Who are medical residents? Residency: what is it, study or work, how long does it last. What is graduate school

Where and how does the training take place?

Training takes place in the clinical departments of universities. Training can be conducted in person and in absentia, but the second option, as a rule, can be used by an already established doctor. Residency in this case may also be needed not in all specialties. The range of training is determined by the prospective and existing needs of the healthcare system. Important stimulating conditions are the opening of large specialized scientific and practical centers, the improvement of the material and technical base and the growing need for specialists in a certain direction, which affects wages and bonuses.

Preparation

We continue to understand what residency is. What it is, you can already understand. But how is the preparation going? In addition to an individual approach, the level of professional training, work experience in the specialty and the conditions in which professional activities were carried out are taken into account. All of this has an impact on learning. Therefore, an individual plan is developed and approved for each doctor. For the training of specialists, the most qualified personnel from the existing teaching staff are involved.

Educational plans

Although they are developed individually for each specialist, they still take into account standard programs. For maximum efficiency, the entire departmental staff of the direction is involved in the work. Regarding the workload, we can say that it includes work in diagnostic departments, mastering practical skills, supervising patients, participating in operations (this is important if you are a residency in surgery) and seminars. It is also often possible to find that 25% of the study time is used to train a specialist in related disciplines. But this is used only to better perform the tasks assigned to the specialist.

Certificate of completion of training

To confirm the availability of knowledge and the passage of appropriate training, the graduate is issued a state diploma. It indicates that a person has been educated. True, initially a person is almost never given the opportunity to conduct independent activities. This is done in the interests of the patient. This is necessary to prevent a situation where a human life ends up in the hands of an amateur who cannot save it. Initially, a person is engaged under the guidance of an experienced curator. He is also assisted (albeit insignificant) by the staff of the institution.

The difference in medical training

A residency is often confused with an internship. One can only imagine how tired the doctors themselves are from this. Therefore, let's deal with this and find out how the internship differs from the residency. To do this, we will get acquainted with all the necessary terminological base. So, an internship is called the primary postgraduate training of graduates of medical schools, which is aimed at ensuring that a specialist can carry out medical activities to provide qualified medical care. Similar wording to the one at the beginning of the article. But if you figure it out and get into the documentation for this, you can find out that the residency provides for the provision of knowledge that is needed to provide specialized medical care! Therefore, it takes more time - 2 years versus one for an internship. The preparation process at the same time includes the supervision of patients, the maintenance of medical records (carried out under the supervision of the head), duty, lectures, seminars (up to 120 hours per year). It is necessary to perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and so on. That is, most of the time a person spends practical activities. And always under the supervision of your mentor. Although different types training and focused on a common goal, they have different tasks. Thus, the resident doctor must be able to work independently in health care institutions. That is why it is so important to pay attention to their preparation.

How does admission work if we are interested in residency?

Dentistry, surgery or something else - no matter what the goal is. Let's take a look at how the learning process works. It is carried out with a separation from medical practice. It can be carried out on a contract basis or at the expense of the budget. Typically, the training period for a specialist is two years. But if a person studies on a contract basis, then this period can be doubled. For clinical residency, you must have practice for at least three years (or complete an internship and have a recommendation from the academic council for training). Then there are interviews with members of the commission and passing exams. Training is carried out at the clinical bases of the departments of the university in which the person entered. For the entire period of training, the resident receives a supervisor, who can only be a professor or associate professor. If a person has successfully completed his studies and has experience in research work, then the Academic Council may issue a recommendation for admission to graduate school. If there is a desire to study in residency, then all the details and the time for submitting documents must be found out in advance. You need to focus on the end of spring (recommended) or the beginning of summer. At the same time, in addition to the usual package of files, it will be necessary to provide a diploma of higher education in one specialty, an extract from a work book, a list of scientific papers, rationalization proposals and inventions.

Conclusion

So we figured out what residency is, what it is, found out the differences between it and graduate school, and also figured out how admission and educational process. This step is important for every person who wants to learn his specialty well and become a skilled doctor. It is no secret that medical areas are complex and at the same time important for society. Alas, but now it cannot be said that the work of doctors is appreciated as we would like it to be. Similar words can be attributed to many specialties, such as a teacher, a fireman, and a number of others. But you can change the current state of affairs only by working on improving yourself as a person and the whole society as a whole. Although if we take areas such as surgery and dentistry, then a valuable (that is, a professional with golden hands) employee makes good money here.

Students of the last courses of medical universities and institutes often face various questions: “What is the difference between an internship and a residency?” or “Why does a doctor need a postgraduate education at all?” Understanding this issue is quite simple.

The educational process in any higher educational institution is considered to be fully completed when the graduate receives an appropriate diploma confirming the level of his professional knowledge. First of all, the state standard education document indicates that a newly qualified specialist has a direct path to the labor market and vacancies.

university after graduation

However, with the graduation of students of higher medical institutions, the situation is somewhat different. Here, each graduate will have to find out the difference between internship and residency. A person who graduated from a university, even with a red diploma, will not be allowed to make responsible decisions on their own, related to the treatment of patients.

And although it is quite possible for a yesterday's student to find a job in a polyclinic or hospital, he will be able to fulfill his medical duties only under the close attention of his curator, supervisor. That's when the next transitional period from the student's bench to professional labor activity begins - residency and internship. There is little difference between these two concepts.

The Importance of Passing an Internship and Residency

In fact, both are the passage of the stage of formation of individualism and independence of the doctor after graduation. In addition, this approach was enshrined at the legislative level back in 1994. The order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation approved the procedure for admission of specialists to medical and pharmaceutical activities. To go into an independent medical professional life, a university graduate must receive another important certificate - a certificate of professional suitability, which will become a symbolic pass to independent healing.

Residency and internship (what is it, all medical students know educational institutions and are looking forward to the beginning of the passage of these stages) is the main task facing graduates, the implementation of which is necessary to complete postgraduate education and comprehensive professional training.

More about interns

An internship is called the paramount postgraduate training of successful young professionals, graduates of educational institutions higher levels accreditation of a medical or pharmaceutical profile. Often, former students of specialized forms of ownership entered the internship. As a rule, internships are held in places where the elements of practical training of specialists are maximally combined, and the treatment of outpatients and inpatients.

It is easier to understand what an internship and residency in dentistry is with an example. It is here that future dentists of the highest class pass the final stage of their studies in the relevant areas. Having received a certificate for the right to engage in this activity, former interns can find a job in any dental clinic of private or state ownership or open their own medical institution.

Residency is...

What is the difference between internship and residency, you can find out by finding out the meaning of the second category.

Residency is also a type of specialized postgraduate training for people who have completed their studies at medical universities. educational institutions. Its main focus is the desire to achieve the highest skills and abilities necessary to provide full-fledged specialized assistance at the proper level.

It turns out that both residency and internship are postgraduate training periods. The difference between the two concepts is contained in the nomenclature of specialties in the medical and pharmaceutical fields approved by the order of the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation.

Differences between the two types of training

In more detail, one can say about the existing distinction between interns and residents, where the former are trained in basic specialties, and the latter are trained during the residency period and receive in-depth knowledge.

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" contains a provision confirming that residency and internship have differences only in the course of the postgraduate training process. Interns and residents, raising their qualification level, acquire the status of students of higher educational specialized institutions. In fact, they are formally equated with the status of university students.

To understand for sure what residency and internship in medicine are, it is necessary to indicate the purpose of passing these types of training.

Features of the internship

Basically, training in an internship determines the professional future of a graduate medical school. An intern who has received a certificate, as a rule, continues his medical practice in municipal or private clinics, on an outpatient basis.

The main types of training that a graduate of a medical university undergoes in order to independently treat people include the following:

• supervision of patients, filling in the relevant documentation directly under the supervision of the head of the internship;
• periodic duty with the subsequent presentation of a report at the morning "five minutes";
• gaining experience in the work of diagnostic departments of a medical institution, in blocks or intensive care.

Residency and internship (the difference does not play any role here) include the mandatory development of skills in performing medical procedures. In addition, both interns and residents need to attend learned societies take an active part in conferences.

The specifics of the employment of residents during training

It is worth highlighting a few more positions in which residency and internship differ. The difference lies, for example, in the fact that interns take a certain number of classroom lessons per year, the number of hours of which should not exceed 120 in total. At the same time, highly qualified residents are trained according to the developed curricula.

The creation of such curricula is mainly carried out by the graduating departments. The obligatory points of the training plan are:

• independent supervision of sick patients;
• just like interns, residents acquire a lot of medical experience in laboratory, diagnostic (ultrasound, CT, MRI, ECG, encephalography, endoscopy and many other types of examination) departments;
• for surgeons-residents, the main requirement in the process of residency is participation in operations;
• participation in practical seminars.

A feature of residency training can also be called the fact that some days of the week, according to the curriculum, are set aside for independent disciplinary study.

The terms of internship and residency are different. Within 1 year, he is trained in an internship, after which the intern takes exams and receives an appropriate certificate. Residents are trained for 2 years.

What is graduate school

An interesting fact is that many people still confuse what is an internship, residency and graduate school. And if everything is determined with the first two terms, then not only medical graduates can enter graduate school after graduation. This option of postgraduate education is suitable for those who decide to link their future with scientific work and research in one area or another. Writing a dissertation, defending it and conferring a scientific degree of a candidate of sciences is what successful and hardworking graduate students will eventually receive.

Conclusion

Quite a lot of common points in the course of training have residency and internship. What it is and why it is generally necessary to undergo postgraduate training will become clear not only to specialists and graduates of medical institutions.

In order to take responsibility for the health of patients, predict the condition of patients and adjust treatment in a timely manner, high-quality qualification training is necessary. That is why interns and residents go through a long learning curve.

Internship and residency - the final stage of obtaining medical education, crossed with active practice in medical institutions. How is an internship different from a residency? To answer the question, you will have to delve into the principles of training in medical universities.

What is residency and internship

Both options for postgraduate education have a pronounced practical orientation, differing markedly from each other. What is residency and internship in medicine?

Residency- postgraduate education, which is conducted for graduates of medical universities, universities and institutes. The main objective of the residency is to prepare specialists for work in state structures of the Ministry of Health or private practice.

Residency courses include:

seminars, listening and passing tests on the course of lectures;

clinical rounds of patients in city hospitals, work with case histories and epicrises;

participation and presentation at thematic conferences within the framework of the chosen topic;

work with patients under treatment.

For applicants obligatory Full-time learningduration of2 of the year(sometimes can be extended up to 5 years). The number of budget places is determined by an annual document from the Ministry of Education, it is also possible to study at paid basis. Similar educational establishments work on the basis of large universities or research institutes. Training is carried out according to an individual plan with highly qualified specialists (from a candidate of sciences and above).

Additional Benefits of Residency

We can distinguish the following differences between the residency and the abolished internship level:

issuance of documents confirming the completion of postgraduate education;

obtaining a certificate allowing independent practice;

additional scholarship from the Ministry of Health, including target areas;

holidays corresponding in duration to medical leave;

the possibility of early completion of studies in a year and a half (75% of the total duration of the program) subject to the fulfillment of the curriculum;

the possibility of extending the period of study during pregnancy, illness or other emergency circumstances.

Admission procedure

The procedure for admission to residency training is described in the document - http://docs.cntd.ru/document/456065114

The entrance exam is conducted in the form of a test, the passage of which takes 60 minutes. The minimum score to pass the test is 70 out of 100. The test is organized admission committee made up of residency teachers. The results become known the next day and must be posted both on the official website of the organization and on the information stand.

Upon admission, the results of specialist accreditation may be taken into account if they were held in the same year or a year earlier.

Internship and PhD

Internship called the first year after graduating from a medical school, during which the graduate is engaged in medical practice under the guidance of doctors. The difference between an internship and a residency is the lack of the ability to make decisions - a more experienced doctor is responsible for making a diagnosis and prescribing treatment. After a year, the intern is issued a certificate with a mark on the received specialty and he can begin to conduct a full-fledged practice. The internship depends on the specific hospital and the doctor supervising the young specialist.

Important! From January 1, 2018, the internship was canceled, and young doctors have the right to full-time work in polyclinics and outpatient clinics from the very first year.

In addition to these options, there is also a classic graduate school, which lasts three years and is needed for scientific activities, writing a dissertation.

How is an internship different from a residency?

The main difference between an internship and a residency on the part of a medical student lies in their future medical career. If a doctor wants to grow up to the head of a department or later move to an administrative position, he needs an internship education. For ordinary professionals who want to start working immediately after receiving higher education, an internship is more suitable. Now they can start practicing immediately, without spending several years on additional training.

Assistance in applying for an internship

Residents are distinguished by a more in-depth immersion in the specialty - two years of almost individual training under the guidance of outstanding specialists make themselves felt. They have to go through a practice similar to interns, but the residents have to manage patients and report documents on the decisions made on their own. Of the pluses, one can indicate part-time work, lack of duty in the hospital, little responsibility to patients. Cons - the difficulty of entering the budget and the price of paid training in case of failure.

Interns plunged into hospital life from the first days, the lack of responsibility for making diagnoses and prescribing medicines did not free them from a difficult routine.

The total amount of classes in the classroom could not exceed 120 hours annually, the rest of the time was devoted to practice.

For comparison, this period is not limited for residents and is set by the program. Training in the internship was more general in subject matter, in contrast to the in-depth residency training.

Assistance in admission to residency

The completion of residency provides a significant competitive advantage when applying for a job - any hospital will first of all hire a specialist with additional education for an open vacancy than an ordinary intern graduate. Interns in the first years are expected to work in clinics as therapists and exhausting, conveyor work in city hospitals.

Conclusion

Residency - an additional two years of study after graduation. They enter it for a further career in the Ministry of Health or for the future, to become the head of the department in a few years. It provides in-depth education in the specialty and the opportunity to start working under the supervision of the best doctors in the city. The residency graduate receives permission to practice privately. The career benefits are offset by the difficulty of admission and training.

Internship - until 2018, a mandatory year of postgraduate practice for those who did not enroll in residency. About a month of lectures and a year of work in a hospital without the right to make decisions made it possible to become a full-fledged doctor for free, a year ahead of residents. At the same time, those who have completed an internship cannot open private clinics (important for dentists, psychologists, orthopedists) and hold leadership positions.

Students graduating from higher medical education programs in universities are always faced with difficult choices. In order to receive decent wages, to have an interesting and in-demand specialization, you need to go through some additional program.

For this, students are offered two main paths: residency and graduate school.

What does postgraduate or residency training provide?

There is hardly a clinic (whether private or public) that will allow yesterday's student to make important decisions, make diagnoses and prescribe treatment.

That is why postgraduate studies and residency can be considered mandatory stages in the development of a doctor and part of higher education. Passing them makes it possible to conduct an independent practice, make difficult decisions and achieve high positions in medicine.

Details about interns

Residents are often confused with interns. This is predictable, because despite the fact that these are two different concepts, the difference between them is small.

The goal of residency and internship is the same - to give young professionals a set of relevant knowledge, skills and initial experience in the amount that will allow them to practice independently. However, there are different ways to do this.

• Learning process . The volume of classroom studies for interns cannot exceed more than 120 hours per year. Residents receive theoretical knowledge according to the program established by their department.
• Curatorship . Interns guide patients and fill out relevant paperwork under the supervision of the program manager. Ordinators do it themselves.
• Additional activities . Interns periodically take part in duty, the results of which report to the head. Residents are allocated hours for self-study required disciplines.

The duration of the programs also differ. The intern receives the necessary certificate in 1 year. Residency lasts 2 years.

What is graduate school

We talked about postgraduate programs focused on obtaining practical work skills. Postgraduate studies prepare scientific staff. At the same time, the presence of a medical education here is not a mandatory requirement for admission. You need a desire to connect your scientific activity with this area.

Postgraduate programs last 4 years, during which the student works on a topic of interest to him, receives the necessary theoretical knowledge, conducts classes with other students and prepares a Ph.D. thesis for defense with the help of a supervisor. The preparation of this work is the main goal of training. If it is successfully defended before the dissertation council, the graduate student becomes a candidate of medical sciences.

Differences in preparation

When comparing residents (as well as interns) with graduate students, several important differences can be identified.

• Target . Residency is aimed at obtaining strong practical skills and the right to conduct an independent medical practice, postgraduate studies - to obtain a Ph.D., mastering the methods of scientific research.
• Duration . Residency (internship) - 2 years (1 year). Postgraduate studies - 4 years.
• Focus of training . For residents - emphasis on practice, for graduate students - on theory and research.

In custody

An internship, residency and postgraduate study in medicine is the first step in the career path of a doctor who wants to achieve heights in his field. It is important to do it under the guidance of experienced practitioners, professional teachers and on the basis of the department with relevant training programs. Make the right choice!

Author Prue (Prudence) Holliwel asked a question in Doctors, Clinics, Insurance

What is the difference between Residency and Internship? It seems like one garbage then .... and got the best answer

Answer from M@lchish - Kib@lchish.[guru]
Internship is the primary specialization. Residency is an in-depth study of a specialty. The advantages of residency over internship is an in-depth study of the specialty.
The difference here is that a resident is a person who studies for two years, and an intern studies for only one year.
The fact is that there are a number of specialties where you first need to go through an internship and only then enter the residency, and there are specialties where there is only residency.
The internship allows you to get basic knowledge, and then in a year to have the opportunity to work as a doctor.
In general, everyone strives to break into residency, there is an opinion that internship is for C students. Although, there are different opinions. The internship counts as medical experience. In my opinion, this is her only plus.

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: What is the difference between Residency and Internship? Looks like one piece of crap....

Answer from Or me[guru]
In fact, it hasn't really mattered in a long time. But no one has changed the budget orders-decrees-instructions since the furry year. So everyone who is not lazy is "dragging" with this crap.
Well, money, again. Our economy is semi-criminal, if not completely criminal.
Today there is more order, legality and law in commerce than in the public sector.
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Residency is a pre-diploma practice (was) or advanced training. An internship is a working out in the direction (was), now it is an experience in any "priest of the world of a green specialist."