Smolensk lakeside. Guide to the "Smolensk Lake District": from an overnight stay to bison. When is the best time to go

The Smolenskoe Poozerie National Park was formed in 1992, but the preconditions for its formation arose much earlier.

The territory on which the NP is now located has long experienced serious anthropogenic pressure. The places here are wooded, and for the Russian people the forest is building materials, firewood, and other related benefits. In addition, the presence of a large number of lakes has always been conducive to uncontrolled fishing and "wild" rest. Due to these circumstances, in 1978, the Kurov-Borsky reserve of regional significance was created here on an area of \u200b\u200b124 thousand hectares. Unfortunately, the creation of the reserve did not lead, as expected, to a decrease in the forestry and recreational pressure of man on the natural complex of Poozerie, and in the mid-1980s. Serious disputes have flared up again about the prospects for preserving this unique corner of the Smolensk region. Proposals were made up to the creation of a full-fledged state reserve. Most actively and consistently, the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a high-rank specially protected natural area (SPNA) in the Smolensk region was defended by a group of scientists from the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute, headed by Professor N.D. Kruglov, as well as local historian V.M. Gavrilenkov.

Upon completion of the design work and various approvals on April 15, 1992, by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on the area of \u200b\u200b146,237 hectares, including part of the lands of the Demidov and Dukhovshchinsky districts, the state natural national park "Smolenskoe Poozerie" was created. The first director of the new federal state institution was S.M. Volkov, who headed it from 1992 to 2005. At present, the park is headed by A.S. Kochergin, the institution is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.

The park included forestry lands, state farm forests, water resources, as well as agricultural land without withdrawing them from economic use. Forest in the park covers 107,563 hectares, swamps occupy 2940, lakes - 1608, rivers - 468 hectares. The protected zone is 500 m of the territory, adjacent to the border of the park on all sides. In total, there are about 120 settlements on the territory of the NP, in which 4800 people live permanently. The main settlement of the NP is the resort village of Przhevalskoe, in which the main administrative building of Smolensk Poozerie is located.

The main tasks of the NP include the preservation of species and landscape diversity, ensuring the sustainable use of renewable natural resources, environmental education and promotion of ideas for nature protection, preservation of historical and cultural sites, creating conditions for regulated tourism and recreation in natural conditions, environmental monitoring, introduction of scientific methods of nature protection and environmental education, restoration of damaged natural and historical-cultural complexes and objects. The tasks are serious, and taking into account the fact that in 2002 the NP was included in the list of UNESCO biosphere reserves, they have significantly expanded. The park has become more actively integrated into the local community by promoting its economic and social development.

Geologically, the NP territory was formed under the influence of changes associated with tectonic movements, the activity of glaciers and melted glacial waters. In most of the current territory of the park, there were at least three glaciers. The territory of the park is characterized by a variety of landforms, rarely found within a relatively small area. Along with various forms of glacial relief, there are moraine plains typical of the Valdai glaciation.

In general, the NP territory belongs to the Western Dvina basin. There are practically no transit rivers here, which excludes the possibility of contamination of the park's water bodies from outside. The main river of the park is Elsha, flowing from the lake. Petrakovsky; its basin occupies about 80% of the park's area, and its length within the park is about 60 km.

The most valuable natural complexes of the NP include 35 lakes. Most of them are glacial, and only three lakes are karst reservoirs. The most interesting is the central group of lakes, located in a preglacial basin and separated by lake ridges. These include lakes Chistik, Bolshoe and Maloe Strechnye, Mutnoe, Dolgoe, Glubokoe, Krugloye; each has distinct individual characteristics.

So, Chistik Lake has a constant groundwater supply. The lake is surrounded on all sides by sandy ridges, and there is almost no surface catchment in it. The transparency of the water in Chistik throughout the year is not less than 4-6 m. The picturesque landscape, the rugged bottom relief, clear water attract fishermen and lovers of underwater hunting. Lake Rytoye is characterized by beautiful, comfortable beaches for recreation, and is one of the most stocked lakes in the park. The largest number of fishermen visit this particular reservoir. The largest body of water in the park (304 hectares) is Lake Sapsho. In the past, the lake was very rich in fish. Well, the most fishy body of the park is Lake Dgo, which stretches for almost five kilometers from north to south. It is rich in large bream, roach, pike, burbot, rudd. The deepest (29 m) lake in the NP is Baklanovskoye. Underwater "banks", stone ridges, extensive sandy-muddy stretches make the lake attractive for tourists and fishermen. Lake Petrovskoe (Lososno) connects with Lake Baklanovsky channel.

At the bottom of Lake Mutnoye, deposits of sediments were discovered that have balneological properties and are used to treat vacationers in the sanatorium named after N.M. Przhevalsky. Several lakes are included in the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe national park. Lakes Loshamye and Bolshoe Strechnoye are distinguished by high water transparency. In lakes Dolgoe, Krugloye, Glubokoe and Gniloe, two species of molluscs were found, the habitation of which in Russia was noted only in these reservoirs. In the center of the Vervizhsky moss peat bog, there are residual reservoirs - the Vervizhskoe, Paltsevskoe and Beloe lakes.

The area of \u200b\u200bbog massifs (33 of them) is about 10% of the NP area. Most of the peat bogs were formed by swamping lakes left after the retreat of the glacier. The Vervizh peat bog is one of the large bogs in the region, which affects the water balance of large areas and forms a specific climate in the area.

The territory of the park is located in the zone of broadleaf-spruce forests, among which there are no virgin forests. Forests bear traces of ancient fires, some of them have been restored on the site of abandoned arable lands. The primary forest-forming species is spruce (16%), pine is 12%. Broad-leaved forests (oak, elm, ash) are represented by fragments. There are linden plantations.

Floristically, the NP is of undoubted value: to date, more than 900 species of higher vascular plants have been recorded on its territory. This is a serious indicator, given that a total of 1225 species are recorded in the Smolensk region, and the national park occupies only 5% of the region's territory. The flora of the park includes 65 species listed in the Red Book of the Smolensk Region, and 10 species - in the Red Book of Russia.

The fauna of the NP is typical for forest fauna. 10 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 228 species of birds, 48 \u200b\u200bspecies of mammals were recorded. A typical representative of ungulates is the elk. The number of roe deer has increased significantly in recent years. The wild boar in the local forests received a "permanent residence permit" only in the post-war years, but now wild boars are found everywhere within the park. The territory of the park is distinguished by a wide distribution of beaver settlements. You can meet a wolf here; the bear in the NP is more common than in other areas of the region. The lynx, raccoon dog, ferret, ermine, weasel, fox were noted among the predators within the NP.

At the moment, the ichthyofauna of the NP water bodies includes 36 species of fish, its basis is carp. Roach, bream, dace, chub, rudd, bleak, as well as pike, perch, and ruff are widespread. Unfortunately, as a result of human economic activity, eel, brown trout, and trout have practically disappeared. But the restoration of the populations of the sculpin goby and the brook lamprey began.

The avifauna of Poozerie is heterogeneous in origin, it was formed from the species of the taiga complex, inhabitants of deciduous forests, open spaces, and wetlands. More than two-thirds of the bird fauna (185 species) is nesting, more than 100 bird species are found on migration, about 60 species winter. 57 species of birds live in the park throughout the year. 18 bird species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, 26 species are included in the Red Book of the Smolensk Region.

In the post-war years on the present territory of the NP there were 4 timber industry enterprises; intensive felling was carried out, reaching 300 thousand cubic meters. m per year. The species and age composition of forests changed. At the same time, intensive timber rafting continued, which caused the channels to become clogged with snags.

Reforms of the 1950s led to the enlargement of collective and state farms, which resulted in an increase in land included in production. Since the late 1960s. the construction of farms began on the banks of reservoirs. Mineral and organic fertilizers, toxic impurities began to get into the lakes from fields and livestock farms. The water in the lakes began to bloom, its transparency decreased, and the oxygen content decreased. After the creation of the park on its territory, the quality of water has noticeably improved, and this is primarily due to the prohibition of the use of pesticides in agriculture, with the prohibition of plowing land and felling of forests in water protection zones and the termination of discharge of effluents from farms into rivers and streams.

Yet permanent residence in rural areas in the NP is still unpopular. Agricultural production is declining. Since the establishment of the park, the population has decreased by a third. The percentage of people of retirement age is high, while the number of children, on the contrary, is insignificant. Rural settlements are degrading, only 6 settlements have more than 100 people. The process of withering away of small villages is accompanied by the concentration of the population in several large settlements and villages. Unemployment is a negative social phenomenon. Since 1992, the total number of livestock farms has decreased by more than 10 times. The number of livestock is decreasing, a significant part of the land over the past 10-15 years has been overgrown with trees and shrubs.

And against the backdrop of such a bleak rural reality in the 1980s. dacha construction began to develop intensively ...

On the territory of the NP "Smolenskoe Poozerie" are presented all the characteristic categories of monuments of history and culture, covering the time interval from the Mesolithic to the XX century.

The list of archeological monuments includes 81 objects. Among them there are 14 Stone Age sites, 2 settlements, 17 settlements, 14 settlements, 32 burial grounds (kurgan groups and single kurgans). The archaeological complex of the ancient Russian city of Verzhavsk and the burial mound (31 embankments) of the VIII-XIII centuries have the status of a monument of federal significance. near the village of Anosinki (8 objects).

A significant influx of the Slavic population in the X-XI centuries, the founding of numerous villages and their unification led to the formation in Poozerie of the second largest city on the Smolensk land - Verzhavsk. Located on the “road from the Varangians to the Greeks,” the city flourished in the XII-XIV centuries, losing its economic importance only with the extinction of the waterway. During the Polish-Lithuanian invasion, it was destroyed and finally ceased to exist in the 17th century. The remains of a detinets, a city settlement and a burial mound have survived to this day.

On the territory of "Smolensk Poozerie", a number of burial mound groups have survived, which were burial places of rural territorial communities. Since the 13th century, the burial of the dead was performed in cemeteries, where stone crosses were installed on the graves. There are similar monuments in the NP near the village of Gorki (the so-called French graves) and at the settlement of Verzhavska near the village of Gorodishche.

In the 17th century, the territory of the future park was subjected to raids by Polish-Lithuanian troops. The selfless struggle of the Russian people against foreign invaders is immortalized in the names of the settlements: Massacre (in honor of the battle between Russians and Poles in 1608), Rubezh (the border of the confrontation between Polish and Russian troops), Shishi (rebel settlement), Kopanevo (military earthworks) ...

As for the historical monuments, there are at least 101 registered objects - memorial complexes, architectural monuments, religious buildings.

Of the manor ensembles, the palace and park complex of Prince G.A. Potemkin-Tavrichesky, which existed in the central part of the park until the end of the 1920s. Churches and chapels include the active Church of the Ascension of the Lord in the village. Przhevalskoe (an architectural monument of the 18th century) and the Church of St. George the Victorious (at the b / o "Chaika"). Earlier, there were 3 more churches on the territory of the NP.

There are at least 9 religious buildings in the park: a "sacrificial stone" on the island of Lake Dgo, a "village guard" near the village of Anosinki, a "holy well" near the village of Zhelyukhovo, a "holy well" in the village of Boroviki, stone crosses on cemeteries of the villages of Gorka and Gorodishche, stone tombstones in the village of Glaskovo and zhalniki.

The territory of the park is extremely rich in monuments of the Great Patriotic War. Memorial landscapes and whole trench towns have been preserved. A total of 88 objects were marked.

There is a number of historical and cultural sites - a memorable place where peasants took part in protests against landlord despotism in August 1857 - October 1859, the N.M. Przhevalsky, memorial signs in honor of the stay of the great traveler and his associates in the village. Sloboda, house of N.I. Rylenkov, etc.).

Briefly about the infrastructure of the NP and the main directions of its activities. The total number of NP employees is 140 people. The park has 9 structural subdivisions: directorate, administrative center Baklanovo, arboretum, a representative office of the park in Smolensk and 5 forestry districts. The Directorate includes the following departments: protection of the territory, science, environmental education and tourism, provision of basic activities, as well as the financial and economic department. The main territorial production areas of the park are the Petrovskoye, Baklanovskoye, Kurov-Borskoye and Yelshanskoye forestry areas in the Demidovsky district, as well as Vervizhskoye in the Dukhovshchinsky district. Each forestry is managed by a senior state inspector (forester) with an assistant (district inspector).

The protection of natural complexes and objects on the territory of the NP "Smolenskoe Poozerie" is carried out by the security service, consisting of full-time state inspectors (about 50 people). The functions of the NP protection service include the protection of forests (including from fires), fauna, fish resources, the regime of the park, historical and cultural monuments. An operational group has been allocated, the state inspectors of which reveal most of the violations detected on the territory of the NP. The protection of the NP regime is also carried out by the state inspectors of forestries on their rounds.

The most common type of violations on the territory of the NP is illegal fishing with fixed nets, and poaching is also a serious problem. These violations are partly explained by the deterioration of the living standards of the population, as well as the ecological lack of culture and the consumer attitude towards nature of a significant part of it. Often, violations of the environmental regime are also recorded: parking vehicles in water protection zones, organizing garbage dumps, staying without a permit in protected and specially protected areas, making fires, etc.

Since 2005, biotechnical activities have been streamlined. Annually about 25-30 artificial nests for gogol, nests for small bird species are posted. There are grounds for feeding wild boars; about 2 hectares of forage fields are sown annually. For the implementation of mineral feeding of elk and roe, 24 salt licks are constantly replenished.

To streamline any activity in the NP, four functional zones have been allocated: reserved, specially protected, economic use, educational tourism; moreover, the protected area covers a fifth of the park, and the area of \u200b\u200beducational tourism - more than half of it.

One of the most important activities of the park is environmental education and education of the population. Specialists of the Department of Environmental Education conduct play lessons with children, assist teachers with methodological materials, and organize conversations. Ecology classes are held in schools, information corners about the "Smolensk Poozerie" are designed.

The NP has been participating in the international environmental action "March of Parks" since 1995. Every year, within the framework of the action, children's creative contests are held, the winners of which are awarded with diplomas and mementos, excursions around the park and other protected areas are organized for them, as well as trips to Smolensk and Moscow ...

School forestry operates on the territory of the NP in Przhevalskaya and Prechistenskaya schools. A regional center for environmental education has been created at the Baklanovo farm to work with schoolchildren in the Smolensk region, including for holding children's environmental camps. The Children's Forest Republic "Gamayuniya", located in the southeastern part of the NP, annually organizes ecological and ethnographic expeditions.

Since 1999, NP, being a member of the Federation of European Parks (EUROPARK), has been participating in the celebration of the European Parks Day. The central event of the holiday in the park is the Baklanovskiye Zori International Festival of the reserved author's song. This action has a huge public response and significantly affects the formation of a positive image of the park. The Fisherman's Kitchen Festival has also become a traditional event.

The NP leadership attaches particular importance to working with the media. The park publishes monthly its ecological and educational newspaper Poozerye (circulation - 2000 copies), is a co-founder of the professional newspaper Zapovednoye Brotherhood. The newspaper Poozerye is distributed free of charge in schools, libraries of the Smolensk region, and is sent to many protected areas of Russia. Since 2005, a page about the park has appeared in the district newspapers of the Demidovsky and Dukhovshchinsky districts.

Scientific research work of the NP is aimed at the development and implementation of scientific methods for preserving biological diversity, natural and historical-cultural complexes and objects in conditions of recreational use; assessment and forecast of the ecological situation; creation of a basis for environmental education, development of regulated recreation and tourism. Priority is given to research that contributes to the solution of local issues related to the sustainable use of natural resources, the restoration of degraded ecosystems, and the preservation of historical and cultural heritage.

The results of scientific research carried out at the NP are published in scientific monographs and collections. Based on the materials of the research carried out in the park, 3 dissertations were defended for the title of candidate of sciences, a number of diploma theses and numerous term papers of students of various universities.

Once every five years, the national park organizes the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, which considers a wide range of issues related to the activities of the park and Russian PAs. Since 2008, the NP has been organizing the Readings named after N.M. Przhevalsky.

The territory of the NP has significant potential for the development of tourism (the presence of a rich lake and river network among rugged relief, well-preserved forest ecosystems, a variety of fauna). An ecologically favorable situation is noted in this territory, there are ecologically clean food products, there are no natural foci of diseases. The road network in the NP is well developed, which makes it possible to provide access to almost all of its recreational facilities. Road entrances - five; part of forestry roads have been preserved in the forests since Soviet times.

In the NP, more than 10 different tourist routes of various lengths have been developed for visitors, as well as 2 ecological paths. The purity of the river water and the peculiar hydrological regime contribute to the development of water tourism and recreation near the water. The park has significant resources in the field of scientific tourism: the study of archaeological sites, bird watching, the study of lake-bog complexes and old-growth broad-leaved forests.

Information support of visitors is provided by 2 information centers (the settlement of Przhevalskoe and the administrative center "Baklanovo") and a representative office in Smolensk.

The park has 6 recreation centers, a sanatorium with a capacity of about 1,000 people, guest houses for 500 people. Most of the recreation centers and sanatoriums arose before the establishment of the NP, they are located in the village. Przhevalskoe and its surroundings. Up to 1,500 people can be accommodated at the park-equipped parking lots for tourists (there are more than 70 of them, picnic and multi-day ones). At the entrances to the park, at crossroads and near recreational facilities, signs and information boards are installed, telling about the features of the facilities and the rules of behavior in the park.

Of course, during the period of mass visits to the park by tourists, the impact on such areas on the adjacent natural complexes increases. The recreational capacity of the park, calculated according to existing norms and not causing degradation of ecosystems, as well as psychological discomfort, is about 300 thousand people per year. Real flows are estimated at 100-150 thousand people (including the dacha population).

The park has concluded agreements for the recreational use of its territory with all stationary institutions, the main type of activity of which is directly related to the reception of tourists and vacationers.

Together with the Center for Wildlife Conservation (Moscow) in 2001, a project on rural green tourism was implemented on the territory of the NP. Marketing research has been carried out, the implementation of guest house services through tour operators in Smolensk has been established, training seminars have been held for the owners of guest houses. The micro-credit fund, created by the national park under the Demidov administration, receives applications from the owners of guest houses for loans to improve their housing and expand the scope of services.

The national park continues to develop, taking into account the interests of protecting the natural complex and sustainable development of the local community.

Certain notable corners of Russian nature are compared by some not entirely patriotic domestic nature lovers with one well-known European country, which for some reason has become known as the standard of natural beauty. Every now and then you hear: Karelian Switzerland, Vologda Switzerland, Siberian Switzerland ... But this is fundamentally wrong: Russian nature is so amazing and unique that no Switzerland can be compared with it! Smolenskoye Poozerie is undoubtedly one of the natural highlights of our country.

National Park "Smolenskoe Poozerie" was created on April 15, 1992 by the decree of the government of the Russian Federation "For the preservation of natural complexes for recreational, educational, scientific and cultural purposes."The institution is currently under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation.

The park covers a total area of \u200b\u200b146,237 hectares, it includes the lands of the Demidov and Dukhovshchinsky regions. To streamline the activities in the NP, four functional zones have been allocated: reserved, specially protected, economic use and educational tourism, and the reserved zone covers a fifth of the park, and the educational tourism zone - more than half. Compared to most of the protected areas of the federal level, the NP “Smolenskoye Poozerie” is relatively densely populated: about 4,500 people permanently reside on its territory in about 120 settlements. The main settlement and administrative center of the NP is the resort village of Przhevalskoe.

The NP territory belongs to the Western Dvina basin. There are no transit rivers here, which excludes the possibility of contamination of the park's water bodies from outside. This area was formed under the influence of tectonic movements and glacier activity. The territory of the park is characterized by a variety of landforms, rarely found within a relatively small area. The terrain is hilly, although there are no actual mountains. The territory of the NP is characterized by a temperate continental climate with warm and humid summers, moderately cold winters with a stable snow cover and well-defined transition periods. The local climatic conditions are favorable for the development of various recreational services.

The main attraction of the NP are 35 lakes concentrated in a small area. The main part of these lakes, to which the park owes its name, are glacial. The most interesting is the central group of lakes located in the preglacial hollow. Each of the lakes has individual characteristics.

So, Chistik Lake has a constant groundwater supply. The transparency of the water in this lake throughout the year is at least 4–6 m. Lake Rytoye is characterized by beautiful, comfortable shores for recreation, it is one of the most stocked lakes in the park. The largest body of water in the park (304 hectares) is Lake Sapsho. Well, the most fishy body of water is Lake Dgo, which is rich in large bream, roach, pike, burbot, and rudd. The deepest (29 m) NP lake is Baklanovskoye; Lake Petrovskoe (Lososno) is connected to this lake by a channel.

At the bottom of Lake Mutnoe, deposits of sediments were discovered that are used to treat vacationers at a local sanatorium. Lakes Loshamye and Bolshoe Strechnoye are distinguished by high water transparency. In lakes Dolgoe, Krugloye, Glubokoe and Gniloe, species of mollusks were found, whose habitat in Russia has not been noted anywhere else.

There are also a large number of rivers, springs and other sources in the park.

Raised sphagnum bogs are of great value. Swamp massifs (33 of them) make up about 10% of the NP area. Most of the peat bogs were formed by swamping lakes left after the retreat of the glacier. The largest of them are Vervizhsky, Pelyshev and Lopatinsky mosses, which are rich in berries. In the central part of the Vervizhsky moss there are residual reservoirs (the so-called "windows") - the Vervizhskoe, Paltsevskoe and Beloe lakes.

The border of the southern taiga coniferous and subtaiga deciduous coniferous forests passes through the park. A notable feature of the local forest vegetation is the presence of spruce and broad-leaved forests, little affected by human activity. In the forest fund of the Smolenskoye Poozerie National Park, stands of birch, spruce, aspen, alder (gray and black), and pine prevail.

On the territory of the NP, scientists have noted more than 900 species of higher vascular plants. Certain plant species (lady's slipper, oak anemone, European swimsuit and others) are rare and endangered, therefore they are subject to special protection.

The fauna of the NP is typical for the forest fauna of the park; there are 54 species of mammals. A typical representative of ungulates is the elk. In recent years, the number of roe deer has increased significantly, wild boars are found everywhere. The territory of the park is distinguished by a wide distribution of beaver settlements. You can meet a wolf here; the bear in the NP is more common than in other areas of the region. There are other predators on the territory: lynx, raccoon dog, common polecat, ermine, weasel, fox. The hare is common.

There are 231 bird species recorded in the NP - a real ornithological kingdom! So it is no coincidence that the territory of "Smolensk Poozerie" is included in the "List of Key Bird Areas of Russia". More than two thirds of the bird fauna is nesting, about 60 species winter. Rare birds include the white-tailed eagle, osprey, snake eagle, golden eagle, black stork, etc.

In lakes and rivers, 37 species of fish have been recorded, the basis of fish stocks is carp. Such species as roach, bream, dace, chub, rudd, bleak, as well as pike, perch, ruff are widespread. Hunting on the territory of the NP is completely prohibited, but you can fish - however, only with permitted types of fishing. In the reservoirs of the park, you can fish for pike and perch on spinning, from a boat or from the shore - bream, bleak, rudd and roach, in small reservoirs - crucian carp. Spearfishing with a gun in the cleanest lake not only in the national park, but also in the entire North-West of Russia - Lake Chistik is interesting. Winter fishing is also exciting.

Crayfish are found in large numbers, which indicates the cleanliness of the reservoirs. The faunal diversity of the national park is supplemented by 5 species of reptiles and 10 species of amphibians.

The history of the region where the national park is located is rich. The settlement of this area began over 10 thousand years ago. Preserved archaeological sites of the Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages, which are of great scientific value. Already in the 9th century, the Smolensk land turned into the largest center of Slavic-Norman contacts. The ancient sites, burial grounds, burial grounds, and coin hoards discovered along the river banks confirm the version of the presence of a busy waterway connecting the mouth of the Dnieper with the Russian North.

On the territory of the park there are the remains of one of the most mysterious ancient Russian cities - Verzhavsk. The formation of this city, at one time the second largest on the Smolensk land, led to a significant influx of the Slavic population in the X-XI centuries, the founding of numerous villages and their unification. Situated on one of the branches of the famous "Way from the Varangians to the Greeks", the city flourished in the XII-XIV centuries. It lost its economic importance only with the extinction of the waterway.

The selfless struggle of the Russian people against foreign invaders is immortalized in the names of the settlements: Massacre (in honor of the battle between Russians and Poles in 1608), Rubezh (the border of the confrontation between Polish and Russian troops), Shishi (rebel settlement), Kopanevo (military earthworks).

There are also religious buildings on the territory of the park: a “sacrificial stone” on the island of Lake Dgo, a “village guard” near the village of Anosinki, a “holy well” near the village of Zhelyukhovo, a “holy well” in the village of Boroviki, stone crosses in the cemeteries of the villages of Gorka and Settlement, stone gravestones in the village of Glaskovo and zhalniki.

A special place in the history of the Slobodskoy Territory, as the lands that now make up the Smolenskoe Poozerie National Park, were previously called, belongs to the great Russian traveler Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky. In 1881, Przhevalsky settled in Sloboda (now the village of Przhevalskoe) and lived here until 1888. Here he worked hard and hard: he wrote reports on past expeditions, pondered plans for new travels. And on his last journey, Przhevalsky set off from Sloboda. In the village. Przhevalskoe, in the restored estate of the famous discoverer and explorer of wild lands, his museum was opened.

The territory of the park is also rich in monuments of the Great Patriotic War. Memorial landscapes and trench towns have been preserved. Positional battles on this territory lasted for about 1.5 years until 1943. All this time, partisans fought along with the regular army. In 1993 in the village. Przhevalskoye, the Museum of Partisan Glory was opened, which tells about the first battle of Smolensk and the first test of the Katyusha, about the Dovator's cavalry raid and the actions of partisan detachments.

The territory of the NP has significant potential for the development of tourism (the presence of a rich lake and river network among the rugged relief, well-preserved forest ecosystems, a variety of flora and fauna). These places have long been in demand by those people who appreciate the beauty of Russian nature. Along with lovers of ecological tourism, those who want to get acquainted with local sights, lead scientific research, relax and heal come here. With the formation of the national park, local tourism "went up the hill" - about 250 thousand people visit the park every year!

An ecologically favorable situation was noted in the park. The road network in the NP is well developed, which makes it possible to provide access to almost all of its recreational facilities. At the entrances to the park, at crossroads and near recreational facilities, signs and information boards are installed, telling about the features of the facilities and the rules of behavior in the park.

The purity of the water and the peculiar hydrological regime contribute to the development of water tourism and recreation near the water. The park has significant resources in the field of scientific tourism; Camping, cycling and water tourism, family vacations are popular.

More than 50 picnic and multi-day parking lots are available for those who like wild recreation. All parking lots are equipped with small architectural forms.

To get acquainted with the nature and sights of the NP, the staff of the park has developed a number of various tourist routes of various lengths and complexity. The ecological paths "To the sources", "Around the lake", "On a visit to the beavers", "In the kingdom of the brown bear" are very popular. The park has its own recreation center on the picturesque shore of the lake. Baklanovskoye, combined with the Center for Environmental Education, which organizes children's environmental camps. An arboretum is actively developing near the village of Boroviki, which, in addition to the actual arboretum, has a panoramic complex dedicated to the events of 1812, a small hotel of a modern level, and a herbal tea.

In recent years, the regional festival "Fisherman's Cuisine" has become traditional and popular.

In 2012, NP "Smolenskoe Poozerie" celebrated its 20th anniversary. In recent years, the institution is rightfully considered one of the standards of the Russian nature reserve system, a successful and steadily developing specially protected natural area. People who work here are purposeful, creative, united by the idea of \u200b\u200bnature conservation, who are famous for their ability to work fruitfully and organize interesting rest.

Evgeny BOGDANOV, NP "Smolenskoe Poozerie"

Smolenskoe Poozerie National Park, formed on April 15, 1992, is located in the European part of the Russian Federation, in the north-west of the Smolensk region, in the Demidov and Dukhovshchinsky regions. Its total area is 146,237 hectares.

The territory of the national park is dominated by a temperate continental climate, which is characterized by well-defined seasons. In winter, humid air masses, penetrating with cyclones from the Atlantic, cause snowfalls and a weakening of frosts, in summer - rains and a drop in temperature. As for the Arctic masses, in winter they cause sudden cold snaps, and in summer - strong heating of the surface.

The protected area belongs to the Western Dvina river basin. The park has more than 35 lakes of predominantly glacial origin. The largest are the following: Vervizhskoe, Loshamye, Petrakovskoe, Dgo, Rytoye, Elsha, Baklanovskoe, Sapsho.

Each of the lakes has its own characteristics and is not like the other. There are also rivers in the park: Kasplya, Polovya, Gobza, Elsha. In addition, 63 peat swamps occupy 6.3 thousand hectares of protected land. The largest of them: Vervizhsky moss, Lopatinsky moss, Pelyshevsky moss.

The soil cover of the Smolenskoye Poozerie Park is distinguished by its originality. Sod-podzolic soils formed on the basis of sandy deposits. Due to the low flat relief, swampy and waterlogged soils are widespread.

ANIMAL AND PLANT WORLD

The fauna and flora of the park is rich and varied. The rivers and lakes are inhabited by such fish species as ruff, perch, pike, bleak, rudd, chub, dace, bream, roach. Typical representatives of the local fauna: weasel, ermine, beaver, lynx, fox, wolf, bear, wild boar, elk.

Smolenskoe Poozerie National Park is a true bird kingdom. The background species of woodlands include: green mocking, brown-headed and black-headed chicks, great tit, chaffinch, pied flycatcher, garden and black-headed warblers, willow warbler, chiffchaff, rattle, forest pipit, blackbird and songbirds, red-headed bird, fieldfare, nettle robin, gray flycatcher.

Typical inhabitants of near-water and aquatic habitats are the gray heron, snipe, mallard, black tern, great grebe, coot, gray and black-headed gulls, big bittern, gogol. During periods of seasonal migrations, species are recorded in the park that nest in the northern taiga, forest-tundra, and tundra.

In the Smolenskoe Poozerie National Park, you can see many protected and rare species of animals and plants. So, the following species of animals and birds are included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature: crested newt, red-bellied toad, flying squirrel, common squirrel, baby mouse, forest mouse, hazel dormouse, forest dormouse, river beaver, otter, European mink, sea eagle white-tailed, brown long-eared eagle, red nocturnal, white-eyed duck, steppe harrier, great spotted eagle, corncrake, pusher, great snipe.

The Red Book of the Russian Federation includes: common sculpin, brown trout, spotted eagle, snake-eater, steppe harrier, osprey, black stork, black-throated loon, common gray shrike, European middle woodpecker and others.

Rare plant species also grow in the protected area: a real slipper, a pollen head, a long-leaved one, a lacustrine mushroom, a Baltic fingernail, a burnt orchis, a helmet orchis, a male orch, perennial perennial, Traunsteiner's fingernail, a baltic watercreeper, Baltic. The border of subtaiga broad-leaved coniferous and coniferous forests passes in the park. The peculiarity of the local forest vegetation is the presence of untouched by man spruce and broad-leaved forests.

Pine, black and gray alder, aspen, spruce, birch are widespread in the Smolenskoye Poozerie National Park. About 900 species of higher vascular plants can be seen in the protected lands.

Currently, the Smolenskoe Poozerie National Park is of great importance for science. So, the scientific council of the park regularly cooperates with scientists from the Smolensk Humanitarian, Smolensk State Universities and other universities in the country.

The ecological and educational activities of the national park are quite extensive. The park is engaged in the improvement of the protected area, as well as the development of tourist routes. The most important area of \u200b\u200bwork of the Smolenskoye Poozerie Park is environmental protection.

Contact Information:
Address: Russia, Smolensk region, Demidovsky district, 216270, p. Przhevalskoe, st. Gurevich, 19
Phone: (481−47) 26204, 26648, 26684
Fax: (481−47) 26636
Email: [email protected]

Smolenskoe Poozerie (Smolensk region, Russia) - exact location, interesting places, inhabitants, routes.

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It is not difficult to guess why the national park "Smolenskoe Poozerie" is called that way. Of course, it is located not far from Smolensk and surrounded by a large number of water bodies. There are as many as 35 lakes of glacial origin, each of which is beautiful in its own way. The Smolenskoye Poozerie Park was created relatively recently - only 21 years ago. It was organized in order to preserve the unique forests, to study the local flora and fauna.

In the national park "Smolenskoye Poozerie" there are as many as 35 lakes of glacial origin, each of which is beautiful in its own way.

In fact, the Smolenskoe Poozerie is a large forest, since 80 percent of the entire territory is covered with forests. It is interesting that 55 species of plants, included in the Red Book of the Smolensk Region, and 10 species, included in the Red Book of our country, grow here. If you want to get better acquainted with the nature of Russia, then you should definitely visit the Smolenskoe Poozerie. A variety of animals are found here: wild boars, bears, foxes, wolves, ermines, hares, lynxes. There are many types of fish in lakes and rivers. The most common are bream, chub, ruff, pike, perch. And, of course, there are a lot of birds here. If you are lucky, you will be able to see a very rare bird - the black stork. By the way, Smolenskoe Poozerie is considered an ornithological territory of international importance.

But Smolenskoe Poozerie is interesting not only for its flora and fauna. The park is also worth visiting in order to learn a lot about the history of our country. In the 9-12 centuries, on the territory of the modern Smolensk Poozerie, the city of Verzhavsk was located, through which a section of the waterway "From the Varangians to the Greeks" passed. In addition, there are over 150 archaeological sites here. Many of them are of great historical and cultural importance. So, for example, in these places were found settlements, burial mounds, Neolithic sites. In addition, in the park there are many monuments related to the military past of the Smolensk region. It was here that battles with Polish-Lithuanian invaders and German fascists took place. Everyone can visit the Museum of Partisan Glory, located in the village of Przhevalskoe.

By the way, the name of the village is not accidental. At the end of the 19th century, the famous Russian scientist Nikolai Przhevalsky lived and worked here. He called the largest lake of the Smolensk Poozerie Sapsho "Baikal in miniature". Now a house-museum has been opened in the scientist's estate.

On the territory of the Smolensk Poozerie there is a mineral spring "Holy Well". The water from it is considered healing, helps with many diseases. This "living" water is unique due to its bactericidal properties.

You can visit the Smolensk Poozerie at any time of the year. From June to August, the weather is wonderful here, the water in lakes and rivers warms up to 22 degrees Celsius. In autumn, the park is unusually beautiful and you can pick mushrooms and berries. Lovers of winter entertainment can go skiing and sledging or ice fishing. Well, in the spring in the Smolensk Poozerie, everything blooms and blooms - an indescribable beauty.

The national park hosts the Baklanovskiye Zori bard song festival and the Fisherman's Kitchen festival.

Practical information

Smolenskoe Poozerie is located at the address: Smolensk region, Demidovsky district, Przhevalskoe village, st. Gurevich, 19. In the national park you can visit 12 excursions. They are all different in duration and length of the route. Excursion prices start at RUB 100 per person. Visitors can stay here for a long time - there are many places to stay in Smolensk Poozerie. The recreation centers "Baklanovo" and "Chaika", guest houses on the Petrakovskoye lake and in the village of Boroviki, the sanatorium named after Przhevalsky. In addition, there are 1-4-seater trailers. Making bonfires and setting up tents is only permitted in designated areas. Such tourist sites are fully equipped for tourists. There are campfires, firewood, benches, toilets. There is an excellent observation deck on the shore of Lake Sapsho.

The prices on the page are for November 2019.