Synopsis of the lesson on the world around "Why do people explore space?". Why do people explore space? Prospects for space exploration Why do people explore space for children

https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

Why do people explore space? Petrova Alla Alekseevna Primary school teacher GBOU secondary school No. 484 of the Moskovsky district of St. Petersburg

Purpose of the presentation: The presentation is intended for the lesson of the surrounding world in the 1st grade under the program "School of Russia". The presentation systematizes and expands the elementary ideas of children about astronautics; introduce artificial satellites of the Earth and their role in life modern man.

What safety rules should be observed in the car?

Let's repeat the rules of conduct on the railway and in the train.

Rules for the behavior of children on the railway Remember: - You need to cross the tracks only on a bridge or special flooring. - Do not crawl under the wagons! Do not climb over the automatic couplers! - Do not jump into the car of the departing train. - Do not leave the car until the train has come to a complete stop. - Do not play on platforms and paths! - Do not lean out of the windows while walking. - Get out of the car only from the side of the boarding platform.

Don't walk on the tracks. - At the station, children can only be under the supervision of adults, small children need to be held by the hand. - Do not cross the tracks in front of a nearby train if the distance to it is less than 400 meters. The train can't stop right away! - Do not approach the rails closer than 5 meters. - Do not cross the tracks without making sure there is no train in the opposite direction. Rules of conduct for children on the railway

What are the safety rules for children when riding a boat. You can ride under the supervision of adults. Check the condition of the boat. There must be life-saving equipment on board. You can not rock the boat, get up, change places. Do not swim close to nearby ships and boats.

life saving equipment

What children should not do on board the aircraft: 1. Reclining the seat back on the neighbor's lap 2. Going to the toilet during the delivery of food or drinks 3. Talking to the neighbor when he is sleeping (listens to music through headphones, does not support the conversation), use a mobile phone .

Preview:

To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

continuation

Guess the riddles Try to guess what will be discussed in the lesson.

Miracle bird - scarlet tail Flew into a flock of stars.

He is not a pilot, not a pilot, He is not a plane, But a huge rocket. Children, who, tell me, is it?

Yes, that's right - let's not forget Not a small detail about him. People will study his life All the way - year after year, day after day. He stood on a par with the coming century. But the grief is only deeper because Before his immortality And he was a mortal man.

A plate floats across the blue sky. The Moon is a natural satellite of our Earth. The Moon is a natural satellite of our Earth.

The first artificial satellite For thousands of years, people have walked the Earth, but could not see it all at once. On November 4, 1957, our country opened to the world new era- space. On this day, the first artificial Earth satellite was launched. It weighed 83.6 kilograms and had the shape of a ball with a diameter of 58 centimeters. Now, although not with their own eyes, but with the help of equipment, people were able to see their planet from space.

In 1957, the second artificial Earth satellite was launched in the USSR. Laika is the first space traveler. They built a special rocket for her, put on a special spacesuit. Scientists learned about the health of the dog with the help of special devices that were installed. Laika did not return from space. Following Laika, other dogs flew into space and all returned. So scientists were convinced that living beings can live in zero gravity.

Why were dogs launched into space in the first place? Monument to the dog Laika - the first cosmonaut Will a person withstand huge G-forces during takeoff? Can an astronaut live in zero gravity? How will it affect human body space radiation? Scientists at that time could not answer these questions and risk the lives of other people.

An artificial satellite helps to conduct television programs, conduct telephone conversations, and send telegrams.

With the help of satellites, the captain guides the ship through the boundless waters of the ocean 2. With the help of satellites, the captain guides the ship through the boundless waters of the ocean. 3. The satellite transmits its observations to the Earth, and meteorologists use them to make a weather forecast. 4. Artificial satellites help to study the Earth, the sun, planets, stars, and unravel the mysteries of nature.

Artificial satellites make it possible to study the Earth, the sun, planets, stars, and unravel the mysteries of nature.

The satellite transmits its observations to the earth, and meteorologists use them to make a weather forecast.

Let's summarize What we have repeated. Why is it necessary to follow the safety rules on the railway, on the train, on the plane, in the car? What did you learn in class today? Do you feel proud of our country?

Before the first man flew into space, scientists first sent various animals into the cosmic unknown. The first reconnaissance astronauts were dogs, rabbits, insects and even microbes. The first little astronaut mouse stayed over the Earth for almost a whole day. White hairs appeared in her black fur. They turned gray from cosmic rays, but the mouse returned alive.

Then came the turn of dogs, more intelligent animals than mice and rabbits. But not every dog ​​is fit to fly. It is necessary to find one that is a little larger than a cat, that weighs 4-6 kg, that she is no more than 2-3 years old and that she has light hair - it is better seen in a movie camera.

Pedigree dogs were not suitable for difficult trials: they are too pampered and capricious. Affectionate, calm and hardy mutts were best suited for space experiments.

In the dog "space squad" every day classes and training. Dogs were taught not to be afraid of shaking and noise, to endure heat and cold, to start eating at the signal of a light bulb, and much more.

Smart and courageous dog Laika passed the "final exams" better than others.

A special rocket was built for her, where there was a supply of food, water and air. On November 3, 1959, a special spacesuit was put on Laika, and the rocket sped off the brave scout into space. Scientists learned about the health of the dog with the help of special devices that were installed on the rocket. Laika did not return from space.

Then there were Chanterelle and Seagull, Squirrel and Strelka, Bee and Mushka (died). And then there were Zhemchuzhina and Zhulka, Chernushka, Zvezdochka. They all returned to Earth.

On April 12, 1961, the planet was shocked by unexpected news: "Man in space! Russian, Soviet!"

The centuries-old dream of people about flying to the stars has come true. On a sunny morning, a powerful rocket launched the Vostok spacecraft into orbit with the first cosmonaut of the Earth - a citizen Soviet Union Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin on board.

Now astronauts live and work on space stations for a long time.

Not for one hour does work stop on space station. One crew of cosmonauts is replaced by another. Astronauts observe the stars, planets and the Sun, take pictures and study the Earth, take care of the plants and animals that live on the station, repair their comic house, and conduct many different scientific experiments. Space flight is monitored from the Earth from the Control Center.

The "wings" of the space station are solar panels. They catch the sun's rays and turn it into electricity. And the current illuminates, heats the station and feeds all scientific instruments.

The Mir space station has been operating in space for more than 15 years (since 1986) and on March 21, 2001 at 08:59:40, it was de-orbited in a controlled mode and sunk in a navigation-free area Pacific Ocean. It was replaced by the International Space Station (ISS).

You can watch a computer animation of the last three orbits of the Mir station before entering the dense layers of the atmosphere with subsequent destruction.

Another man was able to create and launch into space artificial earth satellites.

The first artificial Earth satellite was created and launched into space in our country. It happened October 4, 1957. On this day, radio stations around the world interrupted their transmissions to announce the most important news. Russian word"satellite" has entered into all languages ​​of the world.

Now thousands of artificial satellites are flying around our planet.

Satellites help to watch TV shows, conduct telephone conversations, send and receive telegrams, and connect people with each other.

With the help of satellites, the captain guides the ship through the boundless waters of the ocean. As satellites fly around the earth, they send out radio signals continuously. Based on these signals, the captain determines where the ship should sail. Circling around the Earth, the satellite with the help of television cameras observes our planet. Clouds, hurricanes, storms are clearly visible from the flight altitude. You can see where and how fast they move. The satellite transmits its observations to Earth, and meteorologists use them to make a weather forecast. People have created artificial satellites to help them study the Earth, the Sun, planets, stars, and unravel the mysteries of nature.

See you at the next lesson!

Sections: Primary School

Class: 1

Goals:

• to systematize and expand children's ideas about astronautics;
• expand students' vocabulary;
• instill a sense of patriotism;
• to acquaint with artificial satellites of the Earth, with space stations and their role in the life of modern man;
• actively use new ICT technologies in educational process(macbook)

Equipment: photographs of astronauts, children's drawings, drawings on the topic of the lesson, projection screen, MacBook'e.

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizing time

- They turned to each other, looked, smiled, started the lesson.

2. introduction teachers

Teacher. Look at the pictures on the board. What unites all these items?

The drawings depict a balloon, an airship, a rocket, a magic carpet, birds, Carlson.

Children. All of them are capable of flight.

U. What groups can these objects be divided into?

D. Fairy-tale heroes, living beings, air transport.

U. Since ancient times, people have dreamed of flying like birds. On what just did not go to heaven the heroes of fairy tales and legends! And on golden chariots (Ilya the Prophet), even on bats! (little spirits Shakespeare "The Tempest").
– Do you remember what the heroes of your favorite fairy tales used to fly? (Student answers: on broomsticks - Baba Yaga, on ducks - a traveler frog, on a flying carpet Hottabych, on his own beard - Chernomor.)
Those were fairy tales. Centuries passed, and people managed to conquer the airspace of the Earth. At first they took to the skies in balloons that could not be controlled. Wherever the wind blows, the balloon goes there. Then they came up with an airship - a controlled balloon. He was very clumsy and clumsy, later airplanes appeared. They were replaced by high-speed aircraft and helicopters. And finally the most

Miracle bird, scarlet tail,
Arrived in a flock of stars. (Rocket)

- Guess another riddle, it is related in meaning to the first one.

He is not a pilot, not a pilot,
He's not flying a plane
And a huge rocket.
Children, who, say it? (Astronaut)

(During the conversation, pictures can be shown)

3. Setting the objectives of the lesson

Who guessed what the lesson will be about? (About space.)
U. How do you understand what is space ? In your drawings you have shown how you imagine space. (Before the lesson, the guys drew on the theme "Space").
Students' statements..
- What do you think, where to find the exact meaning of the word? (IN explanatory dictionary). (Show and read).
- The dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov explains this word in this way.
Cosmos, the universe - the whole system of the universe, the whole world.
- Our planet, together with the air shell, is surrounded by an infinitely large space, it contains celestial bodies, the Sun, stars, planets, the Moon, gas, dust. The center of this whole system is the Sun.
Speaking of space, in our lesson the topic will be - Why do people explore space?
- Formulate the objectives of our lesson. (After the statements - on the board)

Learning objectives:

1. Why do astronauts fly into space?
2. What are artificial Earth satellites for? (With the help of our hero - Question Ants.)

Fizminutka

Let's remember:

What shape is our earth? (ball shape)
– What is the Moon? (Natural satellite of the Earth)
How do you understand a natural satellite? (Which nature created)
What is an artificial earth satellite? (It was created by people)
Let's listen to my assistant now. (Children prepared small messages for the lesson in advance)

Student performance

artificial satellites

- On October 4, 1957, a satellite appeared near our Earth, which was created by our scientists. Here's what he looked like.
Satellites monitor the movement of clouds - this helps to more accurately predict the weather. They follow the movement of ships in the oceans, spread telegrams, telephone conversations, television broadcasts all over the Earth, study the stars and planets. Satellites take pictures of the Earth to make maps. There are reconnaissance satellites.

- Let's open the textbook on pages 72,73. Of course, long before flying into space, animals flew. We hear about them.

Astronaut Animals

– The first reconnaissance astronauts were dogs, rabbits, insects, even microbes.
The first mouse-cosmonaut spent almost a whole day above the Earth. White hairs appeared in her black fur. They turned gray from cosmic rays, but the mouse returned alive.
The dogs flew into space after the mice. Not every dog ​​is suitable for flying. She should be slightly larger than a cat, weigh 4-6 kilograms, she should be 2-3 years old, the coat should be light.
Pedigree dogs were not suitable for difficult tests. Affectionate, calm mongrels were best suited for space experiments.
In the dog squad every day of training. Dogs were taught not to be afraid of shaking and noise, to endure heat and cold, there is a light bulb at the signal.
The smartest and most courageous dog Laika was the best. A rocket was built for her, and on November 3, 1959, the brave scout sped off into space.

First cosmonaut

- On April 12, 1961, the planet was shocked by the unexpected message “Man in space! Russian!"
On a sunny morning, a powerful rocket launched the Vostok spacecraft with the first man on board into orbit. It was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.
The first flight lasted more than an hour 108 minutes (1 hour 48 minutes). During this time, the ship circled the entire globe and sank to the ground.
Gagarin returned to earth alive and well. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In the same year, the day of flight into space was declared a holiday - Cosmonautics Day.

What is the name of the astronaut suit?

suit

– In space, both intense cold and unbearable heat. It burns in the sun, and everything freezes in the shade. The only way out is a spacesuit.
A spacesuit is a special sealed suit. It's the same temperature as a room, and it's easy to breathe. If the Sun shines brightly, then you can lower the curtains in the helmet. The suit has a radio on which you can talk with your comrades left at the station.
It would be more correct to call the suit a separate cabin. Only this cabin is made of soft material and sewn to fit.
Of course, the suit is not very comfortable, it restricts movement, but it is safe. The suit has its own air supply system. If you connect an autonomous breathing system to it, then a person can go into outer space. This system is in the knapsack. They put it on behind the back, like our briefcases, only such a satchel weighs about forty kilograms. But in weightlessness, this weight is not felt at all.

- What do you think, do astronauts have their own home in space? What is it called?

space orbital station

- Astronauts have a second home - in space. The space house is special. It's called the orbital station. This is where astronauts live and work.
The space house is like a huge bird that has spread its wings and flies above the earth. But wings are not needed for flight - this is a “home power station”. Shiny plates collect the sun's rays and turn them into an electric current that powers all scientific instruments, illuminates and heats.
– How do astronauts work?
- Not for one hour does work stop at the space station. One crew is replaced by another. Astronauts observe the stars, planets, the Sun, take pictures and study the Earth, take care of the plants and animals that live on the station, repair their space house, and conduct many different scientific experiments. Space flight is monitored from the Earth from the Control Center.
Thanks to my assistants for the prepared messages. Now on the workbook page you will work in pairs. Let's remember the rules of working in pairs.

Rules for working in pairs

1. Both should work.
2. One speaks, the other listens.
3. If you don't understand, ask again.
4. Express your disagreement politely.

Page 50, task number 1. (after completing and checking each other's work, raise their hands)
#3 - at home - find posts about how astronauts work today.

U. What should an astronaut be like? (Hardworking, smart, kind, courageous, resourceful, attentive, decisive, quick-witted, healthy, caring, hardy, patient, observant).
In flight, astronauts must perform special "cosmic rules". I will say the beginning of the rule, and you will finish it.

Astronaut, don't forget
You hold the universe... (path).
Our main rule
Perform any… (order).
Do you want to be an astronaut
I owe a lot, a lot... (know).
Any space route
Open to those who love… (work).
Only friendly, starship
Can take along... (in flight).
Boring, gloomy and angry
We won't take... (orbit).

Fizminutka

Work on MacBook- 10 min.

Your task is to launch your space rocket into space. (You can use a ready-made background and rockets).
Summing up the work.
In conclusion, we are watching a film created by our guys about Yu.A. Gagarin (IMOVIE program) (The song “You know what kind of guy he was” was used. - 4 minutes. Annex 1)

- You are great today, you did a good job. Open the envelopes, take a red rocket if everything worked out for you in the lesson, you did it completely, or a green one, if you were at a loss in something, you needed help. Pick them up.

Lesson type: combined

Target

formation of ideas about space, artificial satellites of the Earth, their purpose, space stations.

Basic concepts and definitions

Space. Yu.A. Gagarin is the first cosmonaut. Artificial satellites of the Earth, space scientific stations.

Planned results

subject

Will learn: talk about human space exploration; model the outfit of an astronaut.

They will have the opportunity to learn: make assumptions on textbook questions, conduct self-examination; answer final questions; make assumptions and prove them; understand the educational task of the lesson and strive to fulfill it; work in pairs, using the information provided to gain new knowledge.

Metasubject

Regulatory: are guided in the textbook and notebook; accept and save the learning task ; evaluate the result of their actions; predict the results of the level of assimilation of the studied material.

Cognitive: general educational - independently identify and form cognitive goals; logical - search for essential information (from the material of the textbook, from the teacher's story, playback in memory).

Communicative: are able to exchange opinions, listen to another person - a communication partner and a teacher; coordinate their actions with a partner; enter into collective educational cooperation, accepting its terms and conditions; construct understandable sentences.

Personal Outcomes

Holistic, socially oriented view of the world, initial adaptation skills in a dynamically changing world

Preparing for the assimilation of new material

We will find out why astronauts fly into space, why we need artificial satellites of the Earth.

Think about the shape of the earth. What is the Moon? Tell us what you know about human space exploration. Use textbook illustrations as a hint

Learning new material

Why do people explore space?

The first artificial earth satellite

Ship "Vostok" on which Yuri Gagarin flew around the Earth

1. The natural satellite of the Earth is the Moon. The word "natural" means that it was created by nature itself. Artificial Earth satellites are spacecraft revolving around our planet. The word "artificial" says that they were created by people.

2. "Wings" of the space station are solar batteries. They "catch" the sun's rays and turn them into electricity. A current

illuminates, heats the station and powers its scientific instruments.

3. Cosmonauts watch the Sun and stars through the window, take pictures of the Earth. They have to melt and weld metal, test strength various materials. Astronauts grow various plants on the station to find out how they feel in space.

4. Artificial Earth satellites transmit TV signals, signals of mobile phones and navigators. Navigators are devices that determine the location of ships, aircraft, cars and other vehicles.

Comprehension and understanding of the acquired knowledge

1. Who was the first astronaut?

2. Why do astronauts fly into space?

3. Why are satellites launched into space?

Conclusion

The first person to fly into space was our compatriot Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. People have learned how to create and launch artificial satellites and space stations into space.

For whatresearchspace?

For whatusneededspace?

Why do people fly into space?

Gagarin - The first cosmonaut - cartoon for children - Life of wonderful people

Despite the existing space programs and the achievements gained as a result of space exploration, many doubt that humanity needs Space and believe that the money spent on it could be useful in a completely different area of ​​​​life.

So let's try to figure it out why do people explore space ?

From time immemorial, the human eye has always been turned to the heavens, to the Cosmos. It was there that generations of people tried to find answers to many questions, predicted the future or looked for intelligent civilizations. Over the course of millennia, man's interest in space has not faded, but has intensified even more, thanks to the development of science and technology. Many believe that in the future, space is the only salvation for mankind, when there are no conditions for existence on the planet.

Already now, as a result of space programs, man has been able to get to the Moon and determine that this is not a completely useless satellite revolving around the planet, but a whole world that can solve many of our problems. Large deposits of precious metals, water ice and a huge amount of helium-3, a high-energy substance, have been discovered on the Moon.

The moon can act not only as a donor in solving the energy and resource problems of mankind, it can be useful in solving environmental problem Earth. For example, spent nuclear waste could be sent to the satellite or dirty production could be taken out. In addition, weightlessness is an ideal condition for the production of some medicines and high-precision technology.

In addition to the Moon, in recent decades, the gaze of man has also turned to Mars. According to some scientists, this planet, under certain conditions, can become an ideal place for the existence of our civilization.

What has the space industry given us?

Already now we can safely say that the space industry has greatly simplified our everyday life. Thanks to it, we have digital photo and video cameras, a GPS navigation system, satellite television, cellular communications, the Internet, comfortable clothes, dishes ... All these benefits of modern civilization have become widespread and are the product of space technologies, which were created as a result of the development of space exploration programs.

The presence of these achievements is an essential fact against the regular skeptical question: " Why do people explore space? ».

Achievements of the space industry

Over the past 50 years, thanks to space exploration and space programs, more than fifty thousand different inventions have been patented, ranging from cellular communication and ending with a Teflon pan. In addition, a little more than half a century ago it was impossible to assume that in the future the Cosmos would be open for tourist flights. I would also like to note the work on programs to protect our planet from cosmic bodies - meteorites, asteroids and comets, as well as the solution of fuel and energy problems.

What have we gained from space exploration?

1. Household items. Teflon pans, zippers and Velcro. Many skeptics will chuckle and claim that these things were obtained in earthly conditions. No one will argue, but they turned out to be the most in demand precisely for space, where they were “run in” and then “donated” to our everyday life.

The properties of Teflon in space conditions turned out to be simply irreplaceable, because this substance retains its elastic properties in a wide temperature range (-70 ... + 270 degrees). Teflon cannot be wetted with water or solvents, so it was widely used to provide thermal insulation for the Apollo space shuttles.

Despite the fact that the "lightning" was patented at the beginning of the 20th century, it became the most popular and practical in the outfit of astronauts. The same story was with Velcro, which was released in the late 40s. last century.

It was thanks to the “running in” of these innovations in space that the wide market was able to appreciate the new developments, which more than paid off the Apollo space program many times over.

2. Safety. Existing space technology can become the guardian of the safety of our planet so that we can avoid the fate of the dinosaurs. The most striking modern example of danger from outer space is the Tunguska meteorite that fell in Siberia at the beginning of the last century. To avoid such cataclysms, it is necessary to develop space programs and technologies that will not only help detect dangerous space bodies, but also allow them to be controlled or destroyed in order to avoid a collision with the Earth.

3. Energy hope - helium-3. The best solution to the energy issue of earthlings can be the extraction of helium-3 isotope from the surface of the moon, which can be used in thermonuclear reactors. The energy efficiency of this substance is so great that a small fraction of helium-3 is needed to obtain the required amount of energy. However, the snag is that the Earth does not yet have a technology for obtaining helium-3 from lunar soil.

4. Satellite communications. The idea of ​​launching satellites into near-Earth orbit was proposed in the late 1940s. 20th century. Initially, it was planned to use them to relay radio and television signals and to monitor the weather. However, the first satellites were used for military purposes for espionage.

After the end of the Cold War, commercial satellites began to be launched into orbit, which are still working in the field of meteorology, geological exploration, broadcasting radio signals, the Internet and are engaged in satellite navigation (GPS system).

5. Digital photo and video equipment "born" in outer space. For the study of space, images of the Earth and space objects, it was necessary to develop electronic telescopes, the basis of which was a PSZ matrix assembled from silicon light-sensitive photodiodes. The crowning achievement of scientists was the Hubble telescope, whose work began in 1991. Modern digital technology, television, medical microscopes are all the brainchild of space phototechnologies.

Why do people explore space?

Here are ten answers to the question: Why do people explore space?

1. The development of technology, some of which has found application in everyday life.
2. Scientific discoveries that will add to our knowledge of the universe and advance the fundamental sciences.
3. Solving energy and resource problems thanks to deposits useful substances on other planets and celestial bodies.
4. Solution of the issue of employment of the population: thanks to the development of the space industry, hundreds of thousands of people are provided with jobs.
5. The development of space tourism, which promises to become the largest and most profitable destination in the future.
6. The development of military technologies, the creation of space weapons.
7. Protecting humanity from the fate of dinosaurs: the development of space technologies aimed at protecting our planet from the "invasion" of celestial bodies.
8. Creation of colonies on the Moon and Mars in case of terrestrial cataclysms or inevitable overpopulation of the planet.
9. Raising the prestige of their country, which depends on the success of space programs.
10. Space can become a single goal, around which all mankind will rally, regardless of national or religious affiliation.

And the most important answer to the question, Why do people explore space? Space will allow us to look into the past, understand the present and see the future. In addition, the Cosmos is simply interesting and extraordinarily beautiful!