Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra. Khanty-Mansiysk Territory area of ​​Khmao

KHANTY-MANSIYSKY AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT - YUGRA. Post formed. All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 10. 1930 as the Ostyako-Vogulsky nat. env. (cm. National administrative-territorial entities) in the composition Ural region Jan 17 1934 entered the educated Ob-Irtysh region centered on Tyumen, which was abolished in December. 1934, after which he became part of Omsk region. Oct. 1940 renamed Khanty-Mansiysk. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 14. 1944 included in the educated Tyumen region. In 1977 he was transformed into a ed. district. According to the Federal Treaty of 1992, confirmed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, he received the status of a subject of the Federation, while remaining in the adm.-ter. relation to the part of the Tyumen region. acc. with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2003 Khanty-Mansiysk Aut. env. renamed Khanty-Mansiysk Aut. env. - Yugra. Since 2000 included in Ural Federal District. Adm. center - Khanty-Mansiysk.

HM. A. O. located in the middle of the West. Siberia. In the north it borders on Yamalo-Nenets avt. env., in the north-west - from the Rep. Komi, in the southwest - from the Sverdlovsk region, in the south - with the Tobolsk and Uvat districts of the Tyumen region, in the southeast and east - with Tomsk region And Krasnoyarsk region. Area 523.1 thousand sq. km. In 2005, the district included 9 districts, 70 villages. administrations.

Number population (thousand people): 1931 - 49.9, 1939 - 93 1959 - 123.9, 1970 - 271.2, 1979 - 569.2, 1989 - 1268.4, 2002 - 1432.8, 2005 - 1469. Wed settlement density (2005) - 2.8 people. per 1 sq. km. National composition: in 1959 - Russians 72.5%, Khanty 9.2, Mansi 4.6, Ukrainians 3.5, Tatars 2.4, Komi and Komi-Permyaks 2.3, Germans 1.7, Belarusians 1.0, Nenets 0.7, Moldovans 0.5, etc. 1.6%; in 1989 - Russians 66.3%, Ukrainians 11.6, Tatars 7.6, Bashkirs 2.4, Belarusians 2.2, Chuvashs 1.1, Azerbaijanis 1.0, Khanty 0.9, Moldovans 0.8, Germans 0.7, Mansi 0.5, Mordovians 0.5, Mari 0.5, Nenets 0.1, etc. 3.7%; in 2002 - Russians 66.1%, Ukrainians 8.6, Tatars 7.5, Bashkirs 2.5, Azerbaijanis 1.8, Belarusians 1.4, Khanty 1.2, Moldovans 0.8, Mansi 0.7, Kumyks 0.7, Lezgins 0.6, Germans 0.6, Mari 0.5, Mordovians 0.4, Uzbeks 0.4, Kazakhs 0.3, etc. 5.9%.

HM. A. O. - highly urbanized region of Russia: share of mountains. population in 2002 - 90.9% (in 1959 - 27.0). Over the years intensive oil and gas. construction (1960–2002) num. mountains The population has increased almost 40 times. The first city, Khanty-Mansiysk, appeared in the Okrug in 1950. In 1986, 10 cities and 27 seasonal f.g., in 2005, 16 cities and 24 f.g. t. The largest city of Kh.-M. A. O. (2006) - Surgut(290.6 thousand people). Dr. croup. cities: Nizhnevartovsk(240.8 thousand), Nefteyugansk(113 thousand), Khanty-Mansiysk (59.6 thousand), Kogalym(57.8 thousand people).

The system of state bodies. authorities: legislator. power - Duma H.-M. A. O. - Ugra, performer. - Government auth. districts headed by the President. On 1 Sept. 2005 seats self-management was carried out in 22 municipalities. formations.

Coat of arms H.-M. A. O. approved 20 Sept. 1995, revised 10 Feb. 1998: in the field of a figurative dissected azure and green shield, the contour of which is outlined in gold, silver is placed. an emblem that reproduces the stylized symbol "Kat uhup howl" (two-headed bird). The figured shield is inscribed in a straight red shield, lower. the part to-rogo has figured sharpening. Lining of 2 shields topped with an element white color, made in the ornamental style of the Ob Ugrians, and surrounded by a wreath of green cedar branches. The motto "Yugra" is inscribed in silver. letters on an azure ribbon located under the shield.

Flag H.-M. A. O. approved 20 Sept. 1995, revised 10 Feb. 1998. Represents a rectangular panel, divided horizontally into 2 equal blue-blue and green stripes, supplemented at the free edge with a vertical white stripe. In the lion top. part of the canvas is a white element from the coat of arms of H.-M. A. O. The ratio of the width of the cloth to the length is 1:2; the ratio of the width of the white stripe to the total length is 1:20; the ratio of the distance from the shaft to the geometric. the center of the white element to the total length 1:4; ratio of distance from edge top. the edges of the panel up to the geometric. the center of the white element to the total length of 1:10; width and height of the white element to the total length resp. 1:4 and 1:10; the ratio of the thickness of the constituent parts of the white element to the total length is 1:40.

The most ancient parking lots of people on the territory. modern HM. A. O. belong to the era Mesolithic. Mesolithic. finds and settlements are open along the entire course of the river. Kondy, on the rivers of the North. Sosva, Vasyugan, Nizh. Ob and on the watershed of the Pur and Nadym rivers. In the era Neolithic there was a settlement in the main. left bank of the river Obi. The Early Bronze Age is marked by a large number of settlements on the right bank of the Ob (Barsova Gora). During the Late Bronze Age. century, the culture of cross ceramics was formed. The ancestors of the Samoyedic-Ugric hunted and fished. fishing, dominated by stone. tools, but new, more advanced tools made of bronze also spread. In the era of the early Iron Age that followed, the Ob region was settled, and the bronze foundry was replaced by iron. The monuments of this time are the settlements Kulay(VI-IV centuries BC), Beloyarskaya (VI-III centuries BC) and Kalinka (VI-III centuries BC) cultures. In the era of the early Middle Ages, the Nizhneobskaya culture takes shape, which has gone through several years of development in its development. stages (Karymsky, Orontursky, Kintusovsky). It was at this time that the decomposition of the tribal system and the formation of Khantysk began. and Mansiysk. ethnic groups.

In the 1st millennium AD e. to the vast spaces of the taiga. croup appeared on the right bank of the Ob. settlements. Their inhabitants hunted fur-bearing animals, fished, defended themselves from enemies. At this time ironworks developed. production, the foundation of Ugric spirits was laid. culture (animistic representations, pantheon of totemic characters), as evidenced by numerous. finds of cult casting. Information about the Lower Ob Ugric principality with its capital in the town of Emder is contained in the heroic. epic south. Khanty and in Russian. letters. sources of the XVI-XVII centuries. Broad crops. connections of the population of the north Zap. Siberia with a population of southern. territories also reflect detected imports. silver and angry. products of Iranian and Central Asian. origin. In the 1st floor. II millennium AD e. formed the main features mat. and spirits. Khanty, Mansi and forest cultures. Nenets.

In Russian Chronicles 1st mention of Ugra are found in the middle. 11th century In the 1st quarter 12th century Residents of Veliky Novgorod have already repeatedly visited Yugra. In the 2nd floor. 12th century Yugra land, where most of the Khanty and Mansi lived, became a volost of Novgorod land; population, base the occupation of which was fishing, hunting, gathering, paid tribute to the Novgorodians in furs. From 1364 began directly. the development of the Russian east. slopes of the Urals. Novgorod. warriors, passing through the ancient. sowing way, reached the lower reaches of the river. Obi. By this time, the construction of the 1st Rus. towns such as Lyapin on the river. Sosve (see Campaigns of Novgorodians in the Northern Trans-Urals in12th-15th centuries). From the 15th century as the Grand Duchy of Moscow grew stronger, mosks began to appear more and more often on the Yugra land. squads. In 1465 Moscow. governor V. Skryaba for the first time collected tribute in favor of Moscow. grand duke. After the annexation of Novgorod to the Moscow state in 1478, the Yugra land became part of the Russian. state-va (see Campaigns of Moscow governors in the Northern Trans-Urals inXV–16th century).

In the beginning. 16th century the lands of the Khanty and Mansi are forcibly annexed to Siberian Khanate, which arose on the remains of the Tyumen kingdom. At this time places. residents along the rivers Pelym, Konda and Tavda united in one of the largest state. unions of Siberia - the Pelym principality, which became part of Sib. khanates. Since 1555, after Khan Ediger recognized himself as a vassal of Moscow and undertook to pay tribute annually, the relationship between the Ob and Kondin. Ugrian with Russians have become fairly regular. In 1563 power in Sib. khanate passed to Kuchum, which was broken by a vassal in 1575. relations with Moscow and dealt a blow to the Urals. In response, the Stroganov salt merchants formed a detachment of Cossacks under the leadership of the ataman Yermak, which returned the lands lost by Moscow. After Yermak's victory over Kuchum in 1582, part of the Khanty and Mansi living in the Irtysh region voluntarily came under the patronage of Muscovites. king and took upon herself the duty of tribute.

In 1584 at the mouth of the river. Irtysh, a detachment of Cossacks led by Mansurov delivered the 1st Rus. settlement in the West. Siberia - Obskoy town. The Khanty-Mansiysk tribes brought yasak Mansurov, and representatives of 6 towns on the bottom. the course of the river. Both on the trail. year went to Moscow with a request for Russian. allegiance. In con. 16th century Moscow pr-in moved to the implementation of the plan for the construction of strengthened. cities on new lands, in order to rely on them, gradually move on. Surgut arose in 1593, then Pelym And Berezov. In con. 16th century Yugra land is finally attached to the Moscow state-woo. However, this region was not settled by Russians for a long time - until the middle. 17th century Russian visits to the Yugra land became more frequent in con. 17th century Lit. also belongs to this time. description of Voguls, 1st image of Konda on geogr. map compiled around 1696–97 S.U. Remezov. Since the 17th century the capture of the best lands of the Khanty and Mansi Rus intensified. merchants and wealthy peasants. Places the population responded to the oppression with a number of uprisings - 1609, 1663, which were suppressed by the troops.

Starting from the XVIII century. the government of Peter I set the task of an asset. Christianization of the population of the North-West. Siberia. Archim. Philotheus (Leshchinsky). Despite the active attempts to draw seats. the population to Christianity, it continued to worship their gods, giving them new names of Christians. saints. In the XVIII century. Berezov became a place of royal exile for eminent nobles: HELL. Menshikov- in 1728, princes Dolgoruky - in 1729, count A.I. Osterman- in 1742. In the XIX century. a number of Decembrists.

From 1822 adm. upr-tion and fulfillment of destinies. functions among the peoples of the North was carried out on the basis of the developed MM. Speransky Charter "On the management of aliens in Siberia". In the XVIII-XIX centuries. activation relocated. movement led to an increase in the number. Russian population in the region. Contacts of places became more frequent. population from Russian settlers. Together with put. moments - the development of trade, exchange, the spread of new tools among the natives - appeared and denied. trends: gradual degradation of crops. and religious life of the Khanty and Mansi, the spread of new diseases among them, alcoholism.

From Ser. 19th century intensively develop capitalist. relationship. In 1844, the first steamship came to Samarovo, and from the 1850s. established regularly. steamer. communication along the Irtysh and Ob rivers. In 1844-1917 in the Ob-Irtysh bass. 251 steamers sailed. The turnover of Yugra fairs: Surgut, Berezovskaya, Laryakskaya, Yuganskaya. Characteristics of the economy of the Ob-Irtysh North at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. was defined as the features of the natural climate. conditions and relatively low population density. Prom-Th was presented several. semi-handicraft. canned fish establishments. S.-x. production in sowing. conditions reduced to vegetable growing and live-wu. Ch. the occupation of the northerners were fish. catching, hunting, collecting pine nuts, mushrooms and berries. S. Samarovo, which has become the center of fish. crafts in the 19th century. turned into cereal. bargain. transit. paragraph. In 1870–80, at the expense of the merchant V.T. Zemtsov, a pier was built in Samarovo, a pharmacy was opened, and loans were saved. comrade, paramedic. item, 1st in Tobolsk lips. practical fishery. school, hotel for traveling scientists, equipped with special equipment. ship for n.-i. works. In 1909 a telegraph was laid in Samarovo. line, in 1913 it reached Berezov and Surgut. In the beginning. 20th century on ter. district worked 7 early. schools.

After Feb. revolution, power in the Ob North passed to the localities. authorities of the Provisional Prospect. Feb. 1918 in the north of the Tobolsk region, and in April. in Surgut owl was installed. power, which lasted until the end. June 1918. Again owls. power in the region was established in March 1920. A county was created on the ground. and ox. revolutionary committees. Feb. 1921 in the Tyumen province. anti-Bolshevik began. an uprising that spread to the North (cf. West Siberian rebellion). March-April 1921 the rebels captured Surgut, Berezov, Samarovo. In May-June 1921 cross. the uprising was suppressed by parts of Kr. army. The region started new economic policy . Private was allowed. entrepreneurship. Developed cooperation. All R. 1920s on the basis of cooperation industry. households-in hunters, fishermen, reindeer herders were created integral. cooperatives, performing production., marketing. and credit. functions.

In the 1920s there was an energetic search for the optimum. forms and methods of upr-niya sowing. ter. Russia. In March 1922, under the People's Commissariat for Nationalities of the RSFSR, a Polar sub-department was created for the administration of the native peoples of the North, nat. and native. subdivisions are established at places. authorities. In June 1922, a conference of representatives of the small peoples of the North was held in Samarovo, at which a proposal was made "to recognize the right of the native population to be allocated to an administrative unit on the basis of establishing a national apparatus on the scale of the regional native executive committee ...". In 1924, the Committee for Assistance to the Peoples of the North was organized under the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. outskirts. In 1925, the Tobolsk Okrug was created. committee of the North. In 1926, an administrative-legal structure was introduced in the form of natives. councils and district. executive committees. The result of the national-state. construction in the region was education in Dec. 1930 Ostyako-Vogulsky national. env.

In con. 1920s - 1930s radical changes took place in the county's economy. changes. In 1929, the construction of the 1st prom. enterprises - Samarovsky fish cannery. plant, which was put into operation in 1930. In the same years, the Surgut cannery was built. f-ka, a number of fish factories and timber enterprises. and woodworker. industry: Samarovsky sawmill, Ostyako-Vogulsky industrial complex. In 1934, the first attempt was made to search and reconnaissance on the territory. oil and gas districts. In 1929 the process began collectivization. By 1932, its level reached 42%, by 1940 - 94%. All R. 1930s main collective farm form. constructions were the simplest productions. associations (PPO), in con. 1930s they began to be transferred to the charter of the agricultural artel. In 1938, there were 100 agricultural artels and 132 PPOs in the district, in 1940 - respectively. 285 and 62. In the same period, the construction of settlements was launched, which contributed to the transition of the Khanty and Mansi to a settled way of life. Along with the traditional new crafts (fishing, hunting, reindeer husbandry) developed - livestock, agriculture, fur farming. Since 1930, they began to arrive in the district special settlers, hands to-rykh in the main. the future Khanty-Mansiysk was being built, and many others were being equipped. us. points, the Samarovsky fish cannery was erected. plant and other enterprises.

A social cult developed. sphere. Since the 1920s illiteracy was being eradicated. First hospital. nat. schools appeared in 1924–25. In 1930, the first primer was created in Khanty, and later in Mansi and other languages. root. inhabitants of the Ob North, a written language was created by the root. peoples. By 1933 there were 126 schools in the district. By 1940 cult. the area of ​​the district consisted of 70 reading huts, 14 mass b-k, 40 film installations, 6 district. houses of culture, 6 newspapers were published in Russian. and national lang. The preparation of the national staff was carried out by the Ostyako-Vogulsky ped. technical school and midwife. school. Medicine developed: in 1930 a hospital was opened, in 1934 - anti-tuberculosis. dispensary. Since 1938, the encirclement has been working in Ostyako-Vogulsk. local historian. museum.

From the beginning Great Patriotic War the economy of the district is reoriented to the military. needs. Kondinsky and Khanty-Mansiysk timber enterprises switched to the production of special. wood for the production of air plywood, butts for rifles, skis. The output of fish production has increased. prom. During the war years, a number of new enterprises were built in the district - a match factory and a felting workshop in Khanty-Mansiysk. The workers of the district transferred to the fund Kr. army more than 9 million rubles, state bonds for almost 20 million rubles, warm clothes almost 60 thousand pieces. More than 4 thousand residents of the district were awarded orders and medals, 9 were awarded the title hero Soviet Union , 1 became a cavalier Order of Glory 3 degrees.

In the postwar years of foundation changes in the life of the district are primarily associated with the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. 21 Sept. 1953 Berezovskaya geol.-exploration. party for the first time in Zap. Siberia received nature. gas. On June 23, 1960, oil was found in the Shaim region. This was followed by the discovery of the Megionskoye, Zap.-Surgutskoye, Pokurskoye, Mamontovskoye and other deposits. In 1967, the operation of the oil fields of Ust-Balyk and Surgut began. From the 2nd floor. 1970s main districts of prom. oil development is concentrated in the Samotlor, Ust-Balyk, Mamontovskoe and other fields. Max. the volume of oil production was reached in 1987 - 354.8 million tons. In parallel with oil, natural resources are being extracted. and companion. gas, for the processing of which 2 plants were built in Nizhnevartovsk. On the basis of oil and gas production, a powerful electric power industry has grown. In 1975, the Surgut State District Power Plant was put into operation, operating on a passing line. gas.

The forest continued to develop. and fish. prom. In the district, new timber industry enterprises were opened, and cereals were functioning. Kondinsky timber industry. plant. The construction of new cities stimulated the acceleration. building up production. materials. In the postwar period H.-M. A. O. - croup. fur supplier. part of the swarm was the products of the animal breeder. farms. The suburbs grew. vegetable growing. The rapid development of the fuel and energy complex had a negative impact on the traditions. rural industries. and industry. household In 1985, the fish catch in the district amounted to 69% of the catch in 1980. The number of deer in 1985 decreased by 21% compared to 1970.

In the 1960s–80s. construction gets a big swing. etc. and pipelines. In the 1960s the 1st railroad was built. lines Ivdel-Ob, Tavda-Mezhdurechensk, in 1976 the construction of the railroad was completed. Tyumen-Surgut-Nizhnevartovsk. According to ter. HM. A. O. a network of oil and gas pipelines was built, etc. The social-cult was further developed. sphere. Us. items contact phone. lines, from 1967 television began to work in the district, the print media became widespread, including on the nat. lang. It was intensive. lived. building, social-cult objects were erected. destination.

In the 1st floor. 1990s the radical started. reforming the people. household H.-M. A. o., which was accompanied by a decline in production. Oil and gas. condensate in 1995 was extracted 1.8 times, gas - 1.6 times less than in 1990. The number of deer from 1989 to 1999 decreased by 38%. In con. 1990s the situation in the economy, including in the fuel and energy complex, has stabilized. In the 1st years of the XXI century. prom started. height. In 2004, oil and gas on the territory. district produced 1.5 times more than in 1995.

Oud. weight of industry in the industry. structure of the gross region. product H.-M. A. O. in 2003 was 58.1%, p. X. - 0.3, construction - 9.3, transport - 6.1, communications - 0.6, trade and commercial. activities for the sale of goods and services - 3.9%. Number economically active. population in 2004 - 827 thousand people. (56.2% of the total). The economy employs 873.5 thousand people, incl. working on a rotational basis. The level of officially registered unemployment is 9.7%. The structure of the prom. production: fuel industry - 89.9%, electric power industry - 6.6, mechanical engineering and metalworking - 2.6, construction industry. materials - 0.3, wood., woodworking. industry - 0.3, food industry - 0.2%. Oil is the backbone of the Okrug's economy. and gas. industry industries. More than half is mined in the region. all grew. oil. The district occupies the 4th place in the extraction of nature. gas. The largest enterprises are Surgutneftegaz JSC (Surgut), Yuganskneftegaz JSC (Nefteyugansk), Lukoil-Kogalym-neftegaz JSC ( Kogalym), JSC Langepas-neftegaz ( Langepas), JSC "Kond-petroleum" ( Nyagan). Oil and gas refineries operate in the district. Chem. The industry is represented by enterprises in Surgut and Nyagan, which produce propylene, liquefied gas, and people's goods. plastic consumption. Forest enterprises. and woodworker. prom-ti are engaged in the manufacture of lumber, window and door blocks, container premises. type, furniture, etc. Food industry in the main. manufactures canned fish. products. The capacity of enterprises is building. The complex is aimed at the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete. structures and products, builds. bricks, porous aggregates. Mechanical engineering is represented by enterprises for the repair of oil and gas fields. equipment, vehicles, building. technology. In terms of electricity production, the district ranks second in the country after Irkutsk region Surgutskaya and Nizhnevartovskaya GRES, the largest in Russia, operate on a by-pass. gas.

Sat. and traditional industries hoz-va, despite their insignificant. beats weight in the overall structure of the economy, play an important role, because they provide employment to the indigenous. population. These industries produce unique. products. The most valuable species of fish with high palatability. The basis for the development of reindeer husbandry is reindeer pastures, which make up 21.6% of the total land. area The number of reindeer in 2003 was 28.8 thousand.

Transport. complex H.-M. A. O. formed in the 2nd half. 20th century to meet the needs of oil and gas production. prom. According to ter. district passes Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg) railway. D.: in the directions of Tyumen-Pyt-Yakh-Surgut-Kogalym-Novy Urengoy with a branch to Nizhnevartovsk, Yekaterinburg-Ivdel-Sovetsky-Nyagan-Priobye with a branch to Agirish, Yekaterinburg-Tavda-Mezhdurechensky. Naib. croup. railroad nodes: Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Pyt-Yakh, Kogalym, Nyagan. Operational length w. d. 2,454 km. For the share of cars transport accounts for 10% of cargo turnover and approx. floor. district passenger traffic. Length 17 thousand km of paved roads. Main car highway connecting the district with other territories. Russia, passes through Nefteyugansk, Tobolsk And Tyumen. Feder highway crosses the district from south to north. values ​​Tyumen-Surgut-Novy Urengoy, from west to east - the highways Khanty-Mansiysk-Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk-Surgut. Navigation on the rivers Ob, Irtysh, Konda, Sev. Sosva, Vakh, and others. Croup. airports in Kogalym, Rainbow, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk. In H.-M. A. O. - the largest. pipeline network in Russia. On ter. the district originates most of the highways. oil pipelines: Shaim-Tyumen, Ust-Balyk-Omsk, Samotlor-Ufa-Almetyevsk; through the Nizhnevartovsk-Anzhero-Sudzhensk oil pipeline, oil exits to the east. districts of the country. With the commissioning of the Samotlor-Samara oil pipeline, it became possible to supply Khanty-Mans. oil for export. Most of the gas pipelines passing through the Ter. HM. A. o., - transit, originating with gas. Yamal fields.

On horseback 2005 on ter. ed. district scientific research and development was carried out by 17 organizations, among which the Ob-Taz Department of the Siberian Research and Design Institute of Fisheries, Institute of Advanced Training and Development of Regional Education, Scientific Research Experimental Institute -t problems of the Ob North, Khanty-Mansiysk center region. subsoil use, the Surgut Research and Design Institute of the Oil Industry, etc. Since 1991, the Research Institute for the Revival of the Ob-Ugric Peoples has been operating.

Educated. system H.-M. A. O. makes up means. part of the social complex and consists of preschools., general, additional. and prof. education. In 2005 preschool. educate. network on ter. The district included 420 institutions, they were attended by 63.8 thousand (or 61.8%) children aged 1–6 years. In 2005/06 on ter. district in 413 general education. 196.4 thousand students studied in institutions. There were 24 institutions at the beginning. prof. and 24 Wed. specialist. education with num. students 12.2 thousand and 20.9 thousand respectively. Training of specialists with higher 8 universities and a network of branches were engaged in education, where 53.8 thousand students studied.

The education system of the root. few peoples of the North (Khanty, Mansi, Nenets) covers all types of education. At 33 preschools. educate. institutions located on the traditional indigenous residence. peoples, teaching their native language is carried out. There are 44 schools with Russian. (non-native) lang. education, in which St. 6 thousand people Percentage of indigenous children. peoples of the total number of students is 61%, of which 44% study their native language. Prof. system education is adapted to the needs of the indigenous. residents: on the basis of the Khanty-Mansiysk ped. College, Ugra and Surgut Universities are functioning preparatory. courses for applicants from among the roots. peoples of the North. Created at Ugra University Institute of Language, culture and art of the peoples of Yugra.

In 2005 honey. Assistance to the population of the district was provided by 92 hospitals. institutions, 223 outpatient clinics. institutions, 93 feldsher-obstetricians. item. An important element of the health care system ed. county, providing accessibility spetsializir. honey. assistance to residents of remote and hard-to-reach villages. settlements, is a subdivision of the district clinic. hospitals - mobile consultative-diagnostician. polyclinic on water transport.

For many years of history on ter. HM. A. O. there was a mutual enrichment of Russian. culture with the culture of representatives of the indigenous. population of the district - Khanty, Mansi. In the owls time, much attention was paid to the education of the aborigines. population, club business, radio and cinema. On horseback In 2005, there were 102 cinema installations, 224 cultural and leisure institutions, 6 prof. theaters and 39 museums, including the Kazym ethnogr. Museum-Park, Beloyarsk local historian. museum, ca. ethnogr. museum under open sky"Torum Maa" and others. There were more than 250 public libraries with books. a fund of 4.2 million books and magazines. Operated Center prikl. creativity and crafts of the peoples of the North in Khanty-Mansiysk, Center for nat. cultures of the peoples of the North in the Oktyabrsky district, the Center for the Arts for Gifted Children of the North, the House of Writers, Scientific and Production. center for the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments (Khanty-Mansiysk), Khud. museum, theater (Surgut), branch env. Applied Center creativity and crafts "School-workshop of national folk crafts" (Uray), House of people. creativity; there were new for the culture of the district creative. societies. associations, such as "Artists of Ugra" and "Masters of arts and crafts of Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region". Annually in anticipation of the queue. anniversary of H.-M. A. O. held internationally. festival of TV programs and TV films "Golden Tambourine". They are reborn in the district of old. rite. indigenous holidays. peoples, such as "Bear Games". On ter. district revealed St. 4 thousand monuments and objects of historical cultures. heritage.

Lit.: revived People: On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the formation of the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug. Omsk, 1941; peoples Siberia: Essays. M.; L., 1956; Updated Yugra. Sverdlovsk, 1970; Geography Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. M., 1996; Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region. Khanty-Mansiysk, 1999; Khanty-Mansiysk: 1637–1999: City in Persons, Dates and Facts. Tyumen 2000; Yugoria: Encyclopedia of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug: In 3 volumes. Khanty-Mansiysk, 2000; Information and analytical collection on the socio-economic situation of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in 1990–2001. Khanty-Mansiysk, 2002; Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug: Yugra from A to Z. Tyumen, 2004; Regions Russia: Main characteristics of subjects Russian Federation. 2005: Stat. Sat. M., 2006.

02 One of the main attractions of the city is the so-called Archeopark, also known as the Mammoth Valley.

03 At the foot of the mountain on the banks of the Irtysh there is a fairly large herd of mammoths.

04 The fact is that mammoths once lived on the territory of present-day Khanty-Mansiysk, their bones are still being found.

05 In principle, mammoths lived in many places and where their bones are found, but in Khanty-Mansiysk they were made a national treasure and one of the symbols of the city

06 Even the hockey club playing in the MHL, the younger brother of Yugra, playing in the continental hockey league, is proudly called "Mammoths of Yugra"

07 After all, the city has no history as such, so we have to make mammoths the historical face of the city.

08 Mammoth looks sadly at modern Khanty-Mansiysk

09 In general, the mammoth composition is very impressive and at night with backlight looks just great

10 Smoothly move to the center.

11 In the middle of the central square there is a rotunda fountain

12 Next to the fountain is the largest shopping center of Khanty-Mansiysk - "Gostiny Dvor", built in the shape of a chum

13 It was named so, apparently, by analogy with the shopping centers of St. Petersburg, Ufa and other cities. But there they are called so due to the fact that in these buildings the gostiny yards were originally located. Here it turns out not understand what. They would have called the district administration building the Kremlin.

14 The building is considered controversial and controversial. I don't know what's controversial about it. In the center of any other city, it might look like a tooth in the nose, but here it is more than appropriate. On the walls - a beautiful mosaic on the northern theme

15 The building was not in vain built in the form of a chum. In "modern mall"you can only take a shit on your haunches

16 Nearby - some administrative building of a semicircular shape

17 Right there, on the central square, there is an entrance to Victory Park

18 Bronze busts of heroes of the Soviet Union from all over the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug are installed on the Alley of Warriors

19 The park itself is birch grove and very beautiful at night...

20 ... and in the afternoon

21 In the center of the park is the Motherland, bending over a dead warrior

22 The complex was opened for the 50th anniversary of the Victory.

23 Right there in the park is a T-34 found by Surgut search engines. However, the government of the district forbade the installation of a tank in Surgut, having decided to put it in Khanty-Mansiysk

24 Right next to the district administration building.

25 This is the first remake I have come across in the Stalinist Empire style. Neostalians, so to speak :)

26 In front of the entrance - a massive stele

27 We cross the road and see the so-called. Bronze symbol of Ugra

28 At the foot of the column there are three groups of historical figures. The first - the period of development of Siberia

29 The second - the heyday of imperialist power

30 Third - the builders of communism, who came here to look for oil

31 Above all of them - a woman with outstretched arms (apparently, "Ugra")

33 The crossing is equipped with the latest technology: surveillance cameras and even an elevator for the disabled

34 Apparently a worker

35 In the most exemplary passage there are posters of events taking place in the city

36 But the main achievement, in my opinion, is the presence of this:

37 We leave the passage and get to a kind of culture square. On it are located: an art center for gifted children of the north, a district library, an art museum and other institutions of a similar kind.

38 Faberge fountain in the middle of the square

39 Library

40 At the entrance, a potential reader is greeted by a feathered one with offspring

41 District Art Gallery (by the way, contains originals by Repin, Aivazovsky, Surikov, Levitan and others)

42 Also on the square there is a girl with a tambourine

43 Not far from the square there is another unusual colorful building - the gallery-workshop of the artist Raishev

44 A car interchange is formed in front of the building (as in any self-respecting city)

46 The Museum of Nature and Man, striking in scale and internal content. About his expositions written

47 Near the museum - a sculptural image of a duel between a bear and a hunt

48 The bear, obviously, symbolizes nature, and the hunt - a person

49 Nearby is another sculptural couple. They have a high-tech concert hall Ugra-classic in the background

50 It contains several concert halls of various capacities at once

51 "Ugra-classic, of course, has the most modern concert equipment, a huge retractable movie screen and even its own organ from a famous German company with keys trimmed with mammoth bone"

52 Opposite the concert hall is another park. The entrance to it is a semicircular arch.

53 The park is very pleasant, it has a lot of well-thought-out little things, made in the same style. Bench

55 Lattice under the tree

57 In the midst of a birch grove there is a special bench

58 It has more capacity and is decorated with butterflies

59 There is also an artificial lake in the park with a gazebo-rotunda on the island, but in September there was no water in the lake.

60 A bridge leads to the island to the gazebo

61 The monumental fountain "Ob and Irtysh" is located on the main alley

62 Sculptures of representatives of the wildlife of Yugra are placed on a granite rock

68 Some herons

70 Bear with fish

71 Behind the fountain, the owl is holding a scroll with a seemingly ancient text about the city at the confluence of the Irtysh and the Ob, trying to create the impression of Khanty-Mansiysk as an ancient city (with a rich history)

72 Also, here and there fish were seen on the fountain.

74 "White doves are sitting on the branches of a six-meter metal tree, symbolizing the Finno-Ugric peoples and seated there by the presidents of Finland, Hungary and Estonia, as well as representatives of the delegations that arrived at the congress of the Finno-Ugric peoples. In order to rise to a six-meter height after fixing the birds, the tree was equipped lifting mechanism."

75 Another epic sculpture at the cinema "Langal"

76 Next to the main cinema, there is a so-called. "Yugorsky Film Distribution" is a small cinema hall in which it would be logical to play any arthouse and non-format, however, the repertoire is the same as that of "Langal", just with a delay

77 At the entrance - two old movie cameras

80 The building is certainly very unusual and attractive from the outside...

81 ... and inside

82 Vladimir Igoshev, in fact, was a Muscovite, traveled almost the whole world, painted pictures everywhere. In particular, he made artistic visits to KhMAO. Now for this he is considered here as a national artist, and he was so grateful for the fact that he once painted several canvases depicting the village of Khanty-Mansiysk, that they built him a whole house-museum, in which there is even a master’s study. If he wishes, he can always come here and paint new masterpieces. So it was planned in Khanty-Mansiysk. But, unfortunately, Vladimir Igoshev died in 2007, having managed to attend only the opening of the museum.

83 Right in front of the house-museum there is a shiny metal building of an impossible shape, guess what it is :)

84 And this, dear friends, is the chess academy.

85 The building houses chess clubs for children and adults and a café.

86 The building is completely covered with metal scales and shimmers beautifully at night...

87 ... various colors

88 Since the exterior of the building has nothing to do with chess, the chess pieces are planted near the parking lot

89 There are also large figures, a board and even a clock in the hall

90 On the margins of a huge chessboard there are paintings of eminent chess players who came here for the World Chess Olympiad

92 The building, as always, is unusual; at the entrance - a monument to Farman Salmanov

93 Farman Kurbanovich, native of Baku, discoverer of Siberian oil

94 In addition to Salmanov, a certain glass structure on a geological theme was installed at the entrance to the museum

95 Exactly opposite - Yugorsky State University

96 The university celebrated its 10th anniversary in the past year

97 At the main entrance, as expected, thematic sculpture - Socrates and Plato

98 Sports complex YuGU

99 Immediately after the university begins the so-called. Samarovsky chugas is a rather large piece of real taiga in the city center.

100 Chugas is translated from Khanty as "an island on land" and is a hill with steep slopes in the middle of swamps. To make it more convenient to travel through the natural area, wooden ladders were created, which were in disrepair at the time of my visit.

101 On the slopes of the Samara chugas, close to the city center, an Orthodox complex "In the Name of the Resurrection of Christ" was organized. At the base of a long staircase, equipped with fountains, we are met by Cyril and Methodius.

102 At the top is the Resurrection Cathedral, which very effectively opens up to the stairs not by the main entrance, but by the corner

104 Beautiful views of the city from above, which turns out to be very small

105 Angel on the Roof of the Church Administration Building

106 You can drive directly to the entrance to the temple by car. In the distance you can see the dome of the "Gostiny Dvor"

107 Belfry

108 Another pair of sculptures of Tobolsk metropolitans

110 General view

111 We are transported to another part of the city, where the museum of folk architecture of the Khanty and Mansi under the open sky "Torum Maa" is located on a similar chugas. Familiar ladders on steep slopes

114 Minilabaz

116 Iconic wooden sculpture

117 Sanctuary. sacrificial place

118 Sacred barn for spirits

120 Let's continue the theme of the mythology of the Khanty and Mansi on Dzerzhinsky Street, where a number of corresponding sculptures are installed.

121 The objects of worship of the Ob Ugrians were the owners of forests and waters, individual tracts and rivers, idols made of wood, stone or metal. Here we see an image of the wooden idols we have already seen

122 Creation of the earth. In accordance with the myth, a loon pulled a lump of silt from the bottom of the ocean, which then increased to the size of the earth.

123 In the middle world lives "Mother Kaltash" - the many-sided goddess of motherhood

124 People's lives are ruled by "The Watcher of the World"

125 Forest spirits are masters of the forest

126 Spirit of water - "Water prince-lord"

127 After a long winter, in the form of a crow, a “celestial maiden” flies to people, foreshadowing the onset of spring and the crow festival

128 We continue the theme of small architectural forms. From the central square, almost to the very outskirts of the city (which, by the way, is not much at all - less than a kilometer), there are groups of people with various umbrellas

129 These, apparently, let the bird out of the cage

131 These saw a UFO

132 ... or, at worst, an airship

133 These fight the wind

135 The sculptures reminded me very much of Yekaterinburg, and indeed:

136 More from sculpture. Monument to the victims of political repression, some kind of indistinct

137 People have been exiled to the territory of KhMAO since the time of the Decembrists

138 Another epic monument - "Fire of sports glory of Ugra"

139 Inside the building there are slabs with the names of famous sportsmen of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. A fire burns in a bowl hanging on cables from above on the days of sporting events. Apparently, it looks very impressive, but during my visit the fire was not burning. So the hockey match "Ugra" - "Severstal" is not enough sporting event))).

140 Let's walk through the typical Khanty-Mansiysk architecture. Journalist's House

141 School №1

142 The school is very big. This is what the other end looks like:

143 Walking around the city, I noticed a rather impressive glass structure of a rounded shape. Approaching, it turned out that this is a kindergarten

144 Moreover, this is just one of his buildings - "Central"

145 In addition to it, there are also "Fabulous" ...

146 ... and "Flower"

147 While I was photographing "Flower" and "Fairytale", a security guard came out of the "Central" and forbade me to take pictures. To my questions about the reasons for the ban, the guard could not find an answer for a long time, after which the following was born in his brilliant brain: “The kindergarten is very beautiful, what if you take a picture of it and put it on the Internet, and some idiots will see it and want to organize a terrorist attack. same children!" After some bickering, I defiantly took a few more shots and left.

148 Let's continue. They say that in the village period of the history of Khanty-Mansiysk, there was one interesting building here - a fire tower. In memory of this, a new tower was built here, with a siding roof and double-glazed windows

149 In fact, with the exception of the aforementioned structures, Khanty-Mansiysk is still largely a village

150 Luxurious new buildings side by side with wooden shacks

151 And that's considered normal. Residents of wooden houses insert plastic windows and live like nothing happened

152 House with stars

153 Someone is drying the fish...

154 Someone is guarding the territory with a dog...

155 Someone put up a new gate, but forgot to remove the old one...

156 Someone's shed squinted...

157 Someone has a house with a mezzanine, so to speak...

158 And someone has a mansion

159 Someone has a dynamic house number

160 Does anyone live on Patrice Lumumba Street?

161 All around are the inalienable features of the village: balloon gas...

162 ... and of course speakers!

163 I remind you: all this splendor is right in the center of the city, mixed with pretentious new buildings

164 A dog sleeps peacefully by a weed bed made from a wheel

165 Typical Store

166 In a word, - the village

167 Let us turn our attention to what the Khanty-Mansi people are proud of, what the local authorities are promoting..

168 Continue

169 Enterprising locals are not far behind:

173 That's all

I've never written such long posts, I hope there are people who read everything to the end, and if some of them also liked it, then I'm just immensely happy :)

From the history of the district

The legendary Ugra is the historical homeland, first of all, of the Ob-Ugric peoples: Khanty, Mansi, Nenets and Selkups. They were engaged in hunting, fishing, cattle breeding. After the Turkic peoples pushed them from south to north, these peoples transferred their skills to more severe conditions. It was in the new place that the Ugrians began to domesticate the deer.

The most ancient human settlements on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra appeared in the Mesolithic era. During the Neolithic period, there was a settlement mainly on the left bank of the river. Obi. The Early Bronze Age is marked by a large number of settlements on the right bank of the Ob (Barsova Gora, Surgut region). In the ensuing era of the early Iron Age, the Ob region was settled. During the early Middle Ages, the decomposition of the tribal system and the formation of the most characteristic features of the Khanty and Mansi ethnic groups began.

In the first millennium of our era, on the vast expanses of the taiga right bank of the Ob, large settlements appeared - Khanty fortresses. Their inhabitants hunted fur-bearing animals, fished, defended themselves from enemies.

In the first half of the second millennium AD, the main features of the material and spiritual culture of the Khanty, Mansi and Forest Nenets developed. It is believed that since then they have not undergone major changes.

In the XII-XIII centuries. in the Irtysh and Ob regions, territorial-clan associations of the Khanty and Mansi, called principalities, developed. Each principality had its own town, which acted as an administrative, religious and economic center. From the second half of the 13th century, a new factor in the development of the territory was its entry into the Golden Horde. During this period, the Siberians (a people descended from the merger of the Ugrians and the Turks) had leaders who had military squads and transferred power by inheritance. In the XIII century. Among the Siberians rose the leader Taybuga, who founded the city of Chimgi-Tura, the center of the Tyumen Khanate.

At the end of the XIV century. the collapse of the Golden Horde led to the separation of the Tyumen Khanate with its capital in Chimgi-Tur and the ruling Taibugin dynasty. In 1495, the Siberian Khanate was formed, with the city of Kashlyk (Isker, Siberia) as its capital. It was then that the basic principles of the political-administrative and socio-economic organization of the territory were formed. At that time it was called Yugra.

The beginning of the successive annexation of Siberia to the Muscovite state was laid in 1582 by the campaign of Yermak's detachment. In the autumn of 1585, after the death of Yermak, the Cossacks, under the leadership of the voivode Ivan Mansurov, founded the first Russian fortified settlement, the Ob town, at the mouth of the Irtysh on the right bank of the Ob. Thus, the Mansi and Khanty lands were part of Russian state, which was finally secured in 1592 by the founding of the cities of Pelym, Berezov, and in 1594 - Surgut. The towns that appeared in the Ob North began to serve as a place of trade. In the most busy areas, special stations for changing horses - "pits" arose. In 1637, two pits were built - Demyansky and Samarovsky (now the city of Khanty-Mansiysk).

By decree of Peter I in 1708, the Siberian province was established (it included the cities of Berezov, Surgut). In 1775, by decree of Catherine II, the Tobolsk province was created. XVIII-XIX centuries distinguished by a peaceful policy towards Western Siberia. It took the form of an agrarian resettlement area for European Russia. From the middle of the XVIII century. the region becomes a place of exile for state criminals. Prince Alexander Menshikov, the family of princes Dolgoruky, Count Andrei Osterman were serving their sentences in Berezov. After the events on Senate Square, the Decembrists were exiled here.

In the 19th century, especially from the second half, the development of capitalist relations began in the region. The turnover of Yugra fairs grew: Surgut, Berezovskaya, Laryakskaya, Yuganskaya.

From the end of 1920, the collectivization of the region was carried out. Since 1930, “special settlers” began to be sent to the North from all over the country, with whose hands Khanty-Mansiysk was largely built, and many settlements were equipped. One of the leading industries was the timber industry, which supplied timber not only to Siberia, but also to the Urals. In 1934, the first steps were taken to search for and explore oil and gas in the district.

Formation of statehood

The territory on which the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is located became part of Russia at the end of the 16th century. WITH early XVII centuries, Pelymsky, Berezovsky, Surgut and Tobolsk counties were included in the Tobolsk category. In 1677, the Surgut district became part of the Tomsk category. In 1708, by decree of Peter I, the Siberian province was established, which included the cities of Berezov and Surgut. And since 1775, the territory of the district was already part of the Tobolsk province and included the Surgut district, the "Pelymsky part" of the Turin district, the southern part of the Berezovsky and the northern part of the Tobolsk districts. In 1822-1882, the Kondinsky and Surgut branches of the Berezovsky district, the Pelymsky branch of the Turin district and the northern part of the Tobolsk district were located on the territory of the district. At the beginning of the 20th century, the administrative-geographical area on which the territory of the modern Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was located was called the Tobolsk North.

After the October Revolution, the administrative-territorial structure of the Yugra region changed several times, the district was part of various regions several times. April 5, 1918 Tobolsk province was renamed Tyumen. The lands of the district were located within the boundaries of Berezovsky, Surgut and partially Tobolsk counties. On November 3, 1923, the Tyumen province was abolished, the territory of the district was included in the Ural region.

On December 10, 1930, on the basis of a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR, the Ostyako-Vogulsky National District was formed with the center in the village of Samarovo. The new region included six districts: Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Laryaksky, Samarovsky, Surgutsky, Shuryshkarsky. On January 17, 1934, the district became part of the Ob-Irtysh region. He will stay in its composition for only 11 months - already in December 1934 - the district will be transferred to the Omsk region. Since 1937, the Shuryshkarsky district has been transferred to the Yamalo-Nenets national district.

On October 23, 1940, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Ostyako-Vogulsky National Okrug was renamed Khanty-Mansiysk. August 14, 1944 he became part of the newly formed Tyumen region.

The territorial formation of the region began in the late 1950s. In 1957, the Mikoyanovsky district was renamed into Oktyabrsky, and 3 years later the Samarovsky district was named Khanty-Mansiysk. In 1962, the Laryaksky district became Nizhnevartovsky. On February 15, 1968, the Sovietsky district was formed. On July 23, 1980, the Nefteyugansk region appeared on the map of Ugra. Much later, in 1988, the cities of Beloyarsky and Beloyarsky districts were formed.

In accordance with the Constitution of the USSR, adopted on October 7, 1977, the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug received the status of an autonomous region and became known as the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The 1993 constitution made the region an equal subject of the Russian Federation. It has its own territory, charter, coat of arms, flag, forms the bodies of legislative, state power and local self-government, has property, the right of legislative initiative in the State Duma, representation in the Federation Council.

On July 25, 2003, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, a significant semantic clarification was introduced into the Charter of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - the Okrug was named Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

Currently, there are 22 municipalities in the Autonomous Okrug, of which 9 districts are Beloyarsky, Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Nefteyugansky, Nizhnevartovsky, Oktyabrsky, Sovetsky, Surgutsky, Khanty-Mansiysk, and 13 cities - Kogalym, Langepas, Megion, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk, Nyagan, Pokachi, Pyt-Yakh, Rainbow, Surgut, Uray, Khanty-Mansiysk, Yugorsk.

Geography and climatic conditions

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is located in the middle part of Russia and the Eurasian continent. From west to east, the territory of the region extends for 1400 km from the eastern slopes of the Northern Urals almost to the banks of the Yenisei; from north to south - 900 km from the Siberian Uvals to the Kondinsky taiga. The extreme northern point is located at the head of the river. Khulga in the Berezovsky district, the extreme south - near the urban-type settlement of Kuminsky, the extreme west - in the mountains of the Northern Urals at the head of the river. Northern Sosva, extreme eastern - at the head of the river. Wah. In the north, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the northwest - on the Republic of Komi, in the southwest - on the Sverdlovsk Region, in the south - on the Tobolsk and Uvatsky districts of the Tyumen Region, in the southeast and east - on the Tomsk Region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The entire territory of Ugra belongs to the regions of the Far North.

The borders of the region are determined by the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 10, 1930 "On the organization of national associations in the areas of settlement of small peoples of the North." Ugra includes the territories of the cities of district significance: Beloyarsky, Kogalym, Langepas, Megion, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk, Nyagan, Pokachi, Pyt-Yakh, Raduzhny, Surgut, Uray, Khanty-Mansiysk, Yugorsk, the territories of Beloyarsky, Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Nefteyugansky, Nizhnevartovsk, Oktyabrsky, Sovetsky, Surgut and Khanty-Mansiysk regions.

The Okrug borders simultaneously with six subjects of the Russian Federation. It is located in the zone of taiga forests and swamps. The relief of the region is diverse: on its territory there are plains, foothills and mountains. The highest points are Mount Narodnaya (1895 m) in the Subpolar Urals and Mount Pedy (1010 m) in the Northern Urals.

Two large rivers flow in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug: the Ob, 3,650 km long, and its tributary, the Irtysh, 3,580 km long. The tributaries of these rivers are also commensurate with large water arteries. For example, the Bolshoi Yugan and the Vakh (tributaries of the Ob) are compared with the Vistula and Odra. A tributary of the Irtysh, the Konda River is comparable to the Rhine. Almost all the rivers of the district have a low flow rate, are characterized by spring-summer floods and floods. One third of the territory of the district is occupied by swamps. Surrounded by swamps and forests, there are about 300 thousand lakes.

The climate of the district is temperate continental. It is distinguished by a sharp change in weather in spring and autumn, temperature changes during the day. Winters are long, snowy and cold. Frosts can be established for several weeks at air temperatures below minus 30 degrees. Summer is short and warm.

Administrative-territorial structure and population

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is divided into 9 districts, 13 urban districts, 26 urban-type settlements, 58 rural settlements.

Initially, when the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was formed in 1930 as part of the Ural Region, Yugra was divided into 6 districts: Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Laryaksky, Samarovsky, Surgutsky, Shuryshkarsky. It was also envisaged the creation of the Lumpokol district, but it was never formed. After 7 years, the Shuryshkarsky district became part of the Yamalo-Nenets national district. In 1957 Mikoyanovsky district was renamed into Oktyabrsky. Laryaksky district was named Nizhnevartovsky in 1962. And soon Samarovsky district became Khanty-Mansiysk. In the 60s-80s, new territories were formed in the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug. During this period, Soviet, Nefteyugansk and Beloyarsk regions appeared.

The administrative-territorial division of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is based on the principles of historically established settlement, location of mining enterprises in the territories of development natural resources, the effectiveness of state and local self-government and the maximum use of the economic potential of the region. All decisions on issues relating to changes in the boundaries of settlements are made taking into account the opinion of the population.

The preliminary estimate of the population of the Autonomous Okrug at the beginning of 2013 was 1583.9 thousand people. (3rd place in the Ural Federal District and 27th place in the Russian Federation). This is the largest region in terms of population, the territory of which is equated to the regions of the Far North.

The Autonomous Okrug is characterized by a high degree of urbanization. The share of the urban population at the beginning of 2013 was 91.8%.

District Economy Complex

The specificity of the Okrug's economy is single-industry with raw material orientation. The most developing industries are: mining, chemical production, energy and construction.

The share of Yugra in the total Russian oil production in 2012 was 50.2%. During this period, 259.9 million tons were mined in the territory of the Autonomous Okrug. There are 10 vertically integrated oil companies and 14 independent producers in the region. The largest subsoil users are OAO NK Rosneft, OAO Surgutneftegaz, OAO NK LUKOIL, and TNK-BP. Since 1964, when fields began to be intensively developed in Yugra, 10,219.97 million tons of oil have been produced.

The share of the Autonomous Okrug in the total volume of gas production in Russia is 4.9%. In 2012, 32.3 billion cubic meters were extracted. m. is 2.4% more than in the previous one.

The resources of the Autonomous Okrug ensure the energy security of the country, create the necessary basis for the further development of the economic complex, and form the basis of its export potential.

In terms of proven and proven reserves of hydrocarbons, production opportunities, the state of the production infrastructure and the profitability of development, the Autonomous Okrug remains the main strategic resource base of Russia's hydrocarbons for the coming decades.

Processing of oil and gas products in Ugra is carried out by 6 enterprises. Eight gas processing enterprises are engaged in the utilization of associated petroleum gas.

Over the past three decades, the most powerful electric power complex in the country has been created in the region. OAO Surgutskaya GRES-1, OAO Surgutskaya GRES-2 and OAO Nizhnevartovskaya GRES provide the main share of electricity generation in the Autonomous Okrug. Their total capacity is more than 10.5 thousand MW.

The volume of construction work in Ugra is growing every year. In 2012, more than 1 million square meters of housing were commissioned. This has been achieved for the first time since 1990. Mortgage lending is actively developing: in the rating of regions of the Russian Federation, the district took 2nd place in terms of the number of loans granted.

A well-developed network of modern roads, railways, waterways, intensive air communication with cities in Russia and abroad is one of the determining factors for the effective development of economic ties. Two of the 18 main road corridors of Russia pass through the territory of Yugra: the Northern Route (Perm - Serov - Ivdel - Khanty-Mansiysk - Nefteyugansk - Surgut - Nizhnevartovsk - Tomsk) and the Siberian Corridor (Tyumen - Surgut - Novy Urengoy - Nadym - Salekhard).

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is an export-oriented region, and in the total volume of foreign trade turnover, exports account for 95.8%, imports - 4.2%. For export are: mineral fuel, oil and products of their distillation, bituminous substances, mineral waxes; wood, charcoal. Of the total export volume, 99.4% is crude oil. Import of goods and services to the region for Last year decreased by 25.5%. Imported to Yugra: aircraft; boilers, equipment and mechanical devices, their parts; products from ferrous metals; electrical machines and equipment.

A special place in the Ugra economy is occupied by the development of innovations. There are 90 innovative companies operating in the region, most of which are residents of the Technopark. The Autonomous Okrug is implementing a standard for the activities of the executive bodies of state power of the Autonomous Okrug to ensure a favorable investment climate (hereinafter referred to as the Standard). The standard is designed to improve the investment climate in the Autonomous Okrug and, taking into account the best regional practices, create the necessary minimum conditions for increasing the inflow of investments into the Autonomous Okrug.

To support the subjects of innovative activity in the region, the following were created: autonomous institution Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra “Technopark high technology”; non-profit organizations: “Ugra Entrepreneurship Support Fund”; “Fund for the promotion of investment in small and medium-sized businesses in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra “Microfinance Fund of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra”. Support is also provided by the Yugra Technology Transfer Center (on the basis of URIIT) and Okruzhnoy Business Incubator LLC.

The main priority for the development of the construction industry of the Autonomous Okrug in the forecast period is the creation of new and technical re-equipment of existing facilities for the production of building materials, which is necessary to ensure the increasing volume of construction work in subsequent years as part of the implementation of national projects.

The socio-economic policy of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is aimed primarily at creating comfortable living conditions for the population, improving the level and quality of life of the people of Yugra.

At the end of the year, the volume of commissioned housing amounted to 1,021 thousand square meters. m.

As a result, the provision of housing for an average citizen of the Autonomous Okrug in 2012 amounted to 19.6 sq. meters, having increased by 0.6 m compared to 2011. In the medium term, about 15 billion rubles are projected to be spent annually on housing construction, which will increase the provision of housing to the population in the Autonomous Okrug in 2015 to 20.9 sq. m. m.

Flora and fauna

Plants

The flora of the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug has over 800 species higher plants. Almost the entire territory of the district is located within one natural zone - taiga forests, only in the extreme north-west in the Urals part it enters the zone of forest tundra and mountain tundra. Most of the territory is occupied by heavily swamped taiga. The vegetation is represented by communities of mixed and coniferous forests, swamps, water meadows, reservoirs, and mountain tundra. In the northern regions, the composition of vegetation is greatly influenced by permafrost. The forest cover of the territory is 52%. The zone of middle taiga dominates, which is represented by dark coniferous, light coniferous, small-leaved and mixed forests. Spruce, cedar, fir, pine, larch, birch, alder grow in them. Of particular note are the extensive light lichen forests widely distributed in the northern regions of the district, used as reindeer pastures. River floodplains and lowlands are characterized by meadow vegetation. High floodplains of large rivers are often covered with park-type willow forests, willow-birch, willow-birch-aspen grass forests. Forests and swamps are rich in berries: cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, currants, cloudberries, raspberries, wild roses, bird cherry, mountain ash. IN traditional medicine Indigenous peoples used about 200 plant species.

Fauna

The fauna of the district is typical for the taiga zone of Russia. The vertebrate fauna includes 369 species. Mammals are represented by 60 species, 28 of which are commercial. The most common and economically valuable are: fox, arctic fox, squirrel, sable, marten, ermine, weasel, polecat, mink, weasel, otter, hare, wild reindeer, elk, etc. The wolverine and the West Siberian river beaver.

The avifauna of the Okrug is represented by 256 species of birds, including 206 sedentary and nesting species. The most numerous orders are Passeriformes, Charadriiformes and Anseriformes. The basis of the hunting fauna (48 species) is formed by geese, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, partridges, ducks, sandpipers. Of the predators, the vulture hawk, the marsh harrier, and the long-eared owl should be especially noted. There are rare species listed in the Red Book: curly pelican, black stork, common flamingo, lesser white-fronted goose, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, black crane, Siberian Crane (white crane), thin-billed curlew, white-tailed eagle, osprey, gyrfalcon, black goose, red-breasted goose. There are 42 species of fish in rivers and lakes. Of these, only 19 are commercial - sterlet, lelma, muksun, peled (cheese cheese), broad whitefish (shokur), whitefish (pyzhyan), Sosvinskaya herring (tugun), burbot, pike, ide, roach, bream, dace, perch, ruff , golden and silver carp, and carp are grown in the cooling ponds of the Surgut and Nizhnevartovskaya state district power stations. The species listed in the Red Book is the sturgeon.

The county is infamous for the abundance of mosquitoes and midges. A huge number of blood-sucking insects is a significant hindrance to pets and people working in the open air. So, for example, the average number of adult mosquitoes in the forest area in the Ob and its tributaries is from 4 to 12 specimens per 1 sq.m of territory. Mosquitoes appear in late May - mid-June, and their mass departure occurs in early July. By the end of August, the number and activity of mosquitoes are significantly reduced. The period of the greatest activity of midges, when they attack people, falls on the second half of summer.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra - a subject of the Russian Federation, which is part of the Tyumen region. Located in the Ural Federal District. The Okrug is an economically self-sufficient donor region. The main oil and gas region of Russia and one of the largest oil producing regions in the world. The length of the borders of the district is 4750 km. The population of the region is 1,646.1 thousand people. The administrative center is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. The largest cities are Surgut (348.6 thousand people), Nizhnevartovsk (270.8 thousand people), Nefteyugansk (125.4 thousand people). In 1930, the Ostyako-Vogulsky national district was formed, which was part of the Ural region, since 1934 it was part of the Ob-Irtysh region. In 1944, the region became part of the Tyumen region. In 1978, the region was renamed the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, and in 2003 the Okrug received its current name - the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra. Since 1993, the district has received autonomy and has become a full-fledged subject of the Russian Federation.

Economy

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is one of the oil and gas bearing regions of the country and one of the largest oil-producing regions in the world.

In the sectoral structure of industry, respectively, the dominant position is occupied by the oil and gas industry, whose share is 81.7%, the electric power industry - 6.1%, manufacturing - 12.2%.

Oil and gas production in the Okrug is carried out by 51 enterprises, 33 of which are part of vertically integrated oil companies, 18 are independent companies.The Okrug's share in the total Russian oil production is 43.6%. The largest volume of oil production belongs to PJSC NK Rosneft, OJSC Surgutneftegaz, PJSC NK LUKOIL. These three companies produce 78.8% of all oil in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra. 413 oil and gas fields have been discovered, of which the largest are: Samotlor, Fedorovskoye, Mamontovskoye, Priobskoye.

There are 6 oil refineries and 9 gas processing enterprises on the territory of the Okrug. The stability of the electric power complex is ensured by: OAO Surgutskaya GRES-1, OAO Surgutskaya GRES-2”, OAO Nizhnevartovskaya GRES and Nyaganskaya GRES, with a total installed capacity of more than 12.1 GW. At the end of 2016, the district's energy system generated a record 92.6 billion kilowatt-hours.

1,937.0 thousand rubles per capita

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was formed in 1930, until 1940 it was called the Ostyako-Vogulsky National Okrug. It is located in the Tyumen region in the Urals Federal District.

The district is located in the center of the West Siberian lowland. It borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tomsk, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk Regions and the Komi Republic.

The area is 534.8 thousand square kilometers. The district includes 9 districts, 13 urban districts. The administrative center is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. Big cities— Surgut, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk.

The population of the district, according to Rosstat as of January 1, 2014, amounted to 1597.0 thousand people. The national composition of the population of the district is dominated by Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Bashkirs.

The indigenous (aboriginal) population is represented by three small ethnic groups - Khanty, Mansi and Forest Nenets. Their total number is about 1.5%.

Governor of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Natalya Komarova (since 2010).

Two large rivers flow through the territory of the district: the Ob, 3,650 kilometers long, and its tributary, the Irtysh, 3,580 kilometers long. The climate of the district is temperate continental. It is distinguished by a sharp change in weather in spring and autumn, temperature changes during the day.

The Okrug occupies most of the territory of the West Siberian oil and gas province and is one of the largest oil producing regions in the world. About 7% of world oil and about half of Russian oil are produced here, more than 4% of the volume of all-Russian gas.

As of 2013, on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, 467 hydrocarbon deposits were recorded on the balance sheet, including 406 oil fields, 22 gas and gas condensate, 39 oil and gas condensate, oil and gas and gas and oil fields. The largest are Samotlor, Fedorovskoe, Mamontovskoe, Priobskoe.

The largest volume of extracted oil is in the Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk and Khanty-Mansiysk regions.

In 2014, the region produced 250.5 million tons of oil, 31,771.5 million cubic meters of natural and associated gas.

Most of the oil reserves of the distributed subsoil fund (95%) are on the balance sheet of the largest vertically integrated oil companies OAO TNK-BP Holding, OAO Rosneft, OAO LUKOIL, OAO Surgutneftegaz, OAO Slavneft, OAO " Gazprom Neft and OAO RussNeft.

Alluvial gold is mined in the district (projected gold reserves exceed 216 tons), vein quartz and collection raw materials. Deposits of brown and black coal have been discovered. Deposits of iron ores, copper, zinc, lead, niobium, tantalum, manifestations of bauxite, etc. have been discovered.

The most powerful electric power complex in the country has been created in the region. The main share of electricity generation in the Autonomous Okrug is provided by OAO Surgutskaya GRES-1, OAO Surgutskaya GRES-2, OAO Nizhnevartovskaya GRES and Nyaganskaya GRES.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is an export-oriented region, in the total volume of foreign trade turnover, exports account for 95.6%, imports - 4.4%. Mineral fuel, oil and products of their distillation, bituminous substances, mineral waxes are exported; wood, charcoal. Of the total exports, 99.4% is crude oil.

A special place in the Ugra economy is occupied by the development of innovations. To support the subjects of innovative activity in the region, the following were created: an autonomous institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra "Technopark of High Technologies", non-profit organizations "Ugra Entrepreneurship Support Fund"; "Development Fund of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra", "Microfinance Fund of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra". There are 130 innovative companies operating in the region, most of which are residents of the Technopark.

All research activities of Ugra are concentrated in higher educational institutions districts.

The system of higher professional education of KhMAO consists of two regional universities and an academy, as well as two federal universities— Yugra State University and Nizhnevartovsk State University.

18 small innovative enterprises have been created at universities. They are engaged in research activities in which students also take part.

On the territory of the Autonomous Okrug there are monuments of history and culture: museums, theaters, archaeological complexes. There are 35 museums and their branches in Ugra. Most of the museums are historical, local lore and ethnographic.

In Khanty-Mansiysk, there is an open-air ethnographic museum "Torum Maa", founded in 1987. The museum broadcasts the living culture of the indigenous peoples of the North. In addition to exhibiting the rarest items, the museum "Torum Maa" holds ritual holidays of the indigenous peoples of the North.

There are two state reserves in the district - "Yugansky" and "Malaya Sosva", four natural park, eight reserves.

Every year the district center becomes a platform for international cinema. Guests and participants of the festival of cinematographic debuts "Spirit of Fire" are gathering in Ugra. It was established by the government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation in 2002.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources