Local estimates (estimates)

4.1. Local estimates (estimates) for certain types of construction and installation work, as well as for the cost of equipment, are compiled based on the following data:

parameters of buildings, structures, their parts and structural elements adopted in design decisions;

volumes of work taken from the construction and installation work sheets and determined based on design materials;

nomenclature and quantity of equipment, furniture and inventory adopted from custom specifications, statements and other design materials;

current estimated standards and indicators for types of work, structural elements, as well as market prices and tariffs for industrial and technical products and services.

4.2. Local estimates (estimates) are prepared:

a) for buildings and structures:

for construction work, special construction work, internal sanitary and technical work, internal electric lighting, electric power plants, for the installation and purchase of technological and other types of equipment, instrumentation and automation, low-current devices (communications, alarms, etc. .), acquisition of fixtures, furniture, equipment, etc.;

b) for general site works:

for vertical planning, installation of utility networks, paths and roads, landscaping, small architectural forms, etc.

4.3. When designing complex buildings and structures carried out by several design organizations, as well as when forming estimated costs for launch complexes, it is allowed to draw up two or more local estimates (estimates) for the same type of work.

4.4. In local estimate calculations (estimates), data is grouped into sections by individual structural elements of the building (structure), types of work and devices in accordance with the technological sequence of work and taking into account the specific features of individual types of construction. Buildings and structures can be divided into an underground part ("zero cycle" work) and an above-ground part.

Local estimate calculation (estimate) may have sections:

for construction work - earthworks; foundations and walls of the underground part; walls; frame; ceilings, partitions; floors and bases; coverings and roofs; filling openings; stairs and platforms; Finishing work; various works (porches, blind areas, etc.), etc.;

for special construction work - foundations for equipment; special grounds; channels and pits; lining, lining and insulation; chemical protective coatings, etc.;

for internal sanitary and technical work - water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, etc.;

for equipment installation - purchase and installation of process equipment; process pipelines; metal structures (related to the installation of equipment), etc.

4.5. The cost of work in local estimates (estimates) as part of the estimate documentation can be given in two price levels:

at the basic level, determined on the basis of the current estimated norms and prices of 2001;

at the current (forecast) level, determined on the basis of prices prevailing at the time of drawing up estimates or predicted for the period of construction.

4.6. When drawing up local estimates (estimates), prices from the corresponding collections are used, and in each position of the local estimate (estimate) a standard code is indicated, consisting of the collection number (two characters), section number (two characters), the serial number of the table in this section (three characters) and the serial number of the norm in this table (one to two characters). The parameters of individual characteristics (length, height, area, mass, etc.) given with the word “to” should be understood inclusive, and with the word “from” - excluding the specified value, i.e. over.

When drawing up local estimates (estimates), the conditions of work and complicating factors are taken into account.

Coefficients that take into account work conditions and complicating factors are given in Appendix No. 1 of this Methodology.

If complicating factors are taken into account by elemental estimate standards and unit prices, the coefficients given in Appendix No. 1 are not applied.

When referring in local estimates (estimates) to the technical part or introductory instructions of price collections or other regulatory documents in the column “code, standard numbers and resource codes” after the number of the collection and price, the initial letters PM or VU and the number of the corresponding item are indicated, for example: PM-5 or VU-4, and when taking into account coefficients (given in Appendix No. 1) in the positions of local estimates (estimates) that take into account the conditions of work, column 2 of the estimate indicates the value of this coefficient, as well as the abbreviated name and paragraph of the regulatory document.

4.7. When drawing up local estimates (estimates) for reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures, complicating factors and conditions for the production of such work are taken into account using the appropriate coefficients given in the relevant collections of estimate norms and prices ("General Provisions") .

Work performed during the repair and reconstruction of buildings and structures, similar to technological processes in new construction, should be standardized according to the relevant collections of GESN-2001 for construction and special construction work (except for the standards of the collection of GESN No. 46 “Work during the reconstruction of buildings and structures”) using coefficients 1.15 to the norms for labor costs and 1.25 to the norms for the operating time of construction machines. The specified coefficients may be used in conjunction with the coefficients given in Appendix No. 1 to this Methodology.

4.8. When carrying out excavation work on the territory allocated for construction in places classified in accordance with the established procedure as areas of former military operations, it is recommended to apply a coefficient of 1.4 to prices for excavating soil to a depth of up to 2 meters with excavators or bulldozers, as well as for uprooting stumps .

4.9. For work in which the production technology includes welding of metal structures, rolled metal, steel pipes, sheet metal, embedded parts and other metal products, elemental estimate standards and unit prices are developed based on the conditions of using carbon steel.

When applying stainless steel to the labor cost standards provided for in unit prices, it is recommended to apply a coefficient of 1.15.

4.10. Costs determined by local cost estimates (budgets) may include direct costs, overhead, and estimated profit.

Direct costs take into account the cost of resources required to complete the work:

material (materials, products, structures, equipment, furniture, inventory);

technical (operation of construction machines and mechanisms);

labor (funds for remuneration of workers, as well as machinists, taken into account in the cost of operating construction machines and mechanisms).

As part of direct costs, separate lines may take into account the difference in the cost of electricity received from mobile power plants compared to the cost of electricity supplied by the Russian energy system, and other costs.

Overhead costs take into account the costs of construction and installation organizations associated with the creation of general production conditions, its maintenance, organization and management.

The estimated profit includes the amount of funds necessary to cover individual (general) expenses of construction and installation organizations for the development of production, the social sphere and material incentives.

Accrual of overhead costs and estimated profit when drawing up local estimates (estimates) without dividing into sections is carried out at the end of the estimate calculation (estimate), after the total of direct costs, and when forming by sections - at the end of each section and in general according to the estimate calculation (estimate ).

When using the resource or resource-index method, it is recommended to use sample No. 4 (Appendix No. 2), in which the allocation and summation of resource indicators are made with the determination of cost at the appropriate price level, or sample No. 5 (Appendix No. 2), on the basis of which in the composition In the local resource sheet, resource indicators are allocated and summarized, and then the cost of work (cost amount) is determined using sample No. 4.

4.12. In cases where, in accordance with design decisions, dismantling of structures or demolition of buildings and structures is carried out using structures, materials and products suitable for reuse, the results of local estimates (estimates) for dismantling, demolition (relocation) of buildings and structures are provided as a reference amounts (amounts that reduce the size of capital investments allocated by the customer). These amounts are not excluded from the total of the local estimate (estimate) and from the volume of work performed. They are shown in a separate line called “Including refundable amounts” and are determined on the basis of the items and quantities of structures, materials and products received for subsequent use, also given after the calculation (estimate). The cost of such structures, materials and products as part of refundable amounts is determined at the price of possible sales minus from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a usable condition and delivering them to storage locations.

The cost of materials obtained through incidental mining (stone, crushed stone, sand, timber, etc.), if it is possible to sell them, is recommended to be taken into account at prices prevailing in the region.

If it is impossible to use or sell materials from dismantling or associated mining, their cost in refundable amounts is not taken into account.

It is recommended to distinguish structures, materials and products taken into account in refundable amounts from the so-called revolving materials (formwork, fastening, etc.), which are used in accordance with construction technology several times when performing certain types of work.

4.13. When performing certain types of work in accordance with construction technology, individual materials (formwork, fastening, etc.) are used several times, i.e. turn around. Their repeated turnover is taken into account in the estimated standards and the prices compiled on their basis for the corresponding structures and types of work. In cases where it is impossible to achieve the standard turnover rate of industrial formwork, fastenings, etc. at a facility, which must be justified by the PIC, the standard is adjusted.

4.14. The cost of equipment, furniture and inventory is included in local estimates (estimates).

When using equipment included in the fixed assets, suitable for further operation and planned for dismantling and transferring to a building under construction (reconstruction), local estimates (estimates) provide only funds for dismantling and re-installation of this equipment, and the result of the estimate is shown for reference its book value, taken into account in the general cost limit to determine the technical and economic indicators of the project.

The estimated cost, determined as part of the estimate documentation, is the basis for planning capital investments, financing construction, payments for completed contract work, payment of expenses for the acquisition of equipment and its delivery to construction sites, as well as reimbursement of other costs from the funds provided for in the consolidated estimate calculation,

The basis for determining the estimated cost is:

Project and working documentation, including drawings, statements of volumes of construction, installation, land reclamation, land and other types of work, specifications and statements for equipment, basic decisions on the organization of production and the order of construction adopted in the PIC. and PPR, explanatory note to design materials;

Current estimated standards (including resource standards), as well as selling prices for transportation costs, equipment, materials;

Decisions and regulations of government bodies.

In relation to the preparation of estimate documentation, the construction object is a separate building (industrial building or workshop, warehouse, station, vegetable storehouse, residential building, club, etc.) or structure (bridge, tunnel, platform, dam, etc.) , with all related facilities (galleries, overpasses, etc.), equipment, furniture, inventory, utility and auxiliary devices, as well as, if necessary, with adjacent utility networks and general site works (vertical planning, landscaping, landscaping, etc.).

The construction object can also be a set of buildings and structures that have a common technological or other purpose (a block of workshops, a boiler room with a fuel warehouse, several tanks, a group of water intake, treatment or other structures). During the construction of enterprises, industrial or residential complexes, separate objects are external networks with service and auxiliary structures on them (water supply, sewerage, district heating, gas supply, energy supply, etc.), access roads, intra-factory or intra-block roads and other general site works .

Estimate documentation can be divided into 3 groups (Fig. 2.5.1):

- main;

- auxiliary;

- normative and informational.

Main estimate documentation, as a rule, mandatory for all working projects, serves to determine the estimated cost of construction of the designed enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues. Consists of local estimates (local estimate calculations), object estimates (object estimate calculations), estimate calculations for individual types of costs, consolidated estimate calculations of construction costs, cost summaries, list of contract prices, etc.

Auxiliary(or additional) estimate documentation is an addition to the main one and in some cases precedes its preparation or is necessary due to the specifics of the project. Supporting estimate documentation includes:

Calculation of transport costs;

Calculation of the cost of materials, products, structures;

Individual unit prices;

Estimates for the implementation of research and experimental work, the need for which arose in connection with the design and construction of these activities and structures;

Statement of the estimated cost of environmental protection facilities and work.

Regulatory and information estimate documentation is a mandatory methodological basis for the development of basic and supporting documents. This is a whole system of documents on pricing and estimated standardization, approved by resolutions of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation.

The forms, procedure and methodology for drawing up estimate documentation are established by the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation in the documents:

SNiP 10-01-94. System of regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions.

SP 81-01-94. Set of rules for determining the cost of construction as part of pre-project and design and estimate documentation.

MDS 81-1.99. Guidelines for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The forms of estimate documentation allow you to compile it in a certain sequence, gradually moving from small to larger construction elements. This can be presented in the following sequence: type of work (costs) - object - start-up complex - construction queue - construction as a whole.

Local estimates

Local estimates are primary estimate documents and are compiled for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site work based on the volumes determined during the development of the detailed design, working documentation (working drawings). Local estimates are also prepared for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site work in cases where the scope of work and costs have not been finally determined and are subject to clarification, as a rule, on the basis of working documentation.

Local estimates (estimates) for certain types of construction and installation work, as well as for the cost of equipment, are compiled based on the following data:

Parameters of buildings, structures, their parts and structural elements adopted in design decisions;

Scope of work taken from construction and installation work sheets and determined based on design materials;

Nomenclature and quantity of equipment, furniture and inventory adopted from custom specifications, statements and other design materials;

Current estimated standards and indicators for types of work, structural elements, as well as market and regulated prices and tariffs for industrial and technical products and services.

Local estimates (estimates) are prepared:

a) for buildings and structures:

For construction work;

Special construction work;

Internal sanitary works;

Internal electric lighting;

Electric power plants;

Rice. 2.5.1. Types and composition of estimate documentation.

For the installation and purchase of technological and other types of equipment, instrumentation and automation, low-current devices (communications, alarms, etc.);

Purchase of fixtures, furniture, equipment;

Other jobs;

b) for general site works:

For vertical layout;

Construction of utility networks, paths and roads;

Landscaping;

Small architectural forms, etc.

When designing complex buildings and structures, developing technical documentation for construction by several design organizations, as well as when forming the estimated cost for start-up complexes, it is allowed to draw up two or more local estimates (estimates) for the same type of work.

In local estimate calculations (estimates), data is grouped into sections according to individual structural elements of the building (structure), types of work and devices. The grouping order must correspond to the technological sequence of work and take into account the specific features of individual types of construction. Buildings and structures can be divided into an underground part (zero cycle work) and an above-ground part.

Local estimate calculation (estimate) may have sections:

For construction work - earthworks; foundations and walls of the underground part;

Walls; frame; ceilings, partitions; floors and bases; coverings and roofs; filling openings; stairs and platforms; Finishing work; various works (porches, blind areas, etc.), etc.;

For special construction work - foundations for equipment; special grounds; channels and pits; lining, lining and insulation; chemical protective coatings, etc.;

For internal sanitary and technical work - water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, etc.;

For equipment installation - purchase and installation of process equipment; process pipelines; metal structures (related to the installation of equipment), etc.

At the cost of certain types of construction, special and related work (work to prepare the site and soil for planting, sowing, purchasing appropriate sowing equipment).

When preparing local estimates, priority is given to enlarged estimate standards and cost indicators.

The cost determined by local estimates (estimates) includes direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit.

Accrual of overhead costs and estimated profit when drawing up local estimates (estimates) without dividing into sections is carried out at the end of the calculation (estimate) after the total of direct costs. When forming by sections - at the end of each section and as a whole according to the estimate (estimate). When forming by type of work, overhead costs and estimated profits are accrued for each type of construction, installation and repair work.

Local estimates (estimates) for certain types of construction and installation work, as well as for the cost of equipment, are compiled according to Form 4 and Form 5 recommended by the State Construction Committee of Russia (Tables 2.5.1 and 2.5.2).

Preparation of local estimates:

1. Estimates are prepared in special programs, for example “Grand Estimate”, “RiK”, “Estimates ru” and others;
3. Estimates can be made using the basis-index method or the resource method;
4. Prices are used from special estimate collections, the so-called TER, FER or TSN of Moscow, departmental collections of the Ministry of Culture, Transport, Energy, Rosatom (OER), Transneft (KOER).
5. When reading the estimate, it is clear that most often there are prices for work, materials in the basic TSSC or current prices according to the invoice, price list and other costs;
6. After drawing up the estimate, an EXEL file is generated in the program and saved to disk.
7. Then they print it on the printer and sign on the first sheet “Agreed”, “I approve”, compiled, checked.

Reading the estimate correctly:

1. The finished estimate is generated on A4 format in landscape or portrait form (TSN);
2. It has a “header” in which it is indicated who Approves (Customer) and Approves (Contractor) the document: name of the construction site, document No., name of the work and costs, basis, cost in thousand rubles, when the estimate was drawn up, etc.;
3. Below is a table with a different number of columns, but more often there are 13, 15, 17.
4. If the estimate is made in expanded form, then it is divided into sections and subsections: with installation and construction work, materials and equipment, mechanisms. For example: first they can indicate all dismantling work, then installation and construction work, followed by materials and equipment at base or current prices;
5. In No. 1 there are numbering of positions;
6. In No. 2, the price code is from the collection with prices (FERr67-5-2);
7. В№3 Name of the work or materials performed - text from the collection corresponding to the price; in addition, you can add a clarification on the item in the estimate to what it relates to;
8. In No. 4 the unit of measure. according to prices in actual size (t - tons, m - meters, m2 - square meters, pcs - pieces, etc.);
9. In No. 5, the actual amount of work and materials at a specific price, based on the defective work sheet or design documentation;
10. From columns 6 to 9 - the price per unit is indicated. change Art. No. 4 according to the estimate in base prices of 2001;
11. From columns 10 to 13 - the total price after multiplying the quantity by the unit of measurement;
12. Each job in each budget item also has overhead costs and an estimated profit. These NRs and joint ventures (see another article about NRs and joint ventures) are regulated and most often are not subject to adjustment, and are accrued from the payroll fund.
13. During repair work, correction factors are applied to HP and SP: 0.8; 0.85; 0.9, etc.
14. Additionally taken into account tightness for each individual position;
15. At the end of the section, in the summary of the estimate, general results are summed up by adding up all the columns, and the already summarized data is visible (direct cost formulas are needed to understand the calculation).
16. Meet abbreviations and abbreviations .

1. As a result of the estimate, positions for the same types of work, with the same work schedule and joint venture are combined (vertically from top to bottom);
2. Constraint (conditions slowing down the execution of work), if any, is highlighted in a separate line;
3. Next we see the inflation index at the time of drawing up the estimate (Inf. is approved by a meeting of the Pricing Commission for each region of the Russian Federation);
4. Current cost without VAT (simple multiplication Total * Kinf = TC);
5. “For reference, in 2001 prices” - shows how much according to the estimate or section of materials in base prices, machinery and mechanisms, payroll, overhead costs and profit;
6. If the estimate was included in the promotion, then sometimes you can see a reduction factor, but not always;
7. As a result, VAT is calculated and the total cost including VAT is obtained. This cost is transferred to the first page in the line "Estimated cost"
8. Based on local estimates, summary estimates and object estimates are compiled.
9. On photo shows example how all this is actually done.

We offer training in reading estimates.

To calculate it yourselfcost of materials included in the estimatetaking into account the translation into current prices and how much it costs to deliver and store them on site, all you need to do is arm yourself with a calculator.

To determine the estimated cost of construction of designed enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues, estimate documentation is drawn up, consisting of local estimates, local estimate calculations, object estimates, object estimate calculations, estimate calculations for individual types of costs, consolidated estimate calculations of the cost of construction (repair), cost summaries, etc.

Contents of the estimate documentation:

local estimates (estimates);

object estimates (estimates);

estimates for certain types of costs;

summary estimates;

cost summaries.

Rice. 1. Block diagram of the structure of estimate documentation

Local estimates refer to primary estimate documents and are compiled for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site work based on the volumes determined during the development of working documentation (DD).

Local estimates are drawn up in cases where the scope of work and the amount of costs are not finally determined and are subject to clarification on the basis of the RD, or in cases where the scope of work, the nature and methods of their implementation cannot be sufficiently accurately determined during the design and are clarified during the construction process.

Object estimates combine data from local estimates for the object as a whole and refer to the estimate documents on the basis of which contract prices for objects are formed.

Object estimate calculations combine in their composition for the object as a whole data from local estimates and local estimates and are subject to clarification, as a rule, on the basis of RD.

Summary estimates the costs of construction (repair) of enterprises, buildings and structures (or their queues) are compiled on the basis of object estimates, object estimates and estimates for individual types of costs.

3.1. Local estimates (estimates)

Local estimate calculations (estimates) are primary estimate documents and are compiled for certain types of work (costs) for buildings, structures, as well as for general site work based on the volumes determined in the working documentation (DD) or working drawings. Local estimates are drawn up according to Form No. 4 of Appendix No. 2 MDS 81-35.2004:

[name of the construction site (object being repaired)]

LOCAL ESTIMATED CALCULATION No. _____ (local estimate)

to ____________________________________________________________ (name of work and costs, name of object)

Base: drawings No. __________________________________________

Estimated cost _______________________________________ thousand rubles.

Funds for wages ___________________________________ thousand rubles.

Compiled in current (forecast) prices as of _____ 20 _.

Compiled by __________________________________________________________ [position, signature (initials, surname)]

Checked by ______________________________________________________________ [position, signature (initials, surname)]

In local estimate calculations (estimates), data is grouped into sections by individual structural elements of the building (structure), types of work and devices in accordance with the technological sequence of work and taking into account the specific features of individual types of construction. Buildings and structures can be divided into an underground part ("zero cycle" work) and an above-ground part. Local estimate calculation (estimate) may have sections:

a) for buildings and structures:

for construction work - earthworks; foundations and walls of the underground part; walls; frame; overlaps; partitions; floors and bases; coverings and roofs; filling openings; stairs and platforms; Finishing work; various works (porches, blind areas, etc.), etc.;

for internal plumbing work - water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, etc.;

for internal electric lighting;

for installation of low-current devices - radio, television, alarm, communications, etc.;

for special construction work - foundations for equipment; special grounds; channels and pits; lining, lining and insulation; chemical protective coatings, etc.;

for the purchase and installation of technological and other types of equipment, instrumentation and automation, the purchase of furniture, fixtures, inventory, etc.;

b) for general site works: for vertical planning, installation of external utility networks, paths and roads, landscaping, small architectural forms, etc.

The cost determined by local estimates (estimates) includes direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit.

The initial data for drawing up local estimates (estimates) are:

Parameters of buildings (structures), their parts and structural elements, taken from working drawings;

Scope of work taken from construction and installation work sheets and determined from working drawings (entered in column 4);

The nomenclature and quantity of equipment, furniture and inventory adopted from custom specifications, statements and other design materials;

Current estimated standards and indicators for types of work and structural elements (entered in columns 2, 3, 5, 6 and 10 of the local estimate according to form No. 4);

Free (market) prices and tariffs for materials and services.

In this case, consolidated estimate standards and cost indicators have priority. In their absence, unit prices for building structures and work (TER, etc.), as well as prices for equipment installation, are applied.

The estimate consists of line-by-line execution of actions:

column 5 is multiplied by column 4, the result is entered in columns 7 and 8;

column 6 is multiplied by column 4, the result is entered in column 9;

column 10 is multiplied by column 4, the result is entered in column 11.

Overhead costs are calculated according to HP standards, the procedure for determining the amount of which is provided for in methodological documents (see Appendix 1).

The amount of estimated profit is determined in accordance with methodological documents (see Appendix 2).

Accrual of overhead costs and estimated profit when preparing local estimates without dividing into sections is made at the end of the estimate. after the total of direct costs, and when formed by sections at the end of each section and in general according to the estimate.

The cost of work in local estimates can be indicated in two price levels - basic and current.

Local estimates for certain types of construction and installation work, as well as the cost of equipment, are compiled based on the following data:

• parameters of buildings, structures, their parts and structural elements adopted according to working drawings;
• volumes of work taken from statements of quantities for construction and installation work and determined from working drawings;
• nomenclature and quantity of equipment, furniture and inventory adopted from custom specifications, statements and working drawings;
• current estimated standards for types of work, structural elements, as well as wholesale, limit and, in some cases, one-time order prices for equipment, furniture and inventory.

The basis for determining the estimated cost of construction may be:

• customer's initial data for the development of estimate documentation, pre-project and design documentation, including drawings, statements of volumes of construction and installation work, specifications and statements of equipment requirements, decisions on the organization and order of construction adopted in the construction organization project (COP), explanatory notes to design materials , and for additional work - author’s supervision sheets and acts for additional work identified during the period of construction and repair work;
• current estimated standards, as well as selling prices and transportation costs for materials, equipment, furniture and inventory;
• individual decisions of public authorities related to the relevant construction site.

When drawing up local estimates based on adopted technical solutions, priority in the selection of current estimate standards or methods for determining the estimated cost is based on the following conditions:

• if there are approved price lists for the construction of buildings and structures, consolidated prices (UR) or consolidated estimate standards (USN), intended for use in drawing up estimates based on working drawings, then these consolidated estimate standards are accepted;
• if there are no consolidated estimate standards, but there are estimates for standard and reusable economical individual projects tied to local construction conditions, then these estimates are accepted;
• if there are no consolidated estimate standards, as well as estimates for standard and re-used economical individual projects tied to local construction conditions, then single prices for building structures or for certain types of construction and installation work from the relevant collections and catalogs are accepted.

In relation to the characteristics of certain types of construction, the specialization of contracting construction and installation organizations, and the structure of design documentation, local estimates are drawn up:

• a) for buildings and structures:

for construction work, special construction work, internal sanitary and technical work, internal electrical lighting, electric power plants, technological and other types of equipment, instrumentation and automation, low-current devices (communications, alarms, etc.), purchase fixtures, furniture, equipment and other work;

• b) for general site works:

for vertical planning, installation of utility networks, paths and roads, landscaping, small architectural forms and others.

Estimated documentation is drawn up in a certain sequence, moving from small to larger construction elements, which represent the type of work (costs) - object - launch complex - construction phase - construction (construction) as a whole.

If only one main purpose object is being built at the construction site according to the project, without the construction of auxiliary and auxiliary objects (for example: in industry - a workshop building for the main purpose; in transport - a railway station building; in housing and civil engineering - a residential building, a theater, a school building etc.), then the concept of “object” may coincide with the concept of “construction”.

It is allowed to draw up two or more local estimates for the same type of work when designing complex buildings and structures, when developing technical documentation for construction by several design organizations, as well as when forming estimated costs for launch complexes.

In local estimates it is made grouping data into sections for individual structural elements of the building (structures), types of work and devices. The grouping order must match technological sequence of work and take into account the specific features of individual types of construction. This procedure should be regulated by industry regulations. In this case, buildings and structures can be divided into an underground part ("zero cycle" work) and an above-ground part.

Based on the mentioned grouping principles:

• a local estimate for construction work may have sections: earthworks; foundations and walls of the underground part; walls; frame; overlaps; partitions; floors and bases; coverings and roofs; filling openings: stairs and platforms; Finishing work; various works (porches, blind areas, etc.), etc.;
• a local estimate for special construction work may have sections: foundations for equipment; special grounds; channels and pits; lining, lining and insulation; chemical protective coatings, etc.;
• a local estimate for internal sanitary work may have sections: water supply; sewerage; heating; ventilation and air conditioning, etc.;
• a local estimate for equipment installation may have sections: acquisition and installation of process equipment; process pipelines; metal structures (related to the installation of equipment), etc.

For relatively simple objects, the estimated cost may not be grouped into sections.

The volume of work is calculated for estimates for the detailed design or working documentation in the units of measurement of estimate standards adopted in collections of elemental estimate standards (m3, m2, t, pcs., etc.). It should be noted that estimated volumes mean any quantities determined from drawings and used in determining the estimated cost.

The calculation of the volume of work should be carried out in a certain sequence, corresponding to the technology for performing the work, so that the results of previously performed calculations can be used for subsequent stages.

In design organizations, the volume of work on the building as a whole is calculated, as a rule, by designers, usually by technicians. For greater accuracy, it is recommended that estimates be checked by qualified estimators.

When drawing up a bill of quantities, you must adhere to the following sequence:

• familiarization with design materials and placing them in the order most convenient for the user;
• development and preparation of tabular forms, compilation of auxiliary tables and calculations for standard products, structural elements and parts of the building;
• calculating the scope of work using design specifications;
• calculation of volumes for structural elements and types of work not covered when calculating according to the specification.

The bill of quantities for general construction work is divided into calculations for individual completed structural elements and types of work.

When preparing local estimates, they are usually divided into sections. The designed building is conventionally divided into parts - structural elements. All work related to one structural element is grouped in one section of the estimate (finishing work - internal and external - are considered as independent structural elements). In addition, the estimates highlight the underground and above-ground parts of the building.

Similar to the construction of estimates, statements of calculation of the volume of work are also compiled with division into the same sections.
In housing -

In civil engineering, the list of structural elements (sections) is as follows:

Internal special construction work:

For industrial construction, an approximate list of sections of the work volume calculation sheet is as follows:

The main function of estimate standards is to determine the standard amount of resources, the minimum necessary and sufficient to perform the corresponding type of work, as the basis for the subsequent transition to cost indicators.

Considering that the estimated standards are developed on the basis of the principle of averaging with minimization of the consumption of all necessary resources, it should be taken into account that the standards are not adjusted towards their reduction.

Estimated standards and prices provide for the work to be carried out under normal (standard) conditions, not complicated by external factors. When carrying out work in special conditions: cramped conditions, gas pollution, near operating equipment, in areas with specific factors (high mountains, etc.) - the coefficients given in the general provisions of the relevant collections of standards and prices are applied to the estimated standards and prices.

State, production-industry, territorial, company and individual estimate standards form a system of pricing and estimate standardization in construction.

State estimate standards include estimate standards that are part of group 8 of subgroups 81, 82 and 83 “Documents on Economics”.

If there are no separate standards for the work technologies envisaged in the project in the current collections of estimate standards and prices, it is allowed to develop appropriate individual estimate standards and unit prices, which are approved by the customer (investor) as part of the project (detailed design). Individual estimate standards and prices are developed taking into account the specific conditions of work with all complicating factors.

The use of proprietary and individual estimate standards to determine the cost of construction, the financing of which is carried out using federal budget funds, is recommended after their coordination with the relevant authorized federal executive body in the field of construction.

When applying individual estimate standards and prices, the increasing coefficients given in Appendix No. 1 of MDS 81-35.2004 are not applied to them.

To determine the estimated cost of construction of the designed enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues, estimate documentation is drawn up, consisting of:

• local estimates;
• local estimate calculations;
• object estimates;
• object estimate calculations;
• estimates for certain types of costs;
• summary estimates of the cost of construction (repair);
• cost summaries, etc.

Local estimates refer to primary estimate documents and are compiled for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site work based on the volumes determined during the development of working documentation (DD).

Local estimates calculations are drawn up in cases where the scope of work and the amount of costs are not finally determined and are subject to clarification on the basis of the RD, or in cases where the scope of work, the nature and methods of their implementation cannot be sufficiently accurately determined during the design and are clarified during the construction process.

Estimates for individual types of costs are drawn up in cases where it is necessary to determine the limit of funds for the entire construction project necessary to reimburse costs that are not taken into account by the estimated standards (compensation in connection with the seizure of land for development; costs associated with the use of benefits and surcharges, established by decisions of government bodies, etc.).

Consolidated estimates of the cost of construction (repair) of enterprises, buildings and structures (or their queues) are compiled on the basis of object estimates, object estimates and estimates for individual types of costs.

In cases where, along with industrial objects, design and estimate documentation is drawn up for objects of housing, civil and other purposes, it is recommended to draw up an estimate document (cost summary) that determines the cost of construction of enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues.

Simultaneously with the estimate documentation as part of the project (detailed design) and RD, a statement of the estimated cost of construction of facilities included in the launch complex, and a statement of the estimated cost of facilities and environmental protection work can be developed.

It is recommended to draw up a statement of the estimated cost of objects included in the launch complex in the case when the construction and commissioning of an enterprise, building and structure is planned to be carried out by separate launch complexes. A statement of the estimated cost of construction of objects included in the launch complex is provided as part of the project (detailed design), and as part of the RD in cases where the estimated cost of objects and work is clarified according to working drawings. The specified statement includes the estimated cost of the objects included in the launch complex, as well as general site work and costs, while the numbering of objects, work and costs adopted in the consolidated estimate calculation is preserved.

In cases where a statement of the estimated cost of objects included in the launch complex is not compiled, in the consolidated estimate, after the sum of the object estimates (estimates), the results of the chapters and the consolidated estimate, the amounts of the corresponding costs for the launch complexes are given in brackets.

When designing enterprises and structures, the construction of which is carried out in stages, separate object estimates related to the stage and full development, summary estimates of the cost of construction of each stage of construction and for full development (summary of costs for the full development of the enterprise) are compiled.

If two or more general contractors are involved in the construction, the estimated cost of work and expenses to be carried out by each general contractor is recommended to be drawn up in a separate statement drawn up in relation to the consolidated estimate.

When drawing up local estimates (estimates), prices from the corresponding collections are used, and in each position of the local estimate (estimate) a standard code is indicated, consisting of the collection number (two characters), section number (two characters), the serial number of the table in this section (three characters) and the serial number of the norm in this table (one two characters). The parameters of individual characteristics (length, height, area, mass, etc.) given with the word “to” should be understood inclusive, and with the word “from” - excluding the specified value, i.e. above.

• Coefficients taking into account the conditions of work and complicating factors are given in Appendix No. to MDS 81-35.2004.

If complicating factors are taken into account by elemental estimate standards and unit prices, the coefficients given in Appendix No. 1 are not applied.

When referring in local estimates (estimates) to the technical part or introductory instructions of price collections or other regulatory documents in the column “code, standard numbers and resource codes” after the number of the collection and price, the initial letters PM or VU and the number of the corresponding item are indicated, for example: PM-5 or VU-4, and when taking into account coefficients (given in Appendix No. 1) in the positions of local estimates (estimates) that take into account the conditions of work, column 2 of the estimate indicates the value of this coefficient, as well as the abbreviated name and paragraph of the regulatory document.

Work performed during the repair and reconstruction of buildings and structures, similar to technological processes in new construction, should be standardized according to the relevant collections of GESN-2001 for construction and special construction work (except for the standards of the collection of GESN No. 46 “Work during the reconstruction of buildings and structures”) using coefficients 1.15 to the norms for labor costs and 1.25 to the norms for the operating time of construction machines. The specified coefficients may be used in conjunction with the coefficients given in Appendix 1 to this Methodology.

For work in which the production technology includes welding of metal structures, rolled metal, steel pipes, sheet metal, embedded parts and other metal products, elemental estimate standards and unit prices are developed based on the conditions of using carbon steel.
When applying stainless steel to the labor cost standards provided for in unit prices, it is recommended to apply a coefficient of 1.15.

The cost determined by local estimates includes direct costs, overhead costs and planned savings.

Direct costs take into account the basic wages of workers, the cost of materials, products, structures and operation of construction machines. They are determined in local estimates by multiplying the volume of work accepted according to working drawings by the corresponding price. The rules for determining the scope of work and instructions for the application of prices are given in the technical parts of the collections of estimate standards, as well as in the Instructions for the application of uniform regional unit prices for building structures and work and in the Instructions for the application of prices for the installation of equipment.

Overhead costs take into account the costs of construction and installation organizations associated with the creation of general production conditions, its maintenance, organization and management.

Planned savings (Estimated profit) represent the standard profit of construction and installation organizations, taken into account in the estimated cost of construction and installation work.

All estimated standards used to determine direct costs must be adopted for the conditions of the region of the country in which construction is planned, taking into account the rules contained in the Instructions for the application of uniform regional unit prices for building structures and work, Instructions for the application of prices for installation of equipment and in technical parts of the relevant collections of estimate standards.

Local estimates separately show the cost of standard conditionally net products (NCPP), adopted for planning labor productivity in construction and installation organizations, as well as standard labor intensity and estimated wages.

The accrual of overhead costs and planned savings (Estimated profit) when preparing local estimates is made at the end of the estimate after the total of direct costs, and when creating estimates by sections - at the end of each section and for the estimate as a whole.

Data on the cost of equipment, furniture and inventory are included in local estimates in the manner prescribed in the chapters of the MDS on the rules for determining the estimated cost of equipment, the development and application of estimated cost standards for tools and inventory of industrial buildings and the development and application of estimated cost standards for equipment and inventory of public and administrative buildings.

In cases where, in accordance with design data, structures (metal, reinforced concrete and others) are dismantled, buildings and structures are demolished, as a result of which it is planned to obtain structures, materials and products suitable for reuse, or certain materials are extracted incidentally to construction ( stone, gravel, timber, etc.), following the results of local estimates for dismantling, demolition (relocation) of buildings and structures and other work, refundable amounts are given for reference, i.e. amounts that reduce the amount of capital investments allocated to the customer, not excluded from the total of the local estimates and the volume of work performed.

Refundable amounts are shown in a separate line entitled “Including refundable amounts” and are determined on the basis of the product range and quantity of structures, materials and products received for subsequent use, also given after the final estimate*. The cost of such structures, materials and products as part of refundable amounts is determined according to wholesale price lists minus from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a usable condition and delivering them to storage locations. The cost of materials obtained by way of incidental mining, if it is impossible to use them in this construction, but if there is the possibility of sale, is taken into account at prices ex-place of procurement (ex-quarry - for local materials and minerals; ex-cutting area - for wood obtained from deforestation, etc.).

If it is impossible (confirmed by relevant documents) to use or sell materials from disassembly or associated mining, their cost is not taken into account in the refund amounts.

When using equipment that is included in the fixed assets and is scheduled for dismantling and transfer to a building under construction (reconstruction) within the boundaries of an expanded, reconstructed or technically re-equipped operating enterprise, local estimates provide only funds for the dismantling and re-installation of this equipment, and at the end of the estimate For reference, its book value is shown, taken into account in the general cost limit for determining the approving authority and technical and economic indicators of the project (detailed design), except for technical re-equipment.

If two or more general contractors are involved in the construction, the estimated cost of work and expenses to be carried out by each general contractor is recommended to be drawn up in a separate statement drawn up in relation to the consolidated estimate.

Additional activities of contractors related to the organization of construction and installation work are reflected in the construction organization project and are taken into account in the consolidated estimate.

To determine the estimated cost of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures (or their queues), it is recommended to draw up the following documentation:

• as part of the project (working draft):
• cost summary (if necessary);
• summary estimate of the cost of construction (repair);
• object and local estimate calculations;
• estimates for certain types of costs;
• as part of the working documentation (DD) - site and local estimates.

Estimate documentation is drawn up at the current price level.

• In the estimate documentation it is allowed to indicate the cost of work in two price levels:
• at the basic level, determined on the basis of the current estimated norms and prices of 2001;
• at the current level, determined on the basis of prices prevailing at the time of drawing up the estimate documentation.

The estimate documentation is numbered in the following order.

The numbering of local estimates (estimates) is carried out during the formation of an object-based estimate (estimate), taking into account the number and name of the chapter of the consolidated estimate of the cost of construction in which it (she) is included.

As a rule, the numbering of local estimates (local estimate calculations) is carried out as follows:

1. the first two digits correspond to the chapter number of the consolidated estimate,
2. the second two digits are the line number in the chapter
3. the third two digits mean the serial number of the local estimate (estimate) in this object estimate (estimate).

For example: No. 02-04-12

The numbers of object estimates (object estimates) according to such a numbering system do not include the last two digits corresponding to the numbers of local estimates (estimates).

For example: No. 02-04

It is recommended to present the calculation results and final data in the estimate documentation as follows:

• in local estimates (estimates), line-by-line and total figures are rounded to whole rubles;
• in object estimates (estimates), the final figures from local estimates (estimates) are shown in thousands of rubles (at the current price level) rounded to two decimal places;
• in summary estimates of the cost of construction or repairs (cost summaries), the total amounts from object estimates (estimates) are shown in thousands of rubles, rounded to two decimal places.

The results of calculations and final data in calculations of construction costs are presented similarly.

When drawing up estimates (calculations), the following methods for determining cost can be used:

• resourceful;
• resource-index;
• base-index;
• based on enlarged estimate standards, incl. a data bank on the cost of previously constructed or designed analogue facilities.

When drawing up local estimates (estimates), the conditions of work and complicating factors are taken into account.

Coefficients taking into account the conditions of work and complicating factors are given in Appendix No. 1 of MDS 81-35.2004.

If complicating factors taken into account by elemental estimate standards and unit prices, the coefficients given in Appendix No. 1 do not apply.

When referring to the technical part in local estimates (estimates) or introductory instructions for collections of prices or other regulatory documents in the column “code, numbers of standards and resource codes” after the number of the collection and prices is indicated with the initial letters PM or VU and the number of the corresponding item, for example: PM-5 or VU-4, and when taken into account in positions of local estimates (estimates) of coefficients (given in Appendix No. 1), taking into account the conditions of work, column 2 of the estimate indicates the value of this coefficient, as well as the abbreviated name and paragraph of the regulatory document.

When drawing up local estimates (estimates) for reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures, complicating factors and conditions for the production of such work are taken into account, using the appropriate coefficients given in the relevant collections of estimate norms and prices (“General Provisions” ).

When performing certain types of work in accordance with construction technology, individual materials (formwork, fastening, etc.) are used several times, i.e. turn around. Their repeated turnover is taken into account in the estimated standards and the prices compiled on their basis for the corresponding structures and types of work. In cases where it is impossible to achieve the standard turnover rate of industrial formwork, fastenings, etc. at the facility, what should be justified by the PIC, the norm is adjusted.

The cost of equipment, furniture and inventory is included in local estimates (estimates).

When using equipment included in fixed assets suitable for further operation and planned for dismantling and transfer to a building under construction (reconstruction), local estimates (estimates) provide only funds for dismantling and re-installation of this equipment, and the result of the estimate shows its book value, taken into account in the general limit, for reference cost to determine the technical and economic indicators of the project.

____________________

* Structures, materials and products taken into account in refundable amounts should be distinguished from the so-called revolving materials (formwork, fastening, etc.), used in accordance with construction technology several times when performing certain types of construction work. Their repeated turnover is taken into account in the estimated standards and the uniform regional unit prices compiled on their basis for the corresponding structures and types of work.

METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR DETERMINING THE VALUE
OVERHEAD COSTS IN CONSTRUCTION

MDS 81-33.2004

I. Administrative expenses

15. Expenses associated with official travel of administrative and economic personnel within the location of the organization.

19. Expenses associated with the payment of relocation costs for administrative and business personnel, including employees servicing official passenger vehicles, and payment of lifting allowances for them in accordance with the current legislation on compensation and guarantees for transfer, rehiring and sending to work in other areas.

20. Expenses for business trips related to the production activities of administrative and economic personnel, including employees servicing official passenger vehicles, based on the standards established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, including:

• - travel of the employee to the place of business trip and back to the place of permanent work;
• - daily allowance and (or) field allowance within the limits of standards approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
• - registration and issuance of visas, passports, vouchers, invitations and other similar documents;
• - consular, port, airfield fees, fees for the right of entry, passage, transit of automobile and other transport, for the use of sea canals, other similar structures and other similar payments and fees;
• - rental of residential premises.

List of overhead cost items in construction
III. Costs of organizing work on construction sites

13. Expenses for the relocation of linear construction organizations and their structural divisions within the construction site (with the exception of expenses for the relocation of construction machinery and mechanisms included in the cost of machine-hours, as well as expenses for the relocation of construction organizations and their structural divisions to other construction sites).

V. Costs not taken into account in overhead rates, but included in overhead expenses

9. Expenses reimbursed by construction customers from other costs related to the contractor’s activities:

• a) costs of transporting employees living at a distance of more than three kilometers, to the place of work and back by road transport (own or rented), if municipal or suburban transport is not able to provide their transportation and it is not possible to organize transportation by organizing special routes of urban passenger transport; additional costs associated with attracting funds from a construction organization on a contractual basis with local executive authorities to cover the costs of transporting workers on public ground urban passenger transport routes (except taxis), in excess of the amounts determined based on the current tariffs for the relevant types of transport;
• b) additional costs associated with the implementation of contract work on a rotational basis;
• c) costs of relocating construction organizations and their divisions to other construction sites;
• g) costs associated with sending workers to perform construction, installation and special construction work. For tax purposes, these costs are accepted in the amounts established by law;

References

• MDS 81-35.2004 Methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation;
• MDS 83-1.99 Methodological recommendations for determining the amount of funds for wages in contract prices and estimates for construction and wages for workers of construction, installation and repair organizations
• GSNr 81-05-02-2001 (Collection of estimated standards for additional costs when carrying out repair and construction work in winter)
• GSN 81-05-01-2001 (Collection of estimated cost standards for the construction of temporary buildings and structures)
• GSNr-81-05-01-2001 (Collection of estimated cost standards for the construction of temporary buildings and structures during repair and construction work)
• Letter of the Ministry of Labor of Russia and the State Committee for Construction dated October 10, 1991 No. 1336-VK/1-D “On the amount of funds for bonuses for commissioning production capacities and construction projects.”

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 31.05.00 No. 420, letter of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated 10.03.98 No. VB-20-82/12 “On payment of expenses for voluntary insurance of construction risks.”

• Letter of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated March 18, 1998 No. VB-20-98/12 “On accounting for leasing payments in estimate documentation.”

Letter of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated October 27, 2003 No. NK-6848/10 “On the procedure for allocating costs for commissioning work.”

• Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated February 13, 2003 No. 17 “On standard costs for maintaining the customer-developer service during the construction of facilities for state needs at the expense of the federal budget for 2003-2004.”

Resolution of the State Committee for Construction of Russia dated August 18, 1997 No. 18-44 “The procedure for determining the cost of work to carry out the examination of pre-project and design documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures on the territory of the Russian Federation.”

• MDS 81-7.2000 Methodological manual for calculating costs for the service of the customer-developer
• A practical guide edited by P.V. Goryachkina “Drawing up estimates in construction based on the estimate and regulatory framework of 2001.”