Declension of the pronoun you by cases. Declension of pronouns. Pronouns masculine and neuter

The pronoun is one of the most important parts of speech in the Russian language. In its properties, it is very close to the noun, for which it is mainly used to replace, but at the same time, limiting the tasks of the pronoun only with this function is really stupid. The pronoun refers to a person without specifically naming him, it serves to connect sentences in the text, and in some cases even to reinforce certain statements. Versatile, right? That is why the case of pronouns in sentences is so important - one cannot be careless about such a multifunctional element.

Theoretical introduction

Of course, the case of pronouns, or rather, their declension, obeys almost the same rules as nouns (it has already been said above that these two parts of speech have a lot in common). Pronouns are characterized by the presence of the same six genitive, accusative, dative, instrumental and prepositional) as for a noun.

By the way, when pronouns are in all cases except the nominative, we can say that the pronouns in Of course, the features of the declension also depend on the category of the pronoun. Some of them, in principle, do not change, in certain digits the changes concern only some individual pronouns. This is exactly what we will deal with. "Pronoun Cases" is the table we start with.

Personal pronouns

We start with the basics of the basics: changing personal pronouns by case. Personal pronouns include well-known I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they. All of them decline in cases - just substitute the right question and get the form that we need.

"Pronoun Cases" - a table relating only to the category of personal pronouns.

As can be seen from the table, in the indirect cases mentioned earlier, regardless of the number, an additional consonant "n" is obtained. More, fortunately, no features are observed: cases of personal pronouns are nothing complicated, right?

reflexive pronoun

Go ahead. This category includes a single pronoun myself, which has neither number nor gender, and still retains the same form in all cases. Here, try to decline it - and you will see for yourself.

Possessive pronouns

The next category is associated with pronouns that express the object's belonging to someone. These include mine, yours, his/hers, ours, yours, theirs. The pronoun forms of this category are presented in the following table:

The table shows that in the third person the possessive pronouns do not change at all, while in the first and second you just need to replace a couple of letters at the beginning - the endings are the same.

By the way, one of the most common mistakes in modern Russian is associated with this category. Some invent such a pronoun as "theirs", and then they also try to decline it. So, be sure to remember that in the third person in the plural there never existed such a pronoun! Them, them and only them!

Interrogative and relative pronouns

This category serves to ask a question. And here the first difficulties begin. Pronouns what?, whose?, which? have gender, number, and case. For pronouns who?, what?, how much? the presence of only the case is characteristic, the rest of the categories are alien to it. And the only pronoun that completely breaks the system is what?: it has no case, but it varies by gender and number.

The same can be said about relative pronouns. By and large, relative pronouns are the same interrogative ones, only without the question mark at the end of the sentence.

It should also be noted that in the pronoun How many the declension keeps the stress on the first syllable, not the last syllable as most people think.

Negative and indefinite pronouns

We continue to study the change of pronouns in cases with a new category, where there are also certain nuances. Gender, number and case have only none, none, whereas nobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, not at all change exclusively according to the last feature, not possessing the rest.

The forms of negative pronouns completely and completely coincide with interrogative-negative ones, with the only clarification - the addition of a prefix neither/not.

The same can be said about We take a relative pronoun, add postfixes to it - then, either, something and get a new kind of pronouns: some, something. The declension forms remain the same, which undoubtedly greatly simplifies the work with this type of pronouns. In certain cases, you can add prefixes not / neither: some, something.

Definitive pronouns

We are getting closer to the end. Next in line is a new category, all pronouns of which have gender, number and case. These include himself, most, all, everyone, each, any, other, other, whole, all. Volumetric, of course, but not at all difficult. Let's move on!

As can be seen from the table, pronoun conjugation himself, most And everyone, everyone practically coincide, but you should not rely heavily on memorizing the forms of pronouns in different cases, it is much easier to just figure out the rule, and then not experience any difficulties.

Demonstrative pronouns

The last of the categories again pleases us with nuances. Pronouns this, that-(that), such-(that) have number and case, so much (that)- only case, but such is, by analogy with what, absolutely does not want to change in cases, remaining in a single form.

And again the similarity of pronoun forms that one, that one. The case, as you can see, is a completely elementary topic, where there is really nothing to memorize.

Nuances, where without them

Of course, there are some features of the declension of pronouns. For example, attentive people have long noticed that the case of pronouns is a topic very, very close to the case of adjectives: the endings are exactly the same. The only exceptions to this rule are all, himself: in this situation, you still have to think a little.

Continuing the topic of pronouns all, it should be noted that it is the only one where there is a fluent vowel: all-all-all and so on - the root "e" simply drops out, not appearing later in any of the cases.

Moreover, some of the pronouns have so-called archaic forms: any-everything-everything. They are considered short. Also a pronoun myself in the feminine in the accusative case ( herself) is actually considered a colloquial form, whereas the literary language would desire the use of the variant most(by analogy, they also talk about tu-tuyo- from a pronoun that). More researchers determine the shape most, with an accent on the penultimate letter, but it is already considered little used and almost forgotten.

IN pronoun declension individual discharges there is a wide variety of types and forms, as well as cases of the formation of forms from different bases.

1. Declension of personal pronouns I, you; we you; He(it, she), they.

Forms of indirect cases of personal pronouns have a different basis, different from the form of the nominative case.

Pronouns I, you can represent either a male or female person. Wed: I'm almost happy.- I'm almost happy. You got angry.- You got angry.

Pronouns he, it, she, they, used with prepositions, can get the initial n (from him, to her, with them,with him, But: thanks to him, towards her, in spite of them).

2. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have a nominative form; it only changes in oblique cases, following the model of a pronoun You:

3. Possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, yours, yours, index that one, this one, interrogative and relative which, which, whose, defining samy, myself, all, everyone, other have generic shapes and forms plural and are declined according to separate patterns of adjective declension.

It is necessary to distinguish between the declension of pronouns most And myself.

Pronoun all (all, all, all) It has special forms in the instrumental singular masculine and neuter and in all plural forms:

4. Interrogative and relative pronouns Who And What and negative pronouns nobody, nothing form when declining the form from other bases:

5. Negative pronouns nobody, nothing do not have nominative case forms, and in oblique cases they are declined according to the given pattern:

6. Indefinite pronouns someone (someone, somebody)something), something (something, anything), some (any, some), someone (someone, someone) and others are declined according to the pattern of the corresponding interrogative pronouns.

7. Indefinite pronoun some in some cases it has variant forms.

8. Pronouns such as, someone, something do not bow.

Formation of new concepts and methods of activity.

(K) Read, insert the necessary personal pronouns. Exercise number 260 (oral)

(I) Declension of personal pronouns by cases Exercise No. 262

Who? He she They
From whom? Made for him, for her, for them

To whom? Approached him, her, them

In whom? Look at him, look at her, look at them

For whom? Played with him, with her, with them

About whom? Told about him about her about them

Dynamic pause.

(I) Work on cards

Level "A"

Write the text replacing nouns with pronouns, put the pronouns in brackets in the correct case.

The bear cub went to roam the clearing. Suddenly (the bear) stopped. Before (he) sat a big frog. (Frog) just woke up from hibernation. The teddy bear stretched out a paw to (she). The frog made a jump to the side. Mishka took it for a game. (Mishka) also made a jump. So (the bear and the frog) got to the puddle.
Level "B"

Read the story, write it down without mistakes.

Kolya and Petya came to the village. Simi was a dog Tuzik and a cat Vaska. A girl came to them. Iyo's name is Nadia. Before them was a lake. Ano is beautiful. There are carps there. They came to fish. Simi had fishing rods and bait. They caught a lot of them.

Fix spelling mistakes:

Give him, be friends with him, know her, ask him, go after her, feed them, make him out of him, grew up with her, take from her, follow her, crept up to them, dazzled under them, along with him.

Level "C"

Fill in the sentences with suitable pronouns.

One day …. walked across the meadow. Ko ... .. a swallow landed. …. circling around ...... The swallow touched ... ... on the shoulder, screamed plaintively, as if ... .. took away from .... chick, and ... .. asked to give ... .. back. …..didn’t realize that …. need to. I told my grandfather about this, and .... I had to laugh ... .. and explained everything.

A man walks through a meadow and scares away grasshoppers and bugs. The swallow is no longer looking for ... .. in the grass, but ... .. flies near a person and catches .... on the fly.

Text editing. Exercise number 261

Kolya and Petya painted landscapes. A girl Natasha came to them (D.p 3 persons). She (3 l R.p.) had no paints. The boys gave Natasha paints and brushes. They (3 l I. P) began to paint a big picture together. Their picture (3 l R.p.) turned out to be good.

Cube method

(D) Find the pronouns. Define the fall.
Write off. Determine the case of personal pronouns
I'm not there yet, but I'm baking bread,

And now he is taken out of the fire to feed me.

And someone sends me newspapers, and someone sews clothes for me,

And someone learns the role and worries for me,

And somewhere someone learns how to soothe the pain

So that I don’t know her! And therefore I take a notebook

And, singing something, I write poems to someone I don’t know yet.

Write down an excerpt from S. Yesenin's poem "Flowers". Find the pronouns, underline them, determine the case.

I don't like flowers from the bushes

I don't call them flowers

Though I touch them with my lips,

But I can not find tender words for them.

I only love the flower.

which is rooted in the ground,

I love him and accept

Like our northern cornflower.

Write down a poem. Find pronouns in it, determine their case.

On this couch, on this couch.

On this bed or even on that one

On this sofa or even on that one

Where the cat lies all day

Lie down and sleep, please yourself! -

I said at dinner to dad and mom. (Yu. Moritz).

What case are these pronouns?

Me(------).2.Me(______). 3. Me(______).4. Me(_____).5. Obomne (______).6. We (_-------). 7. Nami (______). 8. Us (______). 9. Onas (_______). 10. Us (_______). 11. You (_______). 12. About you (_______). 13 To you (______).

Write off with missing commas. Indicate the case of each pronoun.

1. We are young spring messengers she (we) sent forward.

2. Swallow (?) KA with spring in the senik (we) fly ts (she) and the sun is more beautiful, and spring is mile.

3. The ice cracked and broke into separate blocks; water splashed between (they.)

4. How fresh is my garden! Blossomed into (he) lilac. (A. Pleshcheev.)

The term pronoun is applied to a wide range of words, united by a common function of indicating an object or feature. Pronouns are divided into personal, reflexive, possessive, interrogative-relative, demonstrative, attributive, negative and indefinite.
In each of the selected categories, words with different grammatical features are combined, words that are inflected and invariable (pronominal adverbs). Inflected pronouns, except I, you, we, you(see Table No. 00), do not have their own inflection system: they are declined according to the type of nouns or adjectives.

Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns are me, we(first person), you you(second person) he (she, it - they); third person. For places. me, you, we And You characterized by the formation of pads. forms from different bases. V.p. personal places. always coincides with R.p.

Table No. 37.
singular plural
I you we you
AND. I you we you
R. me-i you-i n-as v-as
D. m-e you n-am v-am
IN. me-i you-i n-as v-as
Tv. many (-oy) tob-oy (-oy) n-ami in-ami
Etc. (both) mn-e (o) you-e (o) n-as (o) v-as

Table No. 38.
Singular Plural
Masculine Neuter Feminine
AND. he he-oh he-a he-and
R. his her theirs
D. him her them
IN. his her theirs
Tv. them to them
Etc. (about) him (about) her (about) them

Pronouns 3 l. decline according to the mixed declension of adjectives (see Table No. 25). Forms of indirect cases units. and many others. hours are formed from the base on j (yot) (yot merges with the ending vowel); when used with a preposition, the so-called. prepositional forms with initial "n": from him, to her, with him, between them, about him, with her, about them.

reflexive pronoun
There is no nominative case. Indirect cases are formed according to the model of the pronoun You when alternating bases seb-, sob-. V.p. coincides with R.p.

Table No. 39.
AND. -
R. myself
D. self-e
IN. myself
Tv. sob-oh (-oh)
Etc. (About Me

According to its function, phraseologism is adjacent to the reflexive pronoun each other with reciprocal value. Im.p. no, R.p. each other ; D.p. each other , V.p. each other, Tv.p. each other, Ex. about each other, about each other.

Possessive pronouns
The possessive pronouns are mine, yours, ours, yours, simple. theirs and indeclinable him, her, them.

Table No. 40.
Singular
masculine
AND. my yours
R. my-his-his-his-his
D. my-him yours-his-him
B. mine yours
or
my-his-his-his-his
Tv. my-im yours-im theirs
Neuter gender
I. my-yo-yo-yo-yo
R. my-his-his-his-his
D. my-him yours-his-him
V. my-yo-yo-your-yo
Tv. my-im yours-im theirs
Etc. (o) mine (o) yours (o) mine
Feminine
AND. my-I am yours-I am my-I
R. so-her yours
D. my-her your-her own
IN. my
Tv. my-her (-her) your-her (-her) your-her (-her)
Etc. (oh) my-her (oh) your-her (oh) my-her
Plural
AND. my-and yours-and my-and
R. my-their your-their-their
D. my-im yours-im theirs
R. my-and yours-and my-and
or
my-their your-their-their
Tv. my-them your-them their-them
Etc. (o) my-them (o) your-them (o) your-them

Possessive pronouns my, yours, mine decline according to the mixed declension of adjectives (see Table No. 28). Pronouns ours, yours form the forms R., D., Tv. and Ex. units and many others. h. according to the type of declension of adjectives with a sizzling stem (see Table No. 23): Sing. h. R. our-his, your-his; our-her, your-her; D. ours to him, yours to him; our-her, your-her; Tv. our-them, your-them; our-her (-her), your-her (-her); Etc. (o) our-em, (o) your-em; (o) our-her, (o) your-her; Mn. h. Im. our-and, your-and; R. our-them, your-them; D. our-them, your-them; Tv. our-them, your-them; Etc. (o) our-them, (o) your-them.

Interrogative-relative pronouns
Interrogative-relative pronouns are who, what, which, which, which, whose and inflexible pronoun what. Pronouns Who And What do not have plural forms. h. In Im.p. pronoun stem who-who-, pronouns what-th-. Forms of indirect cases, except for V.p. pronouns What, are formed from the bases To-(at Who) And h-(at What). In Tv.p. Who And What have an ending -eat (by whom, by what).

Table No. 41.
who what
AND. who what
R. w-h-his
D. to whom; to what
IN. w-th-o
Tv. w-w-w-eat
Etc. (About who about what

Pronouns which And which decline according to the solid variety of adjective declension (see Table No. 21). Pronoun Which g, k, x(see table No. 24). Pronoun whose (whose, whose, whose) - according to the mixed declension of adjectives (type shark's, see tab. No. 25). Unit h: R. whose, whose; D. whose, whose; Tv. whose, whose; Etc. (oh) whose, (oh) whose. Mn. h: R. whose; D. whose; Tv. whose; Etc. about whose.

Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are this, that, such, such, this, demonstrative such, such, such and inflexible demonstrative pronoun is.

Table No. 42.
Singular
masculine neuter gender
AND. this one this one This is what si-yo
R. t-th t-th t-th t-th
D. this t-th with-him this-th t-th with-him
IN. this one this one this one
or
this
Tv. t-im t-em with-im t-im t-em with-im
Etc. (about) this (about) th (about) with (about) this (about) th (about) with
Feminine
AND. t-a t-a b-i
R. th-oh t-oh s-her
D. th-oh t-oh s-her
IN. t-at t-at si-yu
Tv. this-oh (-oy) t-oy (-oy) with-her (-oy)
Etc. (about) this-oh (about) th-oh (about) with-her
Plural
AND. these t-e si-and
R. t-their t-ex s-them
D. t-im t-em s-im
IN. t-and-t-e b-i
or
t-their t-ex s-them
Tv. t-em t-em with-them
Etc. (o) et-them (o) t-ex (o) s-them

Pronoun this consistently inclined according to mixed declination (see Table No. 25); That in TV. p. units h has an ending -eat(but not -them), in pl. h. - in Im. P. -e, in R., D., TV. and Ex. -eh, -em, -emi; this is based on them. and V.p. j (yot): this, si-yo, si-ya; si-yu; other forms form from the base With-(see table No. 42). Pronoun such declines according to the solid variety of adjective declension (see Table No. 21), and such, such, such And kind of- modeled on the declension of adjectives with a base on g, k, x(see table No. 24); Unit h. such, such; ecogo, ecomu; such, such; Mn. h. such, such; such, such, such, such.

Definitive pronouns
The definitive pronouns are himself, the most, all, everyone, everyone, everyone. Pronoun by himself, by himself, by himself inflected in mixed declension adj. (see table No. 25); pronoun all, all, all - all declines in mixed declination, differing from the accepted sample in Tv.p. units h, ending -eat and a system of plural endings.

Table No. 43.
Singular
masculine neuter gender
AND. all by myself" All
R. all-its-its-its-its-its
D. to-him-to-him-to-himself
IN. all by myself" All
or
himself
Tv. himself-im all-am himself-im all-am
Etc. (o) self-ohm (both) all
Feminine
AND. myself
R. himself-oh sun-her
D. himself-oh sun-her
IN. by myself, by myself
Tv. himself-oh (-ow) sun-her (-ow)
Etc. (o) self-oh (both) sun-her
Plural
AND. himself and everything
R. himself-their sun-ex
D. himself-im all-eat
IN. himself and everything
or
himself-their sun-ex
Tv. himself-them all-emi
Etc. (o) self-them (both) sun-ex

Pronouns most And every are declined according to the hard variety of adjective declension. In the Russian literary language of the 19th century. and the first half of the 20th century. indirect cases of pronouns myself And most coincided, and in Im.p. variant forms were possible myself And the most, just And most, herself And the most; in V.p., except for forms herself And most, also used most(or herself). Pronouns any And all kinds are declined like adjectives with stems on g, k, x(see table No. 24).

Negative pronouns
Negative pronouns include places formed from interrogatives with the help of prefixes neither And not: no one, nothing, no one, none, none(colloquial); Not" who, not" what.
Declension of negative places. with components Who And What follows the declension pattern of these interrogative pronouns (see Table No. 41); for places with a component Who V.p. coincides with R., and with the component What V.p. coincides with Him. n. Pronouns Not" whom And Not" what do not have the form Im.p. Forms of indirect cases are formed according to the pattern of pronoun declension Who And What: R. nobody, nothing; D. nobody, nothing; Tv. nobody, nothing; Etc. not about anyone, not about anything.
Pronouns no And none decline according to the pattern of adjectives of the solid variety (see tables Nos. 21, 24). Pronoun nobody's- mixed declination: draw, draw; no one, no one(see table No. 25).
In oblique cases of negative pronouns nobody, nothing, no one, nothing, none And nobody's preposition position after negation; e.g. No one to try; No one to be friends with; Nothing to talk about; Don't ask anything; No sister had; Didn't date any student; There was no talk of any meetings; Haven't been to any of the houses.

Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns include the words: someone, something, some, as well as pronouns formed from interrogatives using the component something, postfixes - something, either And - someday: someone, something, some; someone's; anyone, anything; any, anyone; somebody, something, anyone, anybody; someone, something, somebody, something.
Pronouns someone And something do not bow. Pronoun some inflected according to the pattern of solid adjectives (see Table No. 00). All pronouns with components who, what, what, whose in the first or second part of the addition, they decline according to the pattern of these pronouns. Pronoun some under the influence of declination obsolete. pronouns coy has in units and pl. variable forms (see the dictionary entry for this word).
In indirect cases of indefinite pronouns with a component something the preposition can stand between the parts of the addition: some without whom, some to whom, some to whom; for something, for something, for something. In conjunction with something (some, some) setting a preposition is possible as after something, and before it: with some order; in some house and - less often - some with some assignment, some in some house.

IN pronoun declension individual discharges there is a wide variety of types and forms, as well as cases of the formation of forms from different bases.

1. Declension of personal pronouns I, you; we you; He(it, she), they.

Forms of indirect cases of personal pronouns have a different basis, different from the form of the nominative case.

Pronouns I, you can represent either a male or female person. Wed: I'm almost happy.- I'm almost happy. You got angry.- You got angry.

Pronouns he, it, she, they, used with prepositions, can get the initial n (from him, to her, with them, with him, But: thanks to him, towards her, in spite of them).

2. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have a nominative form; it only changes in oblique cases, following the model of a pronoun You:

3. Possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, yours, yours, index that one, this one, interrogative and relative which, which, whose, defining most, himself, all, everyone, other have generic and plural forms and are declined according to separate patterns of adjective declension.

It is necessary to distinguish between the declension of pronouns most And myself.

Pronoun all (all, all, all) has special forms in the instrumental singular masculine and neuter and in all plural forms:

4. Interrogative and relative pronouns Who And What and negative pronouns nobody, nothing form when declining the form from other bases:

6. Indefinite pronouns someone (someone, anyone), something (something, anything), some (any, some), someone (someone, someone) ) and others are declined according to the pattern of the corresponding interrogative pronouns.

7. Indefinite pronoun some in some cases it has variant forms.

8. Pronouns such as, someone, something do not bow.

Adverbs. Classes of adverbs by meaning. Stylistic resources of adverbs.

Adverb- an independent unchangeable part of speech, which denotes a sign of an action or a sign of a sign. Answers the questions Where? When? Where? Where? Why? For what? How?

Discharges (types) of adverbs by meaning.

There are two categories of adverbs by meaning - attributive and adverbial.

Circumstance adverbs.

They serve as indicators of spatial, temporal, causal, target relationships associated with the action.

Examples: far, close, to the left, long ago, yesterday, in winter, in the evening, for the first time, rashly, from evil, involuntarily, on purpose, intentionally, by chance, in mockery

Defining adverbs.

They characterize the action itself, the sign itself - its quality, quantity, method of performance and are divided into the following categories: