Borders of Russia. Total length of Russian borders Border straits

The Russian Federation is the largest state on the planet by area. It occupies more than 30% of the Eurasian continent.

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It also holds a record for the number of neighboring countries, of which there are 18, including the partially recognized republics. The Russian border passes with other states, both by land and by sea.

Main terms

A state border is a line that defines the spatial limit of the sovereignty of a particular country.

In fact, it is precisely this that determines the territory of the country, its airspace, subsoil and land.

The state border plays a huge role for any country. It is within this line that the laws of a particular state operate, its rights to carry out mining, fishing, etc. are established.

There are two main types of state borders and one additional:

The emergence of state borders occurred along with the emergence of the states themselves.

IN modern world Most states control the crossing of their territories and allow this to be done only through specialized checkpoints.

Only the state borders of some countries can be crossed freely (for example, countries participating in the Schengen Agreement).

The Russian Federation protects them with the help of units of the Border Service of the Federal Security Service of Russia, as well as the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (air defense units and the Navy).

Total length

Before dealing with the question of what are the land and sea borders of Russia, it is necessary to determine their total length.

It must be taken into account that in most sources it is given without taking into account the territories that appeared in Russian Federation after Crimea joined it in 2014.

According to the Federal Security Service of Russia, the total length, taking into account those that arose after the annexation of Crimea, is 61,667 km; before that moment, their length was 60,932 km.

Fact. The length of Russia's borders is greater than the length of the equator.

How long by sea

The northern ones fall entirely on the seas of the Arctic Ocean. In total, it accounts for 19,724.1 km. Another 16,997.9 km are borders along the Pacific Ocean.

Comment. It is important to correctly determine the maritime boundary. It is located at a distance of 12 nautical miles. The exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles.

On this territory, Russia cannot prohibit free navigation to other countries, but has the sole right to engage in fishing, mineral extraction, etc.

Navigation in the seas of the Arctic Ocean is quite a complex task. They are under drifting ice all year round.

In fact, only nuclear-powered icebreakers are capable of sailing in these waters. In the waters of the Pacific Ocean, the situation with shipping is much simpler.

By land area

Directly on land, the borders of Russia have a length of 14,526.5 km. But you should know that land ones also include rivers and lakes.

Their length in Russia is another 7775.5 km. The longest land border is the Russian-Kazakh border.

With which countries

Russia is not only the largest country with a huge length of borders, it is also the leader in the number of neighboring countries.

In total, the Russian Federation recognizes the existence of borders with 18 states, including 2 partially recognized republics - Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

Comment. The international community considers Abkhazia and South Ossetia to be part of Georgia. Because of this, Russia’s state borders with them are also not recognized.

The Russian Federation considers these regions to be completely separate independent states.

Here is a complete list of states with which the Russian Federation has a state border:

• Norway;
• Finland;
• Estonia;
• Latvia;
• Lithuania;
• Poland;
• Belarus;
• Ukraine;
• Abkhazia;
• Georgia;
• South Ossetia;
• Azerbaijan;
• Kazakhstan;
• Mongolia;
• China (PRC);
• DPRK;
• Japan;

Japan and the United States of America do not have land borders with the Russian Federation, but only sea ones.

From the USA they pass through the Bering Strait and are only 49 km. The length of the Russian-Japanese route is also not great - 194.3 km.

The border between Russia and Kazakhstan is the longest. It stretches for 7598.6 km, with the sea part accounting for only 85.8 km.

Another 1,516.7 km is the river Russian-Kazakh border, 60 km is the lake border.

The land part of it directly accounts for 5936.1 km. Russia has the shortest border with North Korea. Its length is only less than 40 km.

The land border with China, 4,209.3 km long, also deserves special attention.

It is directly land only for 650.3 km. And most of the Russian-Chinese route passes along rivers - 3,489 km.

Territorial disputes

The Russian Federation tries to peacefully resolve border issues with its neighbors and most of the territorial disputes that arose after the collapse of the USSR and even during its existence have been resolved over the past 28 years. However, such issues cannot be completely avoided.

Currently, Russia has active territorial disputes with the following countries:

• Japan;
• Ukraine.

A territorial dispute with Japan arose during the existence of Soviet Union, actually immediately after the end of the Second World War and attempts by countries to begin peaceful coexistence.

It concerns exclusively the southern Kuril Islands (in Japan - the “northern territories”).

Japan insists on their transfer to it and denies the establishment of USSR sovereignty over them following the results of the Second World War.

The presence of a territorial dispute with Japan led to the fact that the USSR, and later Russia, were never able to agree with this state on signing a peace treaty.

At different times, many attempts were made to resolve the controversial territorial issue, but all of them did not lead to results.

But negotiations between states continue and the issue is resolved exclusively within their framework.

The territorial dispute between Russia and Ukraine arose quite recently, after Crimea became part of the Russian Federation.

The new Ukrainian authorities refused to recognize the referendum held on the peninsula and declared the territory transferred to Russia “temporarily occupied.”

Many Western countries have taken a similar position. As a result, the Russian Federation fell under a variety of sanctions.

The border between Crimea and Ukraine was established unilaterally by the Russian side.

In April 2014, after the annexation of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol to the Russian Federation.

Ukraine responded by declaring a free economic zone in the region and establishing appropriate customs rules.

Although there was no military conflict over the territorial affiliation of Crimea, relations between the Russian Federation and Ukraine became extremely tense.

The latter made various attempts to destabilize the situation in the region. The world community also practically did not recognize the annexation of Crimea to Russia.

Territorial disputes with the following countries have already been resolved through negotiations in history modern Russia:

In most cases, the issue of disputed territories is resolved through negotiations.

All parties, including Russia, are making great efforts to achieve this. But sometimes such issues arise again, and all approvals have to start all over again.

The total length of Russia's borders is the largest in the world and reaches 62,269 km. Of these, the length of the sea borders is 37636.6 km and the land borders are 24625.3 km. Of the maritime boundaries on the coast of the Arctic, or the Russian Arctic sector, there are 19,724.1 km, and on the sea coast - 16,997.9 km.

Maritime boundaries extend 12 nautical miles (22.7 km) from the coast, separating internal territorial waters from international ones. The border of Russia's maritime economic zone is located 200 nautical miles (about 370 km) from the coast. Within this zone, navigation of any countries is allowed, but the development and extraction of all types of natural resources located in the waters, on the bottom and in the subsoil, is carried out only by Russia. Other countries may mine here Natural resources only in agreement with the Russian government. The northern borders of the country completely pass through the waters of the seas: , East Siberian and (follow the map). In addition, all of them are covered with drifting multi-year pack ice all year round, so navigation across the seas is difficult and is only possible with the use of nuclear icebreaking ships.

Russia's eastern borders run primarily along waters Pacific Ocean and its seas: Bering and Japanese. Our country's closest maritime neighbors here are Japan and. The length of the maritime border with is 194.3 km, and with the USA - 49 km. The narrow La Perouse Strait separates Russian territorial waters from the island of Hokkaido.

In the south and southwest of Russia, maritime borders pass with countries (, and), as well as with sea waters. Across the waters and seas - with Ukraine and. connects our country with, and along it there are waterways to Europe and. Thus, Russia is one of the great maritime powers and it has both a commercial and naval fleet.

The land borders of our Motherland are very long. In the northwest our neighbors are Norway and Finland. The length of the border with is 219.1 km, and with Finland - 1325.8 km. The length of the border along the Baltic Sea coast is 126.1 km. Along the western border of Russia there are states: Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and. The land border passes through the territory of the Kaliningrad region with Lithuania. The section of the maritime border near the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (sea coast of the Kaliningrad region) is 140 km. In addition, the length of the river border of the region with Lithuania is 206.6 km, the lake border is 30.1 km, and with Poland is 236.3 km.

The length of Russia's land border with Estonia is 466.8 km, with Latvia - 270.6 km, with Latvia - 1239 km, with Ukraine - 2245.8 km. The length of the Black Sea sea border is 389.5 km, along the Caspian Sea - 580 km, and along the Caspian Sea - 350 km.

Russia's southern border with Georgia and Azerbaijan runs along the mountain ranges of the Main Caucasus (Watershed) Range and the spurs of the Samur Range. The length of the border with Georgia is 897.9 km, with Azerbaijan - 350 km. On the coast of the Caspian Sea, the southern border of Russia with Kazakhstan runs along the Caspian lowland, along the plains and hills of the Urals and Trans-Urals, the southern outskirts of the lowland and along the river valley it approaches the foothills. The total length of the land border with Kazakhstan reaches 7598.6 km.

Russian border guards also guard land borders in the mountains and. The total length of the Tajik border reaches 1909 km.

Further east, Russia's southern border with and passes through the high mountains of Altai, Western and. To the east of Mongolia, Russia again borders China along the Argun and Ussuri, which are shared by both countries. The total length of land borders with China is 4209.3 km, and with China - 3485 km.

In the extreme southeast, Russia borders on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The length of the border is 39.4 km.

As you can see, most of the borders of our country run along natural boundaries: seas, rivers and mountains. Some of them make international contacts difficult. These are high mountain ranges covered with perennial pack ice in southern Russia. European, Barents, Baltic, Black, Azov and border rivers and river valleys contribute to Russia's diverse connections with foreign countries.

Due to the large length of longitude in Russia, the time difference is large - it is 10. Accordingly, the entire territory of the country is divided into 10 time zones. In sparsely populated areas and on the seas, time zone boundaries follow meridians. In densely populated areas they are carried out along the borders of administrative regions, territories and autonomous republics, skirting big cities. This is done to make it easier to calculate time. Within administrative units, a single time is established. in many time zones is accompanied by a number of inconveniences and difficulties. Thus, Central Television programs from Moscow have to be repeated specifically for residents of the eastern regions of the country, since many programs there occur late at night or early in the morning. At the same time, the time difference allows you to maneuver the use of electricity. With the help of powerful transmission line systems, the maximum supply of electricity moves with the sun, making it possible to make do with fewer power plants.

Every place on Earth has its own local time. In addition, there are summer and winter local times. This is when, by order of the government of a number of states, in March-April the clock hands are moved 1 hour forward, and in September-October - 1 hour back. For the convenience of international and intercity communications, the so-called standard time is introduced. In Russia, train and plane schedules are based on Moscow time.

In the USSR, for a more rational use of the daylight hours, since 1930, clocks have been moved forward 1 hour throughout the day - this is maternity time. Maternity time of the 2nd time zone in which Moscow is located is called Moscow time.

The local time of residents of the Kaliningrad region differs by 1 hour (more precisely, by 54 minutes) from the local Moscow time, since the Kaliningrad region is located in the first time zone.

The role and importance of time in the economy and life of people is enormous. Humans and all plant and animal organisms have a “biological clock”. This is the conventional name for the ability of living organisms to move through time. Watch the animals and you will see that they have a strict daily routine. Plants also have a certain rhythm of life.

The biological clock operates under the influence of the basic daily rhythm of the Earth - its rotation around its axis, on which changes in light, air, cosmic radiation, gravity, electricity, and the length of day and night depend. Life processes inside human body are also subject to earthly rhythms. The rhythms of the “biological clock” of living organisms are encoded in the cells of organisms and are inherited through natural selection, through chromosomes.

Of the sixty thousand kilometers of border areas, forty thousand are Russia’s maritime borders. The water line is located at a distance of almost 23 kilometers from the edge of the land, and in the seas that wash the coast, up to the three hundred and seventy kilometer mark, the Russian economic zone is located. Ships of any state may be present in this territory, but they do not have rights to natural resources. Russia's maritime borders are located in the waters of three oceans.

Neighbours

Russia's closest neighbors are Japan and the United States, since these countries are separated from it by narrow straits. The United States of America and the Russian Federation are separated by the Bering Strait, located between the Russian Ratmanov Island and the American Kruzenshtern Island. The border with Japan is located between Sakhalin, the South Kuril Islands on one side and the island of Hokkaido on the Japanese side. The main oceanic neighbor is Canada. The maritime borders of Russia and Canada are separated by the Arctic Ocean.

This is the longest border line, passing through the Chukchi, East Siberian, Kara, Barents Seas, as well as the Laptev Sea. According to international agreements, in the nearby ocean, Russia owns all internal waters, such as the White Sea, the Czech and Pechora Bays, territorial bodies of water along the coast of all seas (sixteen nautical miles long), as well as two hundred miles of the economic zone beyond the territorial ones, which is over 4 million square kilometers. Russia's maritime borders span ten time zones from west to east.

Northern Sea Route

Russia has the right to explore territorial resources and develop them, to produce seafood and fish in the economic zone. The vast shelf spaces of the Arctic Ocean have concentrated gas and oil resources in gigantic quantities: approximately twenty percent of all world reserves. The most important northern ports of the Russian Federation are Arkhangelsk and Murmansk, which are connected to the mainland by railways.

It is from there that the Northern Sea Route originates, which passes through all seas, and then through the Bering Strait to Vladivostok in the Pacific Ocean. Most of northern seas almost the entire year is covered with thick ice. But caravans of ships follow powerful icebreakers, including nuclear ones. And yet, navigation there is very short; within three months it is simply impossible to transfer all the cargo. Therefore, the Arctic highway along the border of the Russian Federation is now being prepared for launch, on which nuclear submarines will handle transportation.

Pacific Ocean

Here the borders pass through the Seas of Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Seas. Where are the maritime borders of Russia and Japan? On the Kuril Islands, as well as in Kamchatka across the expanses of the Pacific Ocean. The main ports were built in the south, these are Nakhodka, Vanino, Vladivostok and Sovetskaya Gavan, and the north is served by two very important ports: on the Sea of ​​​​Okhotsk - Magadan, on Kamchatka - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. These points are of great importance for the fishing industry.

IN last years The country's leadership made a number of important strategic decisions: in order to strengthen Russia's maritime borders, it is necessary to build and equip many more large ports, ones that can accommodate heavy-duty ships. Thus, the full potential of the Russian maritime possessions will be better used.

Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic basin is the Azov, Black and Baltic seas. The sections of the Russian coast there are quite small, but nevertheless Lately they are becoming increasingly economically important. On the Baltic Sea, Russia's maritime borders are guarded by such ports as Baltiysk, St. Petersburg, and Kaliningrad.

The borders of the Russian Federation require more ports, so Ust-Luga, Primorsky and the port of Batareinaya Bay are being built. Especially a lot of changes due to some geopolitical changes are taking place in the Azov and Black Seas, where Russia’s maritime borders also lie. It is known which countries it borders with in this region - these are Turkey and Ukraine.

Three seas

The Sea of ​​Azov is shallow, its ports - Yeisk and Taganrog - cannot accept large ships. It is planned to create a sea canal passing through Taganrog, then the port’s capabilities will increase significantly. On the Black Sea, the largest port is Novorossiysk, there are also Tuapse and Sochi (passenger port).

The Caspian Sea is not connected to the ocean, so it may well be considered a lake. Russia's maritime borders should also pass along it, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union the question remained open. The main ports are Astrakhan, where a sea canal has already been built due to shallow waters, and Makhachkala.

Changing boundaries

When Crimea joined Russia, the maritime borders of the Russian Federation in the Black Sea also changed. Therefore, even South Stream, apparently, will take a different path. Russia has gained new opportunities with the advent of the port of Kerch. The Taman Peninsula will very soon be connected to Crimea by a new bridge. But there are also problems.

The maritime border between Russia and Ukraine cannot be clearly defined until the latter recognizes Crimea as Russian. There are no prerequisites for this yet. On the contrary, the President of Ukraine constantly declares the return of the peninsula under the auspices of his country.

Sea of ​​Azov

The Sea of ​​Azov has become significantly shallower, as a result of which access to the water area has changed. In 2012, an agreement on borders in the vast expanses was signed between the presidents of Ukraine and Russia. Sea of ​​Azov, but they did not have time to make a final decision on this issue, since the neighboring state was going through a difficult period of changes in power and priorities. Conventionally, the borders of the Russian Federation ran along the Kerch Strait, but there were no specifics on this issue. However, when Crimea became part of Russia, this question naturally ceased to be raised.

As a result of the events that took place, the Kerch Strait and the area of ​​the sea adjacent to Crimea, including the Black Sea, came under the control of Russia. Accordingly, the Ukrainian territory in the Sea of ​​Azov is 16 nautical miles from the coast, and the remaining area may contain ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.

Uncertainty

The maritime border between Russia and Ukraine in the area of ​​the Crimean western coast is also quite controversial. The distance from the shores of the peninsula to the Ukrainian shores is only fifteen to forty kilometers, that is, the standards of international legislation cannot be applied here: there is simply not enough space to create a sixteen-mile zone of territorial waters. It should be mentioned that among the shelves in this area there are several extremely rich in oil.

When such cases occur between neighboring states, they determine the boundaries along the median line through negotiations. But, unfortunately, relations between Russia and Ukraine are not developing right now. in the best possible way, so any constructive negotiations are not yet possible.

Norway

In 2010, Russia and Norway signed an agreement regarding the delimitation of the continental shelf and the definition of economic zones. The treaty was ratified in the Norwegian Parliament in February 2011, and in the State Duma and the Federation Council in March. The document established clear boundaries of jurisdiction and sovereign rights of Norway and Russia, provided for continued cooperation in the fishing industry, and also defined a regime for the joint exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits located beyond the borders.

With the signing of this agreement, the thirty-year moratorium ended, which allowed the two countries to freely develop oil and gas fields in the Arctic continental shelf, the territory of which is more than one hundred and seventy-five thousand square kilometers. According to some estimates, this part of the Arctic Ocean may contain about 13% of the world's undiscovered oil reserves and 30% of gas reserves. Why is this treaty important for the borders of the Russian Federation? Because it allows the extraction of minerals in disputed border areas, and there are many of them. By the way, they are especially rich in hydrocarbons.

Far East

The Far Eastern territories of Russia overlook two oceans - the Arctic and the Pacific, and have maritime borders with Japan and the USA. In this region, there are problems with defining the border along the Bering Strait. In addition, there are difficulties with which state belongs to some of the islands of the Lesser Kuril chain. This long-standing dispute arose back in the 19th century and their ownership is still disputed by the Japanese side.

The protection of the Far Eastern borders has always been problematic, since neighbors constantly make claims over Russian-owned islands and adjacent water areas. In this regard, the Foundation for Advanced Research announced that a special underwater robot will be created in Primorye that will detect any moving objects and determine their coordinates. Even silent ships will not be able to deceive the vigilance of this apparatus.

Unmanned underwater robots will be able to independently guard Russia’s maritime borders, monitor a given water area and transmit information to the shore. Such a robotic submarine has already been developed at the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. They are working on its creation at the Institute of Marine Technology Problems in a special laboratory dedicated to underwater robotics. And this is not the first experience in creating such devices: automated media for various purposes have already been created within these walls. The length of Russia's maritime borders is such that it requires well-organized protection and a huge amount of resources, including human resources.

The Russian state occupies about 31.5% of total area the entire Eurasian continent, located in its northeastern part. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the formal number of neighbors of the Russian Federation changed slightly, but the state border, as before, divides it with other countries on water and on land. To have a more complete understanding of your state, you definitely need to know where the land and sea borders of Russia lie.

general information

A notable feature of the Russian Federation is the fact that it is located in both Europe and Asia, occupying the northern part of the first and the eastern regions of the second. Today, the length of the state border is 60.9 thousand kilometers: 38.8 runs along the sea surface, 22.1 on land (of which 7.6 thousand kilometers are along rivers and lakes).

Based on standards international law, the state territory of the Russian Federation is considered to be that part of the Earth’s surface that is located within this demarcation line, including subsoil, internal and territorial waters, and airspace.

The limits of the state are determined by two methods:

• delimitation - an agreement between countries on the establishment of borders;
• demarcation - securing these boundaries with boundary markers on the ground.

After the collapse of the USSR, Russian territory has two types of borders:

• old (inherited as an inheritance from the Soviet past);
• new.

The borders of states that were once part of the USSR coincide with the old demarcation lines. Most of them are sealed with special agreements. New borders today separate the Russian Federation from the Baltic countries and from the Commonwealth of Independent States. After the “union of fraternal republics” ceased to exist, the Russian Federation lost about 40% of its border.

Today, our country borders with other countries by water and land. At the same time, the land demarcation line is more typical for the southern and western regions, but in the east and north there is mainly a water border.

Land borders

So, first, let's look at which countries Russia has a land border with. Today our state has 14 such neighbors. All of them are active members of the UN. In addition, there are two more territories that are not officially recognized by other members of the world community - South Ossetia and Abkhazia. According to other countries, they still belong to Georgia, and therefore these borders have not received official recognition as Russian.

In addition, do not forget about the following features of the neighborhood:

• The shortest land border with Russia lies on the borders of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. It is only 17 km. At the same time, the total length of the demarcation line is 39.4 km;
• Only the Kaliningrad region borders Lithuania and Poland;
• the insignificant enclave of Sankovo-Medvezhye in the Bryansk region is surrounded on all sides by Belarus;
• The most important Russian neighbor is the Norwegian state, the border with which runs along the swampy tundra. It is here that all the most important power stations of Russian and Norwegian origin are located;
• A little further south lies the Russian-Finnish border, which runs through wooded and rocky terrain. For our country, this area is of particular importance because active foreign trade takes place here. It is to the port of Vyborg that cargo is delivered from Finland.

In general, the list of Russian land borders looks like this:

1. Georgia.
2. Ukraine.
3. Kazakhstan.
4. China.
5. DPRK.
6. Mongolia.
7. Belarus.
8. Azerbaijan.
9. Poland.
10. Lithuania.
11. Norway.
12. Estonia.
13. Finland.
14. Latvia.

The only free border for the transportation of goods and travel of citizens remains the border with the Belarusian state. Residents of the two countries can cross it only with an internal passport confirming their citizenship of the Russian Federation or the Republic of Belarus.

Before the collapse of the USSR, our state had a border with Iran. But after the recognition of the sovereignty of the North Caucasian republics, such a border automatically ceased to exist.

Territorial disputes

The so-called disputed territories deserve special attention. So, let's say, Estonia lays claim to the right bank of the Narva River, which is located on the territory of Ivangorod. In addition, a certain section of the Pskov region, as well as the Saatse Boot, is also of interest to this state. It is the latter that is the place where Ural bricks are transported to Europe. Once upon a time it was actually planned to transfer this territory to Estonia, but due to the amendments it introduced to the treaty, the Russian side never ratified the document.

Latvia also once put forward its claims to part of the Pytalovsky district of the Pskov region. But in 2007, an agreement was signed according to which this section of the territory remained assigned to Russia.

Most recently, the Russian-Chinese border was demarcated. According to the signed agreement, our Chinese neighbors received a small plot of land in the Chita region and two more near the islands of Bolshoy Ussuriysky and Tarabarov.

To this day, the dispute regarding the island of Tuva between the Russian Federation and China continues. In turn, Russian diplomats refuse to recognize the independence of Taiwan, and therefore no interstate relations with this territory simply exist. And although political scientists do not predict serious problems with the Chinese side in the coming years, some concerns (still at the level of rumors) regarding the division of Siberia are still present.

Maritime boundaries

Between Russia and the United States is the Bering Strait - the border separating Ratmanov Island from Kruzenshtern Island.

After Crimea became part of Russian territory, we also had neighbors on the Black Sea:

• Türkiye;
• Bulgaria;
• Georgia.

Part of the border with the following countries runs along the sea:

• Norway (in the Barents Sea),
• Finland and Estonia (in the Gulf of Finland);
• Lithuania and Poland (in the Baltic Sea);
• Ukraine (in the Black and Azov Seas);
• Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan (in the Caspian Sea);
• DPRK (in the Sea of ​​Japan).

Disputed territories

We should not forget that some maritime areas of the Russian Federation still cause territorial disputes to this day. We are talking about the unresolved fate of the Kuril Islands, which Japan also claims. This confrontation has been going on since the end of World War II, namely since 1945.

Disputes regarding other borders also continue. Until recently, the confrontation with Ukraine regarding the Bosphorus Strait, or more precisely the Tuzla Spit, could be called relevant. The scythe itself is not of particular value. Its role becomes significant only in the light of construction Kerch Bridge. But since Crimea became part of the Russian Federation, this dispute has died down somewhat.

Conclusion

To summarize all of the above, it should be noted that the clear establishment and observance of state borders is of particular importance in terms of the integrity and security of the state.

But we should not forget that the territory of most countries, including the Russian Federation, is also an area of ​​the shortest transit freight routes and air routes connecting not only Europe and Asia, but also the countries of North America with the Eurasian continent. Based on this, the issue of maintaining close economic and political contacts remains important. Such cooperation will avoid the need to search for new routes of communication, in particular the construction of gas pipelines, railways and other communications bypassing territories with which there are certain types of conflicts.

State borders of Russia: video

Federations - a line and a vertical surface passing along this line that define the limits state territory(land, water, subsoil and airspace) of Russia, the spatial limit of the state sovereignty of the Russian Federation.

The protection of the state border is carried out by the Border Service of the FSB of Russia within the border territory, as well as Armed Forces Russian Federation (air defense troops and navy) - in the airspace and underwater environment. The arrangement of border checkpoints is in charge of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

Russia recognizes the existence of borders with 18 states: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea, Japan and the United States, as well as the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The length of the Russian border (excluding the annexation of Crimea in 2014) is 60,932 km according to the Border Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation (or 62,269 km according to other data), including 38 thousand km of maritime borders; Among the land borders, 7 thousand km of borders along rivers and 475 km along lakes stand out.

Length

Russia has maritime boundaries of exclusive economic zones (EEZ) in the Barents Sea, Chukchi, Bering, Okhotsk, Japan, Azov, Black and Baltic seas with the following countries: Norway, USA, Japan, North Korea, Abkhazia, Turkey, Ukraine, Poland, Sweden, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland. According to the Federal Law of December 17, 1998 No. 191-FZ “On the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Russian Federation” and the corresponding UN Convention on the Law of the Sea of ​​1982, the internal border of the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation is the external border of the territorial sea (territorial waters), and the external border of the EEZ is at a distance of 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.