Passive verbs in French. The passive voice of the French language is easy! Être is used in the same mood and tense as the active verb

The passive voice in French is. The passive form of the verb in French is not very difficult, the main thing is to carefully study the rules and methods of forming the voice and understand them.

The French passive voice is often called passive.

What is the passive voice in French

If in a sentence the subject does not itself perform the action expressed by the predicate, but undergoes it from the side of another person or object, then in this case we are talking about a passive or passive voice.

Passive voice french can be expressed in several ways:

The first way: thanks to the indefinite-personal pronoun construction On:

• On vend des cigarettes, des journaux et des revues dans ce kiosque. - AT this kiosk sold cigarettes, newspapers and magazines.
• On prend le taxi pour aller à l'aéroport. - Take a taxi to get to the airport.
• On discute cette nouvelle toute la soirée. - This news discussed whole evening.
• On prépare le déjeuner à deux heures. - Lunch preparing at two hours.
• On produit les instruments de la construction dans cette usine. - On this factory produced construction tools.

Second way: put the verb in the pronoun (reflexive) form:

• Les cigarettes, les journaux et les revues ce vendent dans ce kiosque. - Cigarettes, newspapers and magazines sold at this kiosk.
• Letaxiseprendpouraller àl ’aé
• Cette nouvelle se discute toute la soirée. - This news discussed whole evening.
• Le déjeuner se prépare à deux heures. - Lunch preparing at two hours.
• Les instruments de la construction se produisent dans cette usine. - Construction tools produced on this factory.

Third way: the passive voice is formed using the passive form of the verb:

• Les cigarettes, les journaux et les revues sont vendus dans ce kiosque. - Cigarettes, newspapers and magazines sold at this kiosk.
• Letaxiestprispouraller àl ’aéroport. - Taxis are taken to get to the airport.
• Cette nouvelle est discutée toute la soirée. - This news discussed whole evening.
• Le déjeuner est préparé à deux heures. - Lunch preparing at two hours.
• Les instruments de la construction sont produits dans cette usine. - Construction tools produced on this factory.

How to form a passive verb correctly

The formation scheme of the passive form is as follows:

Verb ê treat the appropriate time + participle (Participepassé)conjugated verb.

The verb être is put in the same mood and tense as the verb in the active voice.

Let's take, for example, a sentence in a real, that is, in an active voice and change it into a passive voice at different times:

Je plante une fleur. - I'm planting a flower.

• La fleur est plantée par moi. - The flower was planted by me. (présent)
• La fleur a été plantée par moi. - The flower was planted by me. (passé composé)
• La fleur fut plantée par moi. - The flower was planted by me. (passé simple)
• La fleur était plantée par moi. - The flower was planted by me. (imparfait)
• La fleur avait été plantée par moi. - The flower was planted by me. (plus que parfait)
• La fleur sera plantée par moi. - The flower will be planted by me. ( futur simple)
• La fleur serait plantée par moi. - The flower will be planted by me. (futur dans le passé)
• La fleur vient d'être plantée par moi. - The flower has just been planted by me. (passé immédiat)
• La fleur va être plantée par moi. - The flower will now be planted by me. (futur immédiat)
• La fleur venait d'être plantée par moi. - The flower was just planted by me. (passé immédiat dans le passé)
• La fleur allait être plantée par moi. - The flower will be planted by me soon. (futur immédiat dans le passé)
• La fleur eut été plantée par moi. - The flower was planted by me. (passé antérieur)
• La fleur aura été plantée par moi. - The flower will be planted by me. (futur antérieur)

Participle Participe passé is consistent in gender and number with the subject... This means that it is put in the same gender and number (in the feminine gender, the ending is added - e; plural ending - s; feminine plural the ending is added - es). For instance:

• Les usines étaient reconstruites. - Plants were rebuilt.
• Les boî tes seront apportées demain. - Boxes will be brought tomorrow.
• La table est remise dans une autre place. - Table rearranged at other a place.
• La maison est achetée par mes parents. - House bought my parents.
• Les ordinateurs sont déconnectés. - Computers off.

Before the indirect object, which indicates who or what is performing the action, the prepositions par or de... In most cases of the passive voice, the preposition is used par. For instance:

• Ce bâ timent est construit par notre entreprise. - It building built our enterprise.
• Cette robe est achetée par ma mère. - It dress bought my mom.
• Les articles ont été écrits par nos collaborateurs. - Articles were written our staff.
• La compétition était ouverte par nos sportifs. - The competition was opened by our athletes.
• Ce travail est terminé par moi. - This Job finished me.

As for the preposition de, then it is used after verbs that express feelings or assessment:

• aimé de ... - favorite
• admiré de ... - admired
• adoré de ... - adored
• apprécié de… - rated
• estimé de ... - dear
• respecté de ... - dear
• préféré de ... - preferred
• fatigué de ... - tired
• lassé de ... - tired
• connu de ... - familiar, famous
• détesté de ... - hated
• haï de ... - hated

For instance:

• Jeannette est aimée et respectée de tous ses collègues. - Jeanette loved and respected by all by their colleagues.
• Cette jeune fille est admirée de tout le monde. - This young girl all admire.
• Notre fils est adoré de toute notre famille. - Our son adore the whole our family.
• Mon travail a été apprécié de mon chef. - My Job was appreciated my the chef.
• Les personnesâ gés doiventê tre respectées de nous. - Seniors people should to be respected us.
• Le thé vert est préféré de ma mère. - My mum prefers green tea.
• Michel est fatigué de tous ces problèmes. - Michelle tired from all these problems.
• Cet intérpréteur est connu de tout le monde. - This executor sign all.

Also, the preposition de used after expressions, if the addition that comes after them does not itself produce an action. In this case, the plural indefinite article and the partial article are not preceded by the addition:

• accompagné de ... - accompanied
• bordé de ... - bordered
• couvert de ... - covered
• décoré de… - decorated
• entouré de ... - surrounded
• équipé de ... - equipped
• précédé de ... - previous
• rempli de ... - filled
• planté de… - seated
• suivi de ... - persecuted

For instance:

• J'ai été accompagné de mon copain. - I was accompanied by my friend.
• La table est couverte d'une serviette. covered tablecloth.
• La serviette est décorée d'une broderie. - Tablecloth decorated embroidery.
• Le bâ timent est entouré d'un mur. - Building surrounded by wall.
• Le garçon a été équipé de tout le nécessaire. - Boy was equipped all necessary.
• Le verre est rempli de l'eau. - Glass filled with water.
• La rue est plantée de fleurs. - The street seated flowers.
• Je suis suivi de mon ami. - My friend follows me.

If the action is performed by the complement, then in this case the preposition is put par: Lasalle amanger a été ornée par lesenfants. - The dining room was decorated with children.

In French, the active form of the verb is preferred. The passive form is used when they want to emphasize either the agent of the action, or the result of the action.

The passive voice in French is easy to learn with just a little practice. We wish you good luck!

§ 1 Passive form of the verb in French

You have probably already heard such expressions as active and passive form. In Russian, they are correctly called pledges. In French, as in Russian, verbs have two voice:

active voice, that is, the active form, when the subject itself performs the action.

For example, J'écris une lettre. I'm writing a letter. Who - I am, what I do - I write, that is, I myself perform the action.

And the passive voice, that is, the passive form, when the subject experiences an action. Let's convert the previous sentence into a passive form: The letter is written. La lettre est écrite. What is a letter, a letter what is done is written. A letter cannot write itself, but it can BE written by someone else.

In the formation of the passive form in French, this verb - to be - plays one of the important roles. In French, the passive form, that is, the passive voice, is formed using the verb être, which is put at the right time and the participe passé of the main verb. True, it is very similar to the formation of the past tense passé composé. Therefore, it is also important to remember that verbs conjugated in passé composé with the auxiliary verb être do not have a passive voice.

Compare:

L'enfantest restéchez sa grand-mère. The child stayed with his grandmother. est resté this time passé composé. We can make the child an object of action and say: The child was left with his grandmother, but then, as in Russian, in French we need not an active verb to remain - rester, but a passive verb to leave - laisser.

Take a look:

L'enfantest laisséchez sa grand-mère. est laissé is already a passive form. The child will be left to the grandmother.

So, in the passive voice, the subject experiences the action, but does not perform it.

For instance:

Je suis invitéà une exposition. I am invited to the exhibition.

That is, I was not inviting someone, but I was invited. Who invited to the exhibition in this proposal is not known.

But if the sentence contains an indication of a person or object performing the action, it is often introduced using the preposition par.

Ce romana été écritparJules Verne. This novel was written by Jules Verne.

In this phrase, the verb être is in the past tense a été.

It is worth noting that for some verbs, such as:

Ce professeurest respectédeces élèves. This teacher is respected by our students. Les ruessont couvertes deneige. The streets are covered with snow.

There is one more rule that is important to remember when studying the topic Passive form.

In the last example, Les rues sont couvertésde neige, we see that the past participle, that is, the participe passé of the verb, agrees in gender and number with the word being defined. There are many streets, so in the passive turnover sont couvertеs there is an s at the end. In addition, in French, the street is also female, therefore, in the turnover sont couvertеs to s there is also the letter e - the feminine indicator in French.

Here are some more examples.

La dictée est corrigéepar le professeur. The dictation was corrected by the teacher. The word "dictation" in French is feminine, so in the past participle corrigé we put an additional, unreadable e at the end.

Or, Les vacances ont été gâchéespar la pluie. The vacation was ruined by the rain.

Les vacances is feminine and plural in French, so we put es in participe passé gâchées at the end.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you of the conjugation of the verb être in three basic tenses: présent, passé composé, futur simple. After all, as you have already noticed in our examples, a sentence is not always built in the present tense, but can stand in the past and in the future.

Let's compare three sentences.

Presently présent: Le sapinest décorépar les enfants. The tree is decorated with children.

In the past tense passé composé: Le sapina été décorépar les enfants. The tree was decorated with Future tense futur simple: Le sapin sera décorépar les enfants. Christmas tree will be decorated with

§ 2 Brief summary of the lesson

Thus, the passive voice formepassive in French is formed using the verb être, which stands in the right tense and the past participle of the main verb participepassé, which agrees in gender and number with the noun being defined. I hope you figured out the intricacies and nuances of this topic. And you will use the passive form. After all, sometimes you just can't do without it.

List of used literature:

1. French. Great reference book for schoolchildren and those entering universities / E.V. Ageeva, L.M. Belyaeva, V.G. Vladimirova et al. - M .: Bustard, 2005.-349, p. - (Great reference books for schoolchildren and those entering universities.)
2. Le petit Larousse illustré / HER2000
3. E. M. Beregovskaya, M. Toussaint. Blue bird. A teacher's book for a French language textbook for grade 6 of general education institutions.
4. Gak, V.G. new French-Russian dictionary / V.G. Gak, K.A. Ganshin. - 10th ed., Stereotype. –M .: Rus.yaz.-Media, 2005.- XVI, 1160, p.
5. E. M. Beregovskaya. Blue bird. French. 6th grade. Textbook for educational institutions.

Used images:

If the subject does not itself perform the action expressed by the predicate, but undergoes it from the side of another person or object, then we are talking about the passive voice. The passive voice in French can be expressedusing the passive form of the verb:Les journaux et les revues sont vendus dans ce kiosque. - Newspapers and magazines are sold at this kiosk.

Passive form formation:

verb être at the right time + participle (participe passé conjugated verb.

The participle agrees in gender and number with the subject, i.e. is put in the same gender and number (the ending is added to the g.r. -e, plural - -s, in f.r. plural -es):: Les villes sont reconstruit es (plural plural). - Cities are being rebuilt.

Before the indirect object indicating who or what is performing the action, prepositions are used par or de.In most cases, it is used par: Les maisons sont bâties par les maçons. (Houses are built by masons).

Pretext deused after verbs:

1) expressing feelings or appreciation:aimé de ..., admiré de..., adoré de… , apprécié de… , estimé de… , respecté de… , préféré de… , fatigué de ...,lassé de ...,connu de… , détesté de… , haï de… etc.:

Elle est aimée et estimée de tous ses collègues. - She is loved and respected by all colleagues.

2) after accompagné de…, bordé de…, couvert de…, décoré de…, entouré de…, équipé de…, précédé de…, rempli de…, planté de…, suivi de…if the addition after them does not itself perform the action:

Les rues sont couvertes de neige. - The streets are covered with snow.

In this case, the plural indefinite article and the partial article are not used before the addition.

If the action is performed by the complement, the preposition is putpar: La salle a été ornée par les élèves. - The hall is decorated with students.

"Voix passive - passive voice"

- Le professeur interroge l'étudiant. (active form)

- L'étudiant est interrogé par le professeur. (passive form)

- The professor asks the student.

As a rule, only those transitive French verbs that are used with a direct object (that is, without prepositions) can take the passive form.
Passive Formation occurs with an auxiliary verb être and participe passé semantic verb. Forms être consistent with the subject in person and number, forms participe passé - in gender and number.
The tense of the passive verb is determined by the tense of the auxiliary verb être .

Rules for transferring an active structure to a passive one:

1. When transferring an active structure to a passive one, the active verb becomes passive verb; the subject of the active construction becomes expressing the producer of the action:

Active construction :
Anne mange la pomme. - Ann is eating an apple.
¯¯¯¯¯ ˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜

Passive construction:
La pomme est mangée par Anne. - The apple (was) eaten by Anna.
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜

- On a construit cette maison l'été dernier.
- This house was built last summer.

- Cette maison a été construite l'été dernier.
- This house was built last summer.

- On doit acheter ces livres.
- We must (we must) buy these books.

- Ces livres doivent être achetés.
- These books must be purchased.

- Le directeur va me recevoir.
- The director will see me soon.

- Je vais être reçu par le directeur.
- I will soon be accepted by the director.

The choice of a preposition before the indirect object of a passive verb expressing the producer of the action:

- Cette le ttre a été écrite par mon adjoint.
- This letter was written by my deputy.

- L'enfant a été mordu par le chien de garde.
- The child was bitten by a guard dog.

2. Preposition de used more often in cases where the object, expressed by an indirect object, does not play an active role. For instance:
- after verbs expressing feelings or thought processes ( aimer, respecter, estimer, adorer, détester, haïr, mépriser, conn a ître, oublier, ignorer and etc.):

- Mon chef est respecté de tous.
- Everyone respects my boss.

- Elle est accompagné de son mari.
- She is accompanied by her husband.

- Le conseil de sécurité fut saisi de la demande de la Grande-Bretagne.
- Great Britain has submitted its question to the Security Council.

- La place était couverte par une foule.
- The area was covered with a crowd.

- La plaine était couverte d "une neige profonde.
- The plain was covered with deep snow.

Features of using the passive form:

- Le travail est fait depuis une heure.
- Work done (\u003d work done) an hour ago.

- Le travail est fait sous mes yeux par des ouvriers.
- Work is done by workers in front of my eyes (that is, now).