A million people. Million people Multiples and submultiples

physical unit - unit of physical quantity unit of measurement unit of quantity unita Physical quantity of a fixed size, which is conventionally assigned a numerical value equal to 1, and used to quantify physical homogeneous with it ... ...

Unit of measurement on the genetic map - * adzinka extinction on a genetic cradle * map unit a unit of measurement of the genetic distance between two linked genes, equal to 1% of the frequency of recombinations (see), or one santimorganide (cM) (. Morgan unit) ... Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary

signal strength unit - The logarithmic unit of the signal power in relation to 1 milliwatt (1 mW \u003d 0 dBm, 0.001 mW \u003d 30 dBm). Information technology topics in general EN dBm ... Technical translator's guide

unit of measurement for baud rate - A unit of measurement of the transmission rate equal to the number of changes in the state of the communication channel per second (for the modem, the actual carrier frequency during data transmission). Named after the French inventor of the telegraph apparatus, Baudot. Bod often ... ... Technical translator's guide

A quantity that determines the amount of products produced. These values \u200b\u200bare presented in the form: 1. Natural units: pieces, meters, tons, etc. 2. Conventionally natural units, calculated by the amount of one type of product, properties ... ... Business glossary

unit of measurement - a specific quantity, determined and established by agreement, with which other quantities of the same kind are compared in order to express their size in relation to the indicated quantity ... Source: RECOMMENDATION No. 20 of the European ... ... Official terminology

Physical unit of measurement - a physical quantity of a fixed size, which is conventionally assigned a numerical value equal to 1, and used to quantify physical quantities that are homogeneous with it ... Source: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTERSTATE STANDARDIZATION. ... ... Official terminology

unit of measure for production equipment capacity - The values \u200b\u200btaken as the basis for measuring the performance of the equipment per unit of time. Constructive form of E.i.m.p.o. usually represented by a combination of units of measure, volume, weight, length, etc. and units of time (for example, for a coal miner 1 t ... Technical translator's guide

transportation unit - A unit that allows you to measure the mass of transported goods and passengers and the distance of transportation. The total mass of transported goods is measured in tons, and for individual consignments of goods and in kilograms. Weight of gas pumped through the gas pipeline ... ... Technical translator's guide

A ton of fuel equivalent (t.f.) is a unit of energy equal to 29.3 MJ / kg; is defined as the amount of energy released during the combustion of 1 ton of fuel with a heating value of 7000 kcal / kg (corresponds to the typical heating value of coal).

Fuel economy from the use of combustible VER is determined by the formula:

Kg eq, (3.3.3)

where is the heat of the combustible VER used for the billing period (decade, month, quarter, year);

–Heat of combustion of the equivalent fuel, \u003d 29.3 MJ / kg;

ή 1 - fuel utilization factor (FU) in the furnace when operating on VER fuel;

ή 2 - KIT in the furnace when operating on substituted fuel.

The amount of fuel economy when using waste heat boilers can be determined by the formula:

Kg standard fuel , (3.3.4)

where is the heat of waste gases passing through the waste heat boiler during the period of calculating the fuel economy;

–Thermal efficiency waste heat boiler, o.e.;

–Thermal efficiency fuel boiler replaced by a waste heat boiler, p.u.

In ferrous metallurgy, up to 10% of imported fuel (natural gas, fuel oil, coal) is saved annually due to the use of thermal RES. The amount of heat generated due to the utilization of VER in the total balance of consumption of metallurgical plants is 30%, and at some plants up to 70%.

Utilization of the heat of incandescent coke.The heat of incandescent coke is used in dry coke quenching units (USTK), see fig. 3.3.9.

Figure: 3.3.9. Schematic diagram of a dry coke quenching unit.

Legend for Figure 3.3.8:

1 - hot coke feed unit; 2 - outlet of cooled coke; 3 - dry quenching chamber, which includes (positions 4-7: 4 - prechamber for receiving incandescent coke; 5 - oblique gas channels for gas outlet; 6 - dry quenching zone; 7 - gas supply and gas distribution device; 8 - dust collection chamber; 9 - waste heat boiler (positions 10-16): 10 - feed pump; 11 - economizer; 12 - separator drum; 13 - circulation pump; 14 - evaporating heating surfaces; 15 - superheater; 16 - superheated steam outlet; 17 - sedimentation cyclone; 18 - exhauster, providing circulation of cooling gas; 19 - removal of coke breeze and dust.

Usinggas utilization compressorless turbines.

Gas utilization compressorless turbines (GUBT) are turbo expanders operating on the excess pressure of gas generated during the smelting of pig iron in blast furnaces and during gas reduction on main gas pipelines. The first metallurgical plant in the world to implement a project with a GUBT with a 6 MW radial turbine was the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. In 2002, at OJSC Severstal on a blast furnace of 5500 m 3, GUBT-25 was put into operation, jointly developed and manufactured by CJSC Nevsky Zavod and the German company Zimmerman and Yanzen.

From the point of view of energy saving in the gas transmission system, the utilization of energy of excess pressure of natural gas in a turboexpander is very promising today. In the gas industry, turbo expanders are used for:

1) start-up of a gas turbine unit of a gas-pumping unit, as well as for turning its rotor when stopped (in order to cool it); in this case, the turboexpander operates on the transported gas and is released after the turbine into the atmosphere;

2) cooling natural gas (during its expansion in a turbine) in installations for its liquefaction;

3) cooling of natural gas in installations for its "field" preparation for transport through the pipeline system (removal of moisture by freezing it out, etc.).

4) drive a high-pressure compressor to supply gas to peak storage;

5) electricity generation at gas distribution stations (GDS) of the natural gas transport system to its consumers using the gas pressure difference between high and low pressure pipelines in the turbine.

According to experts, in the territory of the Russian Federation there are about 600 objects - gas distribution stations and hydraulic fracturing, which have conditions for the construction and operation of turbo expanders with a capacity of 1-3 MW, which can generate up to 15 billion kWh of electricity per year.

and)At the opportunity cost, determine the suitability of these resources for the production of good X. b)Create a table and graph production capabilities, assuming that all resources are initially used to produce manufactured goods (Y). Does the law of increasing opportunity costs apply in this case?

at)If 180 units are produced. t. Y and 100 units. T. X, is the use of resources efficient?

d)What is the problem of choice? How resources should be allocated to ensure the production of 140 units. T. X? 240 units T. X?

2. What is the difference between the concepts of "demand" and "quantity of demand"; "Supply" and "supply value". Present the following situations graphically and explain: and) "Increased demand leads to increased supply." b)“For a number of years, car prices have been rising, but every year people have bought more cars”: does this mean that the law of demand is not valid? at)As prices for video cameras go down, the demand for them grows. d) The growth of production in the construction industry has led to an increase in demand in the labor market for construction specialties. e) Growth in income leads to a decrease in the demand for low-quality goods.

3. Explain, taking into account the elasticity of demand, for which of the listed goods it is profitable to increase the price and for which - to reduce:

and)sugar; b)oranges; at)cigarettes; d)jewelry; e)rock star concert tickets; e)cars; g)household appliances; h)basic food products.

4. The consumer spends $ 23 per week to buy T. A and T. V.

and)Is this set in equilibrium? b)How should the consumer change the quantity of c. A and c. B to achieve equilibrium and maximize utility? at) How much will the total utility increase with an equilibrium set?

5. The consumer can purchase a maximum of 10 cassettes (T.X) or 15 magazines (T.Y). Price P x \u200b\u200b\u003d $ 3. and)Determine the consumer's income I \u003d? and the price of goods Р Y \u003d? b)Draw up a table of the consumer's budgetary capacity, taking into account the market replacement rate N s xy and draw a graph at)Complete the drawing with a map of indifference curves and determine the set corresponding to the consumer balance. d)Is the consumer's optimum achieved if the indifference graph is given by the function Y \u003d 48 / X? Y \u003d 54 / X? Y \u003d 72 / X?

6. The entrepreneur opened a workshop for the repair of household appliances. He pays for the rent of the premises 0.5 tons. rubles, the necessary tools and devices purchased in the amount of 10t. rub. Previously, as a seller, he received 2.5 tons of rubles. Having gone into business, he began to receive income (accounting profit) in the amount of 4t. rub. He estimates a normal profit at RUB 1.5 t. The real bank interest rate is 10%.

and)What are its external and internal costs? Is he making an economic profit? b) What revenue should he receive in order to stay in this field of activity?

7. According to the schedule, determine: and)What type of market does the firm operate in?

b)What volume of production will the company choose in case of minimizing losses; profit maximization? at)Explain the rule of optimal production (profit maximization).

d)Explain, taking into account the values \u200b\u200bthat are marked on the graph, which is more profitable in case of losses: to continue production or to stop production? e) Calculate the amount of losses in one and the other situation.

8. The demand function for the monopoly Q D \u003d 13- P. Make a table. Draw a graph. and)Determine the elastic demand area. What is the maximum volume the firm could produce as a rational entity? b)Determine the amount of marginal income MR at different prices. Why, under monopoly conditions, MR and price P do not coincide?

at)The marginal cost function is MC \u003d 1 + Q. Fixed costs are equal to FC \u003d 10 dollars. Determine the price and volume of production that will maximize your profit. d)Explain why the monopoly is accused of inefficient use of resources and high prices? How much and at what price could a competitive firm sell?

9. The firm operates in perfect competition, produces products at a price of $ 2. Labor and capital are bought at the price P L \u003d 8 dollars and P C \u003d 12 dollars.

and)Supplement the table with the necessary indicators and determine the minimization of costs in the production of 56 units of products. b)Will the production of 56 units bring the maximum profit?

a) there is unemployment at a given rate of salary;

b) the wage rate coincides with the marginal cost;

c) everyone can find a job at a given salary rate;

d) the marginal yield of MRP (L) is equalized with the salary rate.

OPTION 15

1. There are three factories that produce parts of 2 types A and B. The first can produce a maximum of 50 units. A or 20 units. B, the second - 40 units. A or 80 units. B, third - 60 units. A or 40 units. AT.

and)At the opportunity cost, determine which enterprise is more efficient in the production of parts A; parts B? b)Create a table and graph the production capabilities of these three facilities. at)Does the law of increase in opportunity costs apply when commodity B increases?

2. The demand function for potatoes has the form Q d \u003d 240-20P, and the supply function Q s \u003d - 30 + 10P. Determine the balance analytically, from a table, graphically. and)If, in the event of a crop failure, sellers offer 20 kg of potatoes, will they be able to sell this amount at the current price? b)If not, how is the equilibrium restored taking into account dynamic market equilibrium models. Is the equilibrium sustainable over the long term? at)What factors influence the change in market equilibrium? d)What could be the consequences of state regulation of prices in this market?

3. Determinetrue and false statements. Calculate the metrics needed to justify your answer and illustrate graphically.

AND. The price elasticity coefficient is 0.2. Sellers have increased the price of the product by 10%. As a result of this decision: a) the amount of demand increased, but the revenue decreased; b) the amount of demand has decreased and revenue has decreased; d) the amount of demand has decreased, but the revenue has increased.

B. Given the elasticity and inelasticity of demand, it is not profitable to reduce prices for: a) luxury goods; b) for essential goods; c) for goods with substitutes.

AT.Growth in demand in the vegetable market a) in the shortest possible period will only lead to an increase in prices, the supply is absolutely inelastic; b) in the long run, supply will increase, and prices will decline to their original level.

4. Based on the table, determine how many apples the consumer will buy:

and) if it is known how the marginal utility changes; b)if the price of apples is known P \u003d 6 rubles; 8rub; 2 rubles? Explain based on the graph. Why is the marginal utility schedule the basis of the demand schedule? at)What is the consumer's gain and what is it equal to, for example, at a price of 6 rubles?

5. Use the data in the table to build a graph of indifference.

and)Consumer income I \u003d 32 rubles, and the prices of goods P x \u003d 2 rubles, P Y \u003d 4 rubles. Draw up a budget opportunity table, draw a budget line. Determine the equilibrium set and MRS XY at equilibrium conditions. How will the consumer's equilibrium change if the price of com. X will increase by 2 times; commodity price Y will decrease by 2 times; income I will increase 2 times or both prices and income will increase 2 times?

6. You left work with a payment of 5000 rubles. and created their own company. We used our own funds in the amount of 40,000 rubles to purchase tools and equipment. The bank interest rate on deposits is 10%. Payment for raw materials, materials amounted to 12,000 rubles, two employees were paid a salary of 10,000 rubles. At the end of the period, the accounting profit was 6000 rubles. You have determined the normal profit in the amount of 3000 rubles.

and)Determine the amount of total income; accounting and economic costs, economic profit. b) Is this venture profitable?

7. Calculate fixed, variable, marginal costs using the original data. Draw a graph.

and)Explain the nature of the change in costs in the short run.

b) Why are the costs per unit of production very high at the beginning, with small production volumes, and further, with significant volumes? at)If the market price is $ 7, can the firm make a profit? d)What is the best volume for a given price?

8. Monopoly sells the first unit for $ 12. The number of sales increases by 1 unit. when the price changes by $ 1. The marginal cost for the first unit is MC \u003d $ 2 and then increases by $ 1 for each additional unit of production. Fixed costs FC \u003d 16. and)Determine the volume of production and the price at which the profit is maximized. b)What is the difference between monopoly and perfect competition? Why is the monopoly accused of high prices and inefficient allocation of resources? What price and volume of production would be typical for a competitive firm? at)What is the essence of state regulation of prices under monopoly conditions.

9. Using the concept of present value, determine in which cases investing money is profitable?

AND. The investments of the company in opening a new enterprise are equal to 17 thousand. USD Future income is 20 thousand dollars, interest rate -10% per annum. What is the present value of future income, if expected: in one year? in two years? Is this project profitable?

B.The organization can make investments in the amount of 7000 dollars. The expected income at the end of the second year should be $ 10,000. The interest rate is 20% per annum. Which firm will the organization provide funds, provided that:

For the first company - initially gives 5000 dollars. and at the beginning of the next. g. 2000 dollars.

For the second company - initially it gives out 2000 dollars. and at the beginning of the next. g. 5000 USD

10. The salary rate of the first employee in the monopsony market is equal to $ 3 and then increases by $ 1 for each additional employee. and) Draw up a function and table of labor supply and marginal cost, draw a graph. b) How many workers will the firm employ if the marginal profitability function MRP L \u003d 17-2L. How many workers, and at what salary rate, would be employed in a competitive environment? What are the labor market implications of union monopoly?

All-Russian classifier of units of measurement

All-Russian classifier of units of measurement (Okei) is a part of the Unified System of Classification and Coding of Technical, Economic and Social Information of the Russian Federation (ESKK).

Okei is intended for use in solving problems of quantitative assessment of technical, economic and social indicators in order to carry out state accounting and reporting, analysis and forecasting of economic development, ensure international statistical comparisons, carry out domestic and foreign trade, state regulation of foreign economic activity and organize customs control. The objects of classification in Okei are the units of measure used in these fields of activity.

Date of placement in the database 01.06.2009

Relevance of the classifier: including changes 7/2000, approved. Gosstandart RF

Shown 460 records

International units of measurement included in the ESKK

National units of measurement included in the ESKK

{!LANG-1c98e61b73b85295783971c643afa7e6!}

• {!LANG-9f4a5099db68efc12ecbd5930bd4bcb5!}
• {!LANG-58a8acd8cefb1654e910213591971057!}
• {!LANG-d6b46009cfbb1eca7e53ff4b8ab19c27!}
• {!LANG-5a36928f33d702505f4fa7b11cad870b!}

{!LANG-cc57b3a10131ef4f093143eabee38616!}

• {!LANG-ad9271041b4100ed43330bf9f8fdae3b!}
• {!LANG-63f3a0ec20b6262bf802d621c29f0204!} {!LANG-5d928e482166be982fe9b6b4dfd7ecc3!}{!LANG-3095aca39c6e12d4ff29dc706b7d7820!}

{!LANG-b43640374a3b8d55d83056b385de356a!}

{!LANG-71ab628501b1091e5f6fe4d84e56ab1c!}

{!LANG-abcfa840e8184ae39d36aae0874dfbc1!}

{!LANG-ed230cc321d5d289ad09da2168e08c52!}

{!LANG-d0f72cef0a16d7444c8d8d233f903379!}

{!LANG-26325f448df6224bc6d47f6cdec01ab0!}

{!LANG-3892b086083a0a8a1d6265e84644ba6a!}

{!LANG-5d531cc38618ac734b8927da31b998b1!}

{!LANG-24274e6743a45efa531d2542c1abdcf9!}

{!LANG-0e079e31643c36e2ac42d8f57906b441!}

{!LANG-2b183523c5395a3ff1f709dd37d14198!}

• {!LANG-9352ad9ee0c779338a3908ef182c4d5b!}
• {!LANG-84401dd677aa5ff0e2977b6ab9b4b7f1!}