted that the volume of 1 drop is 0.05 ml.

When the dosage of the drug in drops is prescribed, it is assumed that the volume of one drop is 0.05 ml. If you have a 1 ml medical syringe at home, then you can easily determine the required amount of medicine: 2 drops - 0.1 ml, 3 drops - 0.15 ml, 5 drops - 0.25 ml.

Spoons are also an imprecise meter for determining the volume of a dosage form. For them, the volume conventions are also adopted.

Memo for dosing liquid dosage forms:

1 drop (drop) \u003d 0.05 ml

2 drops \u003d 0.1 ml (measure with a 1 ml syringe)

20 drops (pipette) \u003d 1 ml

1 tsp (teaspoon) \u003d 5 ml

1 d.l. (dessert or baby spoon) \u003d 10 ml

1 tbsp (tablespoon) \u003d 15 ml

1 tbsp. (glass) \u003d on average 200 ml (glasses come in different capacities: from 110 to 320 ml)

In one of the following issues, you will learn how to determine the content of the active substance in a dosage form, and how to calculate single / daily doses of the drug.

Be healthy! Treat consciously!

#PartialPharmacist

Even more in the Telegram channel

Quick answer: 1 g - 1000 mg.

Say what you like, but we tend to forget some information from the school course, especially if we do not come across it in any way throughout our life. For example, do you remember how many milligrams are in 1 gram?

How many milligrams are in one gram?

Well, if you remember, there are people who have forgotten this information. Let's not blame them - a person is not able to keep in his head all the data that he once received. But we will answer the question.

Milligram is the SI unit of mass. A milligram is one thousandth of a gram (or one millionth of a kilogram). It turns out that 1 g of the substance contains 1000 mg. 1 milligram, in turn, contains 0.001 g of the substance.

Easy to remember?

Quite. However, in practice, we often encounter such cases that often lead us into a stupor. A simple example: you need to take a pill. The package says that the weight of each tablet is 0.25 g, while you need to take 750 mg. Since we already know that one gram contains a thousand milligrams, we will simply translate the values. So, 0.25 g is 250 mg. Divide the prescribed 750 mg by 250 mg and get the number 3. Three - that is how many tablets you need to take.

Of course, you can transfer everything back. 750 mg is 0.75 g. The tablet weighs 0.25 g. Divide 0.75 g by 0.25 g and get the same figure - 3. As you can see, everything is quite easy and simple, but if you have any questions on this topic, you can ask us using the comments section.

When working with small quantities of a substance, a mass unit such as milligram (mg) is often used. A milligram is a thousandth of a gram. that is, one gram contains one thousand milligrams. In order to convert grams into milligrams, you don't even need a calculator - quite basic knowledge in arithmetic.

Instructions

1. To convert a gram into a milligram, multiply the number of grams by 1000. That is, use the further primitive formula: Kmg \u003d Kg * 1000, where Kmg is the number of milligrams, Kg is the number of grams. So, say, the mass of one tablet of activated carbon is 0.25 grams. Consequently, its mass, expressed in milligrams, will be: 0.25 * 1000 \u003d 250 (mg).

2. If the number of grams is an integer, then to convert grams to milligrams, primitively add three zeros to it on the right. For example, one tablet of ascorbic acid with glucose weighs 1 gram. This means that its mass in milligrams will be: 1,000.

3. If the number of grams is in decimal form, move the decimal point three digits to the right. Let's say the table of contents of glucose in one tablet of ascorbic acid with glucose is 0.887 grams. Consequently, in milligrams, the mass of glucose will be 887 mg.

4. If the comma is less than 3 digits later, fill in the missing signs with zeros. For example, the table of contents of ascorbic acid in one tablet of ascorbic acid with glucose is 0.1 gram. In milligrams, this will be - 100 mg (according to the rule, it turns out 0100 mg, but insignificant zeros on the left are discarded).

5. If all the initial data are given in grams, and the total needs to be presented in milligrams, then carry out all intermediate calculations in grams, and translate milligrams only the result of the calculations. So, say, one tablet of allochol contains: - dry bile - 0.08 g, - dried garlic - 0.04 g, - nettle leaves - 0.005 g, - activated carbon - 0.025 g. In order to calculate how many milligrams of energetic substances are contained in one tablet of allochol, add the masses of all components, expressed in grams, and translate the total into milligrams: 0.08 + 0.04 + 0.005 + 0.025 \u003d 0.15 (g). 0.15 * 1000 \u003d 150 (mg).

Gram Is a metric unit of mass. Gram is one of the basic units of the CGS system of unconditional measures (centimeter, gram, second) - widely used before the adoption of the international measurement system (SI). It is denoted as g or g.

How many milligrams will be in one milliliter

Multiple unit of mass measurement kilogram is one of the basic SI units, denoted by kg or kg.

Instructions

1. Gram equal to the mass of one cubic centimeter of water at the temperature of its maximum density (4 ° C). As a measure of body mass, a gram is a derived unit in the metric system. It is one thousandth of the bar mass unit - kilogram and. A kilogram was determined (with an accuracy of 0.2%) as the mass of one cubic decimeter (0.001 cubic meter) of water at its highest density temperature. At the current time to determine the mass kilogram and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris stores the standard kilogram a - a cylinder with a height of about 39 mm, produced from a platinum-iridium alloy in 1889.

2. Gram equal to one thousandth kilogram a (1 g \u003d 0.001 kg), therefore, to translate the known body weight, which is given in grams, you need to multiply it by 1000.

Related Videos

Note!
The conversion of grams to milligrams is mainly used in calculations related to the preparation of drugs and their dosage. When calculating, be very careful - an oversight of each one decimal place will lead to a tenfold error.

We are all aware of how important it is to know which medicine to use to relieve the symptoms of a particular disease. But not only this fact has a significant meaning in the treatment of various ailments. How to find out the exact dosage of a medicine? This is the main question to which not everyone knows the exact answer. This is very important, since, for example, a child's body may inadequately respond to excessive intake of one or another drug.

What is the dosage of the medication?

First of all, you need to understand what drugs are. These are the drugs that a person uses to prevent and treat various diseases. Depending on the purpose of the medicine, it can be obtained from tissues and organs of animals and humans, plant and mineral raw materials.

This contributes to its better assimilation in the human body. Medicines are produced in various syrups, tinctures, solutions and other options. There are several types of medicines: general-purpose (they treat everyday diseases, for example, viruses and colds), potent (used to prevent serious diseases, such as epileptic seizures), poisonous (for example, treating various types of tumors).

Each medication always comes with an instruction, which clearly indicates the dose of the medication you want to start taking. Of course, sometimes experienced doctors write a prescription for the use of a medicine that differs from its instructions. And this is a completely possible situation, because the doctor knows better the symptoms of your disease, your weight and age, which means that he will more accurately prescribe treatment for you.

Terms used when setting the dosage of any drug

The dosage of a drug is, in fact, the appointment of them in a prescribed amount (dose, if we are talking about tablets, syrups, tinctures, etc.) or in the desired concentration (when we are talking about inhalation, i.e. the ability to mix the medicine with a certain solution).

Most often, doctors indicate the unit of measure for a portion of a medicine in grams or milligrams (micrograms and others). If you do not know how to find out the exact dosage of a medicine, you should pay attention to the following concepts:

• course dose: the amount of medicine that must be taken within a certain time to get rid of all symptoms of the disease (say, the course is usually 3, 5, 10, 14, 21 days or several months - it all depends on the medicine). This is very important when taking antibiotics, since non-compliance with the course dose during their use leads to the fact that the human body develops immunity to them, and they will not bring any benefit in treatment;
• therapeutic dose, i.e. the amount of medicine that, according to the doctor, will lead to a complete recovery of the patient;
• daily dose - the volume of the drug that you must use during the day (24 hours);
• single dose: the amount of medicinal substance that the patient needs to drink at one time.

It is important to note that there are concepts of the highest single dose and the highest daily dose, after which a person will not experience side effects. There are the following therapeutic doses of drugs:

• maximum: can have an irreversible detrimental effect on the body, which ultimately will lead to death;
• medium: a value between the maximum and minimum;
• minimum: the dose is below normal, which will not have any effect on the disease.

How to measure the dose of a particular drug?

Often people wonder how to calculate the dosage of a medicine, having at hand the means at hand (spoons, measuring cups). There are generally accepted measures of liquid volume that can be used in this case:

1 faceted glass - 200 ml (includes 40 tsp, 20 dessert spoons, 16 tbsp);

1 tbsp - 15 ml (includes 3 tsp);

1 dessert spoon - 10 ml (includes 2 tsp);

1 tsp - 5 ml (smallest measured dose).

The dose of drugs can be correctly calculated using those devices that come with the drugs, for example: measuring cups, syringes, dispensing pipettes, dosing spoons.

They can easily measure the required liquid medicine, or pour the required medicinal powder. Such dispensers are usually used at home for self-treatment. Typically, they are able to measure therapeutic agents in liquid form in the range of 2.5 ml to 60 ml. Of course, in hospitals, it is considered more convenient to use drugs in other forms (for example, liquid - through a dropper), i.e. when doctors can easily track the rate of drug administration, its absorption by the patient's body and, of course, the effect of appropriate treatment.

How much drug is in a solution or tincture?

To answer a seemingly simple question about how to find out the exact dosage of a medicine, you need to do the following calculations:

1. It is often customary to take liquid medications using a regular teaspoon, the volume of which, as mentioned above, is 5 ml. For example, your doctor prescribes a medicine in the form of a syrup. On its packaging, the following ratio is indicated, which, at times, confuses everyone: 15 mg / 5 ml. Everything is simple here: it means that 1 tsp. the medicine will contain 15 mg of this syrup. If a single dose of the medicine specifically for you is 45 mg, then you should drink 3 tsp in 1 dose. syrup.
2. Sometimes, manufacturers indicate how much of the main active ingredient of a particular liquid medicine is contained in the entire volume, for example, syrup. For example, the package indicates that the active ingredient is 60 mg, and the volume of the entire solution is 120 ml. We consider how much it will be contained in 1 ml: 60 mg / 120 ml \u003d 0.5 mg / 1 ml. And if 1 tsp. contains 5 ml: 5 ml x 0.5 mg / ml \u003d 2.5 mg of active ingredient in 1 tsp. Based on this, we calculate our own daily dose of the drug.
3. It happens that the ratio of the active ingredient to 100 mg or 100 ml is indicated on the packaging of the drug. It is necessary to calculate everything here, as indicated above.

What affects the dose of the medication?

The drug dosage table (i.e. all information about the dose of the drug) usually includes the patient's age, weight, and sometimes gender.

The main thing is for a competent specialist to take into account all the factors affecting the intake of a particular drug:

• age and sex of the patient;
• the presence or absence of chronic diseases;
• taking or not taking other drugs, along with the prescribed drug;
• the severity and duration of the disease.

Anyone will understand that a small person needs a smaller dose of medication than a larger person. Or, for example, men have a special metabolism, so the dose of the drug for them is usually higher than for women. That is why the average therapeutic dose is indicated in the instructions for the medicine, so that the attending physician himself can determine the required amount of the drug, specifically for you.

Calculation of the dose of medicine for children

The dosage of medicines in pediatrics is a rather controversial issue. Some doctors recommend calculating it based on the dose of a similar medicine for an adult.

But many are not inclined to trust this system, because the mass of a child is much less than an adult, and their metabolism is much faster. Doctors say that a growing body is more sensitive to various kinds of drugs. For example, it is not typical for children to consume alcohol, drugs, nicotine, which are often included in medicines. And their negative effect is most noticeable on a small organism. Therefore, the dosage of drugs for children is calculated on the basis of data on the baby's body weight (1 kg), body surface area (1 sq. M), and the number of years of his life.

You also need to understand that the reaction to the same medicine in different children may be completely different. It all depends on the child's genetic predisposition to diseases, whether he has chronic diseases and much more. Often, the effectiveness of a drug is regulated by decreasing or increasing its dose. It is important for inexperienced parents to know that the route of administration (orally, rectally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously) also has a direct effect on effectiveness. A portion of any medicine for children is usually calculated in two specific ways:

• based on the weight of the child: per 1 kg;
• based on the age of the child: the age is indicated (until what or after what year the medicine can be given to the baby).

If you use drugs that are available for adults, then per child, you must observe the doses that are presented in the form of a summary. Medication dosage table:

Of course, it is best to use drugs produced specifically for small children when treating a child. Firstly, manufacturers, producing these particular drugs, comply with much more product quality requirements. Secondly, it is very difficult to choose and make the right dose of a drug, for example, from a similar tablet for an adult. Sometimes there is more active substance than the child actually needs to treat the disease.

Calculation of the dose of medication for adults

In principle, medications for adults should be taken on the basis of the instructions that come with them. The main thing is to observe the following rules and not to deviate from them:

• carefully follow the doctor's prescriptions, do not self-medicate;
• it is fundamentally important to correctly calculate a single, daily and course dose of any drug, based on the weight and gender of an adult;
• buy medicines only in trusted places so as not to buy a fake.

Remember that any drug is, first of all, a chemical compound that can bring your health not only benefits in the form of recovery, but also cause significant harm if used incorrectly.

Prescription attached to medicines: is it needed?

How to find out the exact dosage of a medicine when using it for the first time? The recipe, which is usually attached to each drug, will definitely help you with this. There, in addition to the medicinal properties of the drug, a single, daily dose is indicated, as well as a dose for the course of taking the drug. The correct administration of the medication affects the duration and effectiveness of the patient's recovery process. It is important to know that sometimes doctors underestimate the course dose of one or another drug. If such a discrepancy is found in the appointment of a specialist and the prescription attached to the medicine, it is worth asking the appropriate question to him. Indeed, often the dose of drugs directly depends on a person's weight, the presence of chronic diseases, age, etc. And the doctor's task in this case is to correctly regulate it.

Nebulizer and doses of medicines to it

As you know, scientific progress does not stand still, and quite recently an excellent device for treating diseases of the nasal cavity and throat in children and adults - a nebulizer - has become known.

As the patients themselves note, the results of the treatment with this device are simply excellent: firstly, much less time is needed to finally get rid of the symptoms of the disease; secondly, you spend much less money on the treatment process itself.

Just remember, you do not need to self-medicate here, medicines and dosages for the nebulizer should be prescribed by an experienced doctor. The meaning of its work is as follows: you pour the necessary drug into a special container, mixing it in certain proportions with a saline solution, and breathe in the generated vapor (which is created by the operation of a compressor or ultrasound). Thus, the medicine is distributed in the pharynx or nasal cavity and has a positive effect on their treatment. It is important to know the medications and dosages for the nebulizer that are used in modern devices:

Sodium chloride solution (serves only as a solvent for the drug);

Solution "Berodual" (expands the bronchi);

Suspension "Pulmicort" (dries up the nasal mucosa with severe rhinitis);

Chlorophyllipt alcohol solution: relieves coughing attacks and removes phlegm.

There are a lot of drugs that are used in modern nebulizers. It is important to understand what dosage of drugs for inhalation is needed in a particular case.

Drug overdose - is it life-threatening?

I would like to note that such situations arise quite often in everyday life. People, without reading the instructions, take, as it seems to them, the normal amount of a particular drug. They immediately experience the following symptoms: nausea, dizziness, headache, weakness, involuntary muscle contraction.

All of this can be fatal. To correct the situation in a short time, it is necessary to urgently induce vomiting, rinse the patient's stomach and seek help from a medical institution. While you are waiting for an ambulance, drink strong black tea, but not milk, this can cause an even stronger intoxication effect. To avoid such situations, you need to understand what the dosage of drugs is, and be sure to follow it.

It is important to realize that when using a particular medicine, you are using certain chemicals that, in addition to being beneficial, can cause significant harm. Since even with a minimal overdose, they turn into poison, which can lead to disastrous consequences. This is especially true for young patients, for whose life their parents are primarily responsible. Therefore, it is necessary before taking this or that drug (especially when it comes to children) to consult a doctor, calculate its correct dose and in no case deviate from this value.

Usually calculated in mg / kg body weight or mg / m 2 total body surface area. Dose calculation based on body surface area is preferable based on body weight, since surface area changes much less, allowing for a more accurate calculation of the drug dose throughout the course of treatment.

Dose calculation using this units the measurements are also more comparable for adults and children, and differences in total dose between very obese and thin people are minimal. The calculation of the dose for experimental animals expressed in mg / m2 is more readily available for recalculation in humans.

For adult doses in mg / kg can be converted with acceptable accuracy to mg / m2 by multiplying by 40.

Need to adjust doses of chemotherapy drugs (XT) for patients who are likely to have bone marrow dysfunction; These are patients over 70 years of age and those who have previously received pelvic or abdominal radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapy (XT).

These patients need to reduce the initial the dose of the drug by 35-50% and increase to full dose on subsequent courses of treatment if the initial dose is well tolerated. For any moderate to severe side effects during the course of therapy, the dose of drugs in subsequent courses should be reduced. Many practitioners prefer to limit the dose to 2 mg / m 2.

Dose adjustments are often required for patients receiving antineoplastic drugs that excreted by the kidneys... This reduces the likelihood of too high plasma drug concentrations and the associated risk of serious renal impairment. Some of the methods used to assess kidney function (glomerular filtration rate - GFR) are specific to each tumor.

Most commonly used calculation of creatinine clearance (QC) using serum creatine values. Elimination of creatinine occurs primarily through glomerular filtration, although small amounts may be excreted through the renal tubules. Several studies have compared different methods for assessing QC using serum creatinine. These methods are based on the correlation of CC with age, body weight, serum creatinine and its metabolism. The most commonly used methods are described below.

Jelliff method for calculating creatinine clearance (CC)

Initially, the Jelliff method was used as a simple assessment of QC based on serum creatinine levels, making minor changes in calculations according to the patient's gender.

Jelliff's modern formula takes into account age and kidney function:
CC (ml / min) \u003d 1.73 [(100 / serum creatinine in mg / dL) - 2].

It is used in 90% of cases to assess QC in women.

Cockcroft-Gault method for calculating creatinine clearance (CC)

This equation includes indicators for lean body mass (without fat), which are especially important for obese patients (the resulting value is multiplied by 0.85 for women).

This method similar to Jelliff calculation and represents the following:
CC \u003d (140 - age) x (lean body weight in kg) / (serum creatinine in mg / dL) x 72.

Calvert's formula for calculating the dose of chemotherapy

The use of QC has also been incorporated into the so-called Calvert formula. The method is based on reliable indicators; There is evidence that there is an inverse linear correlation between GFR and AUG in drugs such as carboplatin.
In order to obtain the desired AUC, it is necessary not only to reduce the dose of the drug for patients with renal insufficiency, but also to increase the standard doses for patients with high rates of renal clearance.

Calvert's formula:
Dose (mg) \u003d AUC x (GFR + 25).

The original Calvert calculations were based on GFR measured using the chromium-51-EDTA method. Although CC can exceed GFR by 10-40%, most doctors calculate GFR using the Jelliff or Cockcroft-Gault formulas, and then plug these values \u200b\u200binto the Calvert formula.

Scheme for calculating an individual dose of carboplastin:
1. Dose of carboplatin (mg) \u003d AUC x (GFR + 25)

2. AUC is selected for the relevant clinical situations:
- AUC 6 for untreated patients when combined with taxanes
- AUC 5 for previously treated patients
- AUC 7 for initially untreated patients

3. GFR is the equivalent of QC, which can be measured or estimated in relation to height, body weight and serum creatinine level.

Volume measures of liquids

1 teaspoon \u003d 5 ml.

1 dessert spoon \u003d 2 teaspoons \u003d 10 ml.

1 tablespoon \u003d 3 teaspoons \u003d 15 ml.

Example: 1

Composition - 15 mg / 5 ml. (indicated on the package or in the instructions) This means that 1 teaspoon contains 15 mg. drug.

If you are prescribed a single dose of 15 mg, then you should take 1 teaspoon of syrup for 1 dose.

If you are prescribed a single dose of 30 mg, then you should take 2 teaspoons of syrup for 1 dose.

Example: 2

The bottle contains 80 mg / 160 ml, where 80 mg is the active ingredient. In this case, the drug is recommended to be taken 1 teaspoon 2 times a day.

We calculate the dose in 1 ml: for this, the dose of the substance in the entire volume must be divided by the entire volume of liquid:

Divide 80 mg by 160 ml \u003d 0.5 mg in 1 ml.

Since a teaspoon holds 5 ml, the result is multiplied by 5. That is: 0.5 mg X 5 \u003d 2.5 mg.

Therefore, 1 teaspoon (single dose) contains 2.5 mg. active substance.

Example: 3

The instructions indicate that 60 ml of the finished solution contains 3000 mg of active ingredient.

And 60 ml is 12 teaspoons of 5 ml.

And now we are doing the calculations: the indicated dose of the substance is 3000 mg. divided by 12. That is: 3000 mg / 12 \u003d 250 mg.

So 1 teaspoon of the finished solution is 250 mg.

Example: 4

100 mg. active substance is contained in 5 ml.

In 1 ml. contains: 100 divided by 5 \u003d 20 mg. active substance.

You need 150 mg.

We divide 150 mg by 20 mg - we get 7.5 ml.

DROPS

1 ml. aqueous solution - 20 drops

1 ml. alcohol solution - 40 drops

1 ml. alcohol-ether solution - 60 drops

STANDARD DILUTION OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION

1 mg \u003d 1000 mcg;

1 μg \u003d 1/1000 mg;

1000 mg \u003d 1 g;

500 mg \u003d 0.5 g;

100 mg \u003d 0.1 g;

1% corresponds to 10 g / l and 10 mg / ml;

2% 20 g / l or 20 mg / ml;

1: 1000 \u003d 1 g / 1000 ml \u003d 1 mg / ml;

1: 10,000 \u003d 1 g / 10,000 ml \u003d 0.1 mg / ml or 100 μg / ml;

1: 1,000,000 \u003d 1 g / 1,000,000 ml \u003d 1 μg / ml

If a solvent is not provided in the package, then when diluting the antibiotic by 0.1 g (100,000 U) of the powder, take 0.5 ml. solution.

Thus, for breeding:

0.2 g, 1 ml is needed. solvent;

0.5 g needs 2.5-3 ml. solvent;

1 g needs 5 ml. solvent;

Example: 1

A vial of ampicillin contains 0.5 g of dry drug. How much solvent do you need to take in 0.5 ml. the solution was 0.1 g of dry matter.

When diluting the antibiotic in 0.1 g of dry powder, take 0.5 ml. solvent, therefore:

0.1 g of dry matter - 0.5 ml. solvent

0.5 g of dry matter - X ml. solvent

Answer: to 0.5 ml. the solution was 0.1 g of dry matter, you must take 2.5 ml. solvent.

Example: 2

A bottle of penicillin contains 1,000,000 IU of dry medicine. How much solvent do you need to take in 0.5 ml. the solution was 100,000 IU of dry matter.

100,000 IU of dry matter - 0.5 ml. dry matter

1,000,000 UNITS - X ml. solvent

Answer: that in 0.5 ml of solution there were 100,000 units. dry matter must be taken 5 ml. solvent.

Example: 3

The bottle of oxacillin contains 0.25 g of dry drug. How much solvent do you need to take in 1 ml. the solution was 0.1 g of dry matter.

1 ml. solution - 0.1 g

X ml. - 0.25 g.

Answer: to 1 ml. the solution was 0.1 g of dry matter, you need to take 2.5 ml. solvent.

Example: 4

The patient needs to enter 400,000 units. penicillin. Bottle of 1,000,000 U. Dilute 1: 1.

How many ml. solution must be taken.

At a dilution of 1: 1 in 1 ml. solution contains 100,000 units. 1 bottle of penicillin, 1,000,000 U each. dilute 10 ml. solution.

If the patient needs to enter 400,000 units, then you need to take 4 ml. the resulting solution.

Attention! Before using medications, you should consult your doctor. The information is provided for information only.