The device acting as an ionizer is called a Chizhevsky lamp or chandelier. Many city dwellers want to feel the crisp air of a forest in their home, as well as feel the cool smell after a summer thunderstorm. All this can be accomplished using a process such as airspace ionization.

Chizhevsky chandelier - what is it?

The human body needs clean and high-quality air. One of the most important components of the airspace are ions, which can contain a charge of a positive or negative sign. The first device that can change the number of electrons was the Chizhevsky chandelier, the circuit of which can look different because it depends on the method of manufacturing the mechanism. In simple terms, the device is a regular electrode.

Chizhevsky chandelier - history of creation

The first half of the 20th century is characterized by active study of the process of air ionization. This is because scientists from all over the world wanted to find a method by which the quality of air space in a building could be improved. Chizhevsky's lamp was the result of extensive research activity. Its properties and influence on the human body are still uncertain.

The chandelier was named in honor of the Soviet biophysicist A.L. Chizhevsky. Moreover, it is not directly related to the invention of the device. However, the aeroionification techniques that he developed formed the basis of this lamp. The scientist noted in his research publications that air that does not contain ions has a negative effect on the well-being of animals.

Chizhevsky chandelier - operating principle

The mechanism of action of the device is a simple process.

1. Finding out what this Chizhevsky chandelier is, we note that the main component here is the electrode. The voltage supplied to the main element is generated in a system consisting of two electrodes. These are conductors of electric current that differ from each other in radius.
2. On the one hand, a needle-like structure is fixed on the electrode, which is characterized by a minimum radius. On the other hand, the second electrode is a wire that acts as a voltage transmitter.
3. A needle mounted on one of the electrodes performs a fundamental function because electrons are stripped from it. This happens at the moment of collision with air molecules. Subsequently, particles inhaled by a living organism affect metabolic processes.

Chizhevsky lamp - what is it used for?

A person cannot imagine his life without modern technology and various gadgets. On the one hand, such devices make life comfortable and interesting. On the other hand, they fill the air space with positive oxygen electrically charged particles, which leads to a deficiency of negative charges. It is necessary to equalize the impact of technical means on the air, and these actions can be carried out by an ionizer - a Chizhevsky lamp.

Chizhevsky chandelier - instructions for use

The equipment will be useful if you follow the basic rules for its use. There are two types of instructions that must be followed to get positive results from using this ionizer. The rules explaining what a Chizhevsky chandelier is indicate the specifics of the first session and installation of the chandelier.

1. The first time you turn on the lamp should not take more than half an hour.
2. It is necessary to increase the time period of operation of the Chizhevsky chandelier to 3-4 hours per day.

City residents may experience headaches and nausea during the first procedures. This is normal practice, since such sensations are new to the body, so it is necessary to reduce the time you use the chandelier. To correctly carry out a session, you need to pay close attention to the rules for installing the device:

• the ceiling height must be at least 2.5 m;
• indoor air humidity should not exceed 80%;
• the air should not contain toxic substances
• the chandelier must be located at a distance of at least 2.5 m from technical devices.

Chizhevsky chandelier - benefits and harm

Ionized air space cannot be called uniquely beneficial for the well-being of the human body. On the one hand, ridding the air of bacteria and microbes has a healing effect on the body. On the other hand, an excessive amount of negative charges can lead to unpleasant consequences. The Chizhevsky lamp, the benefits and harms of which are actively discussed to this day, has both positive and negative effects.

Chizhevsky lamp - benefits

The device, at a minimum, can purify the air in the room, which will have a beneficial effect on the health of people who have health problems:

• inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi, nose and larynx;
• asthma attacks (asthma);
• infectious diseases (tuberculosis);
• allergic reaction;
• central nervous system disorder.

Studies have shown that the Chizhevsky chandelier, the benefit of which is not only the purification of air space, has a number of other positive effects on the human body:

• increasing the efficiency of completing assigned tasks;
• reducing the likelihood of cerebrovascular accidents;
• improving the functioning of the respiratory system.

The device has a positive effect not only on the human body. Experiments with the use of an ionizer in plant growing have shown good results; for example, the Chizhevsky chandelier for plants acts as a growth stimulator and increases the vital activity of cells of plant origin. It is important to note that not all studies conducted are supported by scientific evidence, which casts doubt on the achievements obtained.

Chizhevsky chandelier - harm

The lamp has a huge number of advantages, but can cause potential harm to the owner. Numerous experiments have revealed the following negative aspects of the device:

• complications of cardiovascular diseases;
• headaches in the forehead;
• respiratory rhythm disturbance;

There is an opinion that there are no restrictive barriers to using the device. However, there are a number of scientific theories that prove that not everyone can use ionizers; the Chizhevsky chandelier was no exception to the rule, the contraindications of which are as follows:

• oncological diseases;
• renal failure:
• late stage tuberculosis;
• heart failure.

DIY Chizhevsky chandelier

You can make the lamp yourself; for this you need the following materials:

• a hoop made of metal with a diameter of no more than 1 m;
• wires made of copper with a diameter of no more than 1 mm;
• sharp needles;
• generator.

If all the necessary parts are available, then manufacturing the device will not take much time. A DIY Chizhevsky lamp consists of several steps, the implementation of which will help save money.

1. It is necessary to secure the wires on a metal hoop. Moreover, they need to be positioned mutually perpendicular to each other at a distance of 40-50 mm.
2. Secure the needles in the position where the wires intersect.
3. Attach three wires to the hoop at one end.
4. Connect the other ends to each other over the hoop.
5. Connect the generator to the homemade structure.

Making this equipment yourself will help you avoid unpleasant situations associated with purchasing a device. The market for this device has gained great demand, which has led to the emergence of unscrupulous sellers. They began to speculate on such a mechanism as the Chizhevsky chandelier: quackery, deception, deception - all this can be found when purchasing counterfeit goods.

This month marks
100th birthday
Alexander Leonidovich CHIZHEVSKY
(1897-1964)

SOLAR PULSE IN THE RHYTHMS OF THE PLANET

In the 20s, an interesting experiment was carried out, the results of which were then reported in the Operations Department of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs and in the Electrical Engineering Department of the People's Commissariat of Railways: spontaneous disruptions in the operation of electrical communication devices were observed for a long time, the resulting statistical data were compared with astrophysical and geophysical observations. It turned out that the reliability of the functioning of telegraph communications and other electrical devices directly depends on the state of the surrounding environment, systematically disturbed by cosmic factors.
The author of these studies was a young, twenty-eight-year-old scientist Alexander Chizhevsky. For some reason, they did not want to extend his work contract with him at the Biophysical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, but they attracted him to active scientific cooperation in the Practical Animal Psychological Laboratory of the Main Science of the People's Commissariat for Education, headed by the famous trainer Vladimir Durov...
The whole life of A.L. Chizhevsky is full of contrasts and contradictions. Either by the will of fate he was elevated to the crest of glory, or thrown into the abyss of misfortune, and in the central press the scientist was defamed as an “enemy of the people.” What to do - apparently, the ambiguity of the life line is characteristic of many extraordinary natures, and especially in the field of science. This logic was accurately noted by the Danish storyteller Hans Christian Andersen: from the “ugly duckling” a magnificent swan grows. From Chizhevsky, who at first seemed to some an eccentric, or even an adventurer, grew into a genius, whose memory is now applauded by the whole world.
A.L. Chizhevsky made an important discovery: everything living - from the simplest microorganisms to the biosphere as a whole - is born, develops and lives in the rhythm (or rather rhythms) of sun activity (or, as they also say, solar activity). He completed the great work begun by Nicolaus Copernicus - the breaking of geocentrism in its last refuge - in the sciences of the biological and social forms of the movement of matter. In the major monograph by A.L. Chizhevsky, “The Cosmic Pulse of Life,” just published by the Mysl publishing house, this is described in the most complete form.
But this is not the only thing the remarkable scientist is famous for. When Alexander Leonidovich was asked what he mainly does, the answer was: “Electricity of life!” In this direction he made fundamental discoveries. Any one of them would be enough for his name to remain forever inscribed in the history of natural science. It was he who discovered the biological effect of ionized and deionized air. Aeroions of negative polarity are the “vitamins” of the elixir of life we ​​inhale; without them, the normal functioning of metabolic processes in biosystems is impossible. He was responsible for the establishment of the electrically determined structural-systemic ordering of living blood and the creation of the theory of electrogeodynamics. In the history of hematology, this scientist’s discovery is equivalent to the discovery of blood circulation itself. Based on his work, Chizhevsky proposed a method for early diagnosis of cancer, ahead of all known biochemical tests.
Based on his innovative scientific ideas and discoveries, Alexander Leonidovich laid the foundations of electro-aerosol therapy and electron-ion technology, which is used today everywhere in industrial production (from electro-painting to electro-separation of dispersed substances, from electro-cleaning and electric improvement of environmentally unfavorable environments to electric intensification of physico-chemical processes and management of the latter).
A.L. Chizhevsky was decades ahead of his contemporary science and technology, stepped into the 21st century, and his very significant contribution to the knowledge of the universe will also be appreciated by future generations.

Leonid GOLOVANOV, member of the Presidium of the K. E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Cosmonautics.

As is known, the aeroionizer (“Chizhevsky Chandelier”) consists of a high-voltage DC source of negative polarity and the “chandelier” itself - the “emitter” of aeroions. Let's first get acquainted with the voltage source, the diagram of which is shown in Fig. 1.



This is how the source works. The positive half-wave of the mains voltage charges capacitors C1 and C2 through diodes VD2, VD3 and resistors R5, R6. Transistor VT1 is open and saturated, and VT2 is closed. When the positive half-wave ends, transistor VT1 closes and VT2 opens. Capacitor C1 is discharged through resistor R4 and the control junction of thyristor VS1. The thyristor turns on, and capacitor C2 is discharged onto the primary winding of transformer T1. In the oscillatory circuit, consisting of capacitor C2 and the transformer winding, damped oscillations occur.
High voltage pulses arising on the secondary winding are fed to a multiplier made on diode columns VD6-VD11 and capacitors SZ-S8. A negative voltage of about 25...35 kV from the output of the multiplier is supplied through current-limiting resistors R7-R9 to the “chandelier”.
The source mainly uses resistors MLT, R7-R9 - C2-29 (MLT with the same total resistance is also suitable), R6 -SPOE-1 or any other power of at least 1 W. Capacitors - K42U-2 for voltage 630 V (C1) and 160 V (C2) and KVI-3 for voltage 10 kV (SZ-S8). In place of C1 and C2, you can use paper, metal-paper or metal-film capacitors for voltages of at least 400 and 160 V, respectively. Capacitors SZ-S8 - any others with a voltage of at least 10 kV and a capacity of at least 300 pF.
Diode VD1 - any low-power silicon diode, VD2 and VD3 - any for an operating voltage of at least 400 V, VD4 - 300 V, VD5 - any of the KD202 series for a voltage of at least 200 V or another similar one. High-voltage poles can be KTs110A, KTs105D, KTs117A, KTs118V or others with a voltage of at least 10 kV. SCR - KU201 or KU202 series for a voltage of at least 200 V.
Transistor VT1 can be replaced by almost any n-p-n structure of low or medium power, for example, the KT312, KT315, KT3102, KT603, KT608 series; VT2 - any of the same medium or high power structure with a permissible collector-emitter voltage of at least 300 V, for example, KT850B, KT854A, KT854B, KT858A, KT859A, KT882A, KT882B, KT884A, KT940A.
A B-115 automotive ignition coil was used as the T1 transformer, but any other automobile or motorcycle coil will do.

The source is assembled in a housing measuring 115 x 210 x 300 mm, made of dry plywood 10 mm thick, the walls of the housing are connected with screws and glue (Fig. 2). All elements of the source, except for the transformer, are mounted on a printed circuit board measuring 140 x 250 mm made of single-sided foil fiberglass, a fragment of which is shown in Fig. 3 in scale 1:1.5. For capacitors SZ - C8, windows measuring 55 x 20 mm are cut into the board. The capacitors are secured with petals screwed to them, which, in turn, are soldered to the contact pads of the printed circuit board.

The MGShV-0.75 wire to the “chandelier” is led out of the housing through an insulator machined from fluoroplastic, but any thick-walled tube made of insulating material can be used.
In contrast, it is advisable to make a “chandelier” in the following order. First, you need to prepare the appropriate number of stationery pins with a ring as needles. Tin the rings by dipping them into molten solder, onto the surface of which solid zinc chloride is first poured (it melts). You can simply dip the rings into a solution of zinc chloride (soldering acid) before tinning.
Next, you need to make a ring with a diameter of 700...1000 mm by bending it from a metal tube with a diameter of 6...20 mm and connecting the ends of the tube end-to-end using a piece of metal rod of suitable diameter and rivets. Cut a circle from corrugated cardboard that fits freely into the ring. Mark the circle with a grid with a side of squares of 35...45 mm and insert needles into the nodes of the grid, then pull tinned copper wire through the rings of needles in two directions and solder the rings. Insert the circle into the ring and wind the ends of the wire around it, preferably soldering the turns. Carefully remove the cardboard circle, stretch the mesh a little to obtain the desired deflection - the “chandelier” is ready.
Install the “chandelier” at a distance of at least 800 mm from the ceiling, walls, lighting fixtures and 1200 mm from the location of people in the room. It is advisable to place it above the bed, securing it to two fishing lines with a diameter of 0.8...1 mm stretched tightly between the walls of the room. It is convenient to tighten the fishing line in a triangle - two hooks for attaching it are installed on the wall to which the “chandelier” is closer, one on the opposite wall. The “chandelier” itself is attached to the fishing line with small wire hooks.
It is advisable to install the voltage source at a height of about two meters, for example on a cabinet.
Before turning on the device for the first time, variable resistor R6 should be set to the lowest position according to the diagram. Having turned on the source with the “chandelier” connected to it, smoothly increase the voltage supplied to it by turning the axis of resistor R6. After the smell of ozone appears, reduce the voltage until it disappears.
If corona is observed in a high voltage source, determine its location in the dark and cover it with molten paraffin (of course, with the source de-energized).
It is useful to check the performance of the “chandelier”, as recommended in, and if you have a static voltmeter, measure the voltage on it. It should be about 30 kV.
It should be remembered that large metal objects in the room in which the air ionizer operates, for example, a chandelier or a bed, as well as people, can accumulate an electrical charge. The spark that occurs when you touch them can be quite painful.
In addition, after a lighting chandelier accumulates a charge, a breakdown of the insulation of its electrical wiring is possible, harmless, but accompanied by a fairly loud click.
Therefore, it is advisable to ground metal objects, preferably through resistors with a resistance of several megaohms. The metal frame of the lighting chandelier can be connected through the same resistor to one of the network wires.
The author turns on the aerial ionizer before going to bed for two hours, using for this purpose the timer described in.

LITERATURE:
1. Ivanov B. “Chizhevsky’s chandelier” - with your own hands. - Radio, 1997, No. 1, p. 36, 37.
2. Aleshin P. Simple timer. - Radio, 1986, No. 4, p. 27.

S. BIRYUKOV, Moscow
Radio magazine, No. 2, 1997

Hello to all fans of electronic homemade products. It’s time to tell you about another homemade product. And today we will talk about the so-called Chizhevsky chandelier.

Recently, there has been a lot of controversy about the benefits and harms of Chizhevsky’s chandelier. It helps some, harms others, and others are indifferent to its effects. To find out who is right and who is wrong, you need to consider each specific case separately. I won’t go into this in this article, but next time.

It has long been proven that negative air ions have a good effect on the entire human body, while positively charged ions depress the body. Measurements were made in forest plantations, which showed that the concentration of air ions can reach, in densely populated thickets, up to 15,000 per cubic centimeter. While in a residential apartment the number of air ions in one cubic centimeter can drop to 25. From all of the above, we can conclude that it is necessary to increase the number of negatively charged ions. To do this, we will need a Chizhevsky chandelier, which we will make with our own hands. Almost 100 years ago, Professor Chizhevsky developed a method of air ionization. He proved that it is negatively charged particles that have a beneficial effect on humans.

DIY Chizhevsky chandelier, diagram and description

Chizhevsky's chandelier consists of two parts. This is the chandelier itself, as it is also called an electroeffluvial chandelier. And a high-voltage converter unit, at the output of which we should get from 25-30 kilovolts.

To make a high-voltage voltage converter, I used the simplest Chizhevsky chandelier circuit. It does not contain transistors or any scarce radio components. The circuit uses a minimum of radio components:

This scheme has become widespread. As a high voltage source, a voltage multiplier is used here, built on 6 high-voltage diodes VD3-VD8, and 6 capacitors C3-C8. Power to the multiplier is supplied from the high-voltage coil Tr1. The mains voltage has two half-waves. One half-wave charges capacitor C1, and the other half-wave opens thyristor VS1. Capacitor C1 is discharged through thyristor VS1 to the primary winding of transformer Tr1. A high-voltage pulse occurs in the transformer, the voltage of which is increased by a multiplier to a voltage of 30 kilovolts.

Device details:

• High-voltage coil B51, or similar
• Thyristor KU202N
• Diode D202K - 2 pieces
• Resistors 33 kilo-ohms, 1 mega-ohm 2 watts
• Resistor 1 kilo-ohm, 7 W
• Capacitor 1 microfarad 400 volts
• Capacitors 390 picofarads, 16 kilovolts -6 pieces
• High voltage diodes, 6 pieces

Now let's take a closer look at the main voltage converter board and the voltage multiplier board. All the main radio components of the device are mounted on the converter dress:

High-voltage coil from a motorcycle, B51-12v. It can be replaced with any other vehicle. You can also use a horizontal scan transformer TVS-110L6 or similar:

Nowadays, it is much more affordable to buy a high-voltage coil from a moped or scooter, for example this one:

It is advisable to use capacitor C1 for voltages below 400 volts, but in my case a capacitor for voltages of 300 volts is used, so far it works flawlessly:

Seven-watt resistor R1, rated 1 kilo-ohm, taken from a tube TV. If you do not have such a resistor, then you can connect several two-watt resistors in parallel, so that you end up with a nominal value of one kilo-ohm:

The remaining radio components are located nearby and are connected by surface mounting:

A correctly assembled voltage converter for a Chizhevsky chandelier should start working immediately. Before the first start-up, the high-voltage wire of the reel should be placed near the common wire at a short distance, approximately 5 mm. If you do not maintain this distance, but make it much larger, say 3-4 cm, then a breakdown of the high-voltage coil inside the bobbin itself may occur. After this, we supply power to the entire circuit, observing safety rules. If the circuit does not start, you should select thyristor VS1. Since thyristors, even from the same batch, have a wide variation in their characteristics, special attention should be paid to the selection of a thyristor.

Attention! Be careful. This high-voltage converter does not have galvanic isolation from the network. Almost all radio components are under mains voltage. To somehow protect yourself, try to apply the phase to the resistor R1, and the zero to the common wire.

To power the chandelier, a voltage of 25 kilovolts to 30 kilovolts is required, and if used in rooms with high ceilings, the voltage must be raised to 50 kilovolts. To provide such a voltage, a multiplier consisting of at least 6 diodes and 6 capacitors is required. Only in this case can you obtain the required voltage. In this regard, it immediately comes to mind to use a high-voltage multiplier, which is used in CRT-type TVs. I also thought for a long time about how to adapt it to Chizhevsky’s chandelier. But, unfortunately, plus voltage is supplied to the aquadag of the kinescope. And in order for us to get negative air ions, we need to apply negative high voltage to the chandelier. And since all high-voltage diodes and capacitors are filled with the same compound, the polarity cannot be changed. So I took some voltage multipliers from the TV and, using light hammer blows, tried to break them and remove the capacitors and diodes. To some extent I succeeded. Where the pins were torn off at the root, we had to solder them. Some fragments of the compound had to be sanded down. As donors I used the following voltage multipliers UN 8.5/25-1.2-A:

As a result, I got this multiplier. A piece of plexiglass was taken as a basis and high-voltage diodes and capacitors were secured using wire clamps:

In order not to make a mistake with the polarity of high-voltage diodes, and to connect them correctly according to the circuit, you need to know in which direction each high-voltage diode conducts current. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to check this with a multimeter, since each diode consists of a large number of washers, single diodes, the internal resistance of each diode is very high and the multimeter will show infinity. To get out of this situation you need to use a megohmmeter. But first, using a conventional diode, you need to determine which terminals of the megohmmeter are positive and which are negative. Then ring each high-voltage diode and mark it with a plus or minus. After this, it will not be difficult to connect capacitors and diodes into one circuit so that we get a high voltage:

Of course, to avoid all this hemorrhoids, you can use normal high-voltage diodes like KTs201G-KTs201E or D1008. But, unfortunately, in my outback it is simply impossible to find them, and in Soviet times it was simply impossible to order via the Internet. Therefore, I decided to use this extraordinary method of obtaining high-voltage diodes and capacitors.

Both assembled boards must be placed in some kind of housing. In this case, a condition must be met - the high-voltage voltage multiplier should be placed at a certain distance from the converter itself. Especially the area of ​​diode VD8 and capacitor C6, since in this place there will be the highest voltage, and an unauthorized breakdown may occur.

DIY Chizhevsky chandelier

The time has come to talk about making the chandelier itself for the ionizer. To effectively ionize air, you need to use pointed needles, which should be located on a certain plane. Of course, ideally, you need to use as much of the radiated surface area as possible. As a base for a chandelier, you can use an aluminum hula hoop with a diameter of up to 1 m. But you must admit, having such a large chandelier in an apartment will be impractical, and it will take up a lot of space. Therefore, I decided to make it more compact, since the main thing in a chandelier is the amount of high voltage, but still the area is secondary. The main rule to follow is the presence of pointed needles. As a result, I ended up with this design:

When making this Chizhevsky chandelier, I followed this scheme:

The base of the perimeter was made of copper wire with a diameter of 2.4 mm. Then wires with a diameter of 1 mm were stretched mutually perpendicularly. The result is a grid with 35 mm cells. Then, sharp needles 45 mm long were soldered into each node of the resulting mesh. I chopped the needles with a chisel, from a motorcycle cable that is used for clutches. Of course, you can use factory-made needles with a ring, but it seemed to me that they would be painfully stiff and not so elastic. Since the needles are made of steel, soldering them is not so easy. To ensure that soldering does not cause difficulties, the tip of each needle must first be tinned with soldering acid, and if you do not have it, then with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin):

After making the Chizhevsky chandelier, it was time to test it. To do this, we take the emitter itself and hang it from the ceiling. I hang the lighting from the chandelier, about 1 m below it. To isolate the emitter, you need to hang the chandelier itself on a fishing line. We connect a high-voltage wire from a high-voltage converter to the center of the chandelier. Also, in my opinion, power should be supplied to the chandelier according to the following scheme: the phase is supplied to the resistor R1, and the zero to the common wire. In my opinion, this is especially important in an apartment in a reinforced concrete building, since the reinforcement of concrete slabs is essentially ground, and the radiation will be more effective if the network power zero is supplied to the common wire, generally as indicated in the diagram:

Then we supply mains power to the high-voltage converter and check the chandelier in action. During its operation, no odors should be emitted, especially ozone, as well as light gases during corona, which can occur due to poor insulation of high-voltage capacitors or diodes. If you bring your hand to the side of the needles, you feel a slight chill already from a distance of about 20 cm. Honestly, this is an indescribable feeling when there is no wind, but it seems that there is some. If the lights in the apartment are completely turned off, then at the tip of each needle you can see a luminous point through which the discharge occurs. If you bring a low voltage indicator to the bottom side of the chandelier, then the gas discharge lamp in this indicator begins to glow from 80 cm, and if you bring the indicator closer and closer, it lights up brighter.

Although the voltage on the chandelier reaches 30 kW, the current is very small, and it cannot harm others. In order for us to indirectly verify the magnitude of the high voltage, we need to bring a metal object, holding it firmly in our hand, and evaluate the magnitude of the discharge. Based on the length of the arc, you can indirectly judge the magnitude of the voltage by adopting a simple formula that there are 10 kilovolts of voltage per 1 cm, respectively, for 30 kilovolts a distance of about 30 mm is required, which is what I did:

As you can see, the breakdown voltage is at least 25 mm, accordingly the operation of the chandelier will be effective. Practice has shown that it is for this Chizhevsky chandelier, which we made with our own hands, of a small area, that this high-voltage converter is quite effective. The heating of resistor R1 is not so great, it is barely warm. Ignition coil B51 is generally cold. The diodes and capacitors of the voltage multiplier are barely perceptibly warm. Since the therapeutic effect of using the Chizhevsky chandelier occurs within 30 minutes, this converter can be used without fear of overheating for much longer.

Only time can tell how beneficial this device may be for health, or whether, on the contrary, it will harm. So don't be shy, make a chandelier. I hope she adds health. Thank you all for reading to the end, see you again, goodbye everyone.

I would like to present to your attention my own development of an air ionizer. There are many devices in this segment, but a detailed analysis of the operating principle and their circuits revealed that many of them are just a marketing ploy and do not bring any benefit.

Nowadays, when clean air has become a luxury and you can only breathe it far outside the megacities, this article is relevant. We have all noticed that after a thunderstorm, the air becomes light, it is pleasant to breathe deeply, and if there were any ailments, it immediately went away. This phenomenon interested many scientists, but only one managed to get to the bottom of the truth. At the beginning of the 20th century, a brilliant Russian scientist invented a device reminiscent of a chandelier and named after the inventor - the Chizhevsky chandelier.

The ionizer generated only negatively charged ions, which are the ones that have a beneficial effect on the human body. The scientist put a lot of effort into proving he was right and giving his device the right to life. He conducted a huge number of experiments and experiments on living organisms. Based on the research results, the enormous benefits of the artificial ionizer were revealed both in agriculture (the volume of the crop where the device worked increased) and in medicine, providing a preventive and therapeutic effect on the human body. Chizhevsky published the results in his own book:

As can be seen from the table, the ionizer had a positive effect on all types of diseases.

Later, a new treatment method appeared in medicine - aeroion therapy. The air in the room where the treatment is carried out is saturated with the device with light air ions, as a result of which it turns into healing and resembles the air after a thunderstorm.

Indications for use:

1. Bronchial asthma
2. Runny nose, pharyngitis, laryngitis, acute and chronic bronchitis
3. Initial stage of hypertension
4. Burns and wounds
5. Neuroses
6. Whooping cough
7. Chronic periodontitis
8. Treatment of deviations from normal behavior in newborns
9. Anti-aging effect

This is not a complete list of all indications for treatment.

Studies of air ions have been and are still being carried out by scientists from the Mordovian State University. N.P. Ogarev, who proved the benefits of this phenomenon, who also presented their devices to the public and who also destroyed marketing myths.

Scientists have proven such a phenomenon as a deficiency of air ions in the air, which has a detrimental effect on health. Experimental rats that breathed air without air ions became lethargic, weak, lost reproductive function and ultimately died on days 10-14 of the experiments. Alexander Leonidovich proposed a project for air ionification in premises, especially production workshops of factories and enterprises, because it is in such premises that the number of air ions is the smallest. But this did not gain much popularity.

The result of Chizhevsky’s work was worldwide recognition and introduction of the invention into all possible industries abroad. Foreign scientists tried to repeat the design of Chizhevsky’s chandelier, but since the scientist did not sell his ideas, the creation of a similar device was not successful abroad. But over time, for some reason, attention to this discovery became less and less. And if you ask any passerby whether he has heard anything about Chizhevsky’s chandelier, the majority will give a negative answer, which is undeserved and very sad.

Let's move on to the technical part.

Physical principle of operation:

Ionization occurs under the influence of a high-intensity electric field, which appears in a system of two conductors (electrodes) of different sizes, near one electrode, with a small radius of curvature - a tip, a needle.

The second electrode in such a system is the network wire, the ground wire, the electrical network itself, radiators and heating pipes, water supply systems, wall fittings, the walls themselves, floors, ceilings, cabinets, tables, and even the person himself. To obtain an electric field of high intensity, a high voltage of negative polarity must be applied to the tip.

At the same time, electrons are released from the needle, which, colliding with an oxygen molecule, form a negative ion. those. A negative oxygen ion is an oxygen molecule O2 with an additional, free electron. It is this electron that will subsequently fulfill its favorable, positive role in the blood of a living organism. These negative air ions will scatter from the tip, the needle, to the second, positive electrode, in the direction of the electric field lines.

An electron that leaves the metal of the tip can be accelerated by the electric field to such a speed that, colliding with an oxygen molecule, it knocks out another electron from it, which, in turn, can also accelerate and knock out another one, etc. Thus In this way, a flow can be formed, an avalanche of electrons flying from the tip to the positive electrode. Positive oxygen ions that have lost their electrons are attracted to the negative electrode - the needle, are accelerated by the field and, colliding with the metal of the tip, can knock out additional electrons. Thus, two opposite avalanche-like processes arise, which, interacting with each other, form an electrical discharge in the air, which is called quiet.

This discharge is accompanied by a weak glow near the tip. This photoelectric effect occurs due to the fact that some atoms receive energy from collisions with electrons that is insufficient for ionization, but transfers the electrons of these atoms to higher orbits. Returning to a state of equilibrium, the atom emits excess energy in the form of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation - heat, light, ultraviolet radiation. Thus, a glow is formed at the tips of the needles, which can be observed in complete darkness. The glow intensifies with an increase in the flow of electrons and ions, for example, when you bring your hand to the tips of the needles at a short distance of 1-3 cm. At the same time, you can still feel this flow - the ion wind, in the form of a barely perceptible chill, breeze.

Requirements for the device according to GOST.

1) The number of negatively charged particles created by the ionizer (measured in 1 cm 3) - air ion concentration , is the main parameter of any ionizer. The values ​​of the standardized indicators of air ion concentrations and the unipolarity coefficient are given in the table (Table 2)

In order not to lose the benefit of using an air ionizer, you need to take into account that the indicator at a distance of 1 m must be no less than the natural concentration of charges in the air, i.e. 1000 ions/cm 3 .

Therefore, it is advisable to increase the concentration value from 5000 ions/cm 3 . The maximum value is selected depending on the time of use of this ionizer.

2) Voltage at the emitter (ionizing electrode). Unit of measurement - kV

For household air ionizers, the voltage indicator should be in the range of 20 - 30 kV. If the voltage is less than 20 kV, then using such an air ionizer does not make sense, since ions stably begin to form at a voltage of 20 kV. Using an ionizer with a voltage of more than 30 kV in an apartment can lead to spark discharges, which contribute to the formation of compounds harmful to the body, including ozone. Therefore, manufacturers’ statements that the voltage is reduced to 5 kV and ions are produced are not appropriate. Science has proven this. There are also bipolar ionizers that produce both positive and negative ions. Such devices will also not have any useful effect, since according to the laws of physics it is known that the negative is attracted to the positive, forming a neutral, that is, zero charge. Therefore, such a device will simply spin your counter for nothing, without generating anything.

Instructions for use.

The device is completely safe for humans, despite the high voltage supplied to the emitter, since the current output level is limited to a safe level. However, you should not touch the ionizer when it is on, as this will cause an unpleasant discharge of static electricity. A dangerous case is when a person touches a simultaneously operating device and a massive metal object (refrigerator, washing machine, safe, etc.).

The device can operate continuously 24 hours a day. It should be taken into account that the concentration of negative oxygen ions decreases with increasing distance from the emitter, as shown in the table. (Table 3)

Determining the ionization dose, A.L. Chizhevsky used the concept of “biological unit of aeroionization (BEA) - the amount of air ions inhaled by a person under natural conditions per day.” On average, a person receives 1 BEA per day at a concentration of negative oxygen ions (NOI) of 1 thousand/cm 3 . This dose is considered preventive and health-improving.

To obtain the number of air ions inhaled by a person under natural conditions per day - the biological unit of air ionization, it is enough to turn on the ionizer for the time indicated in line 3, depending on the distance from the device the person is located. In order to inhale the same amount of air ions that a person receives in 24 hours outside the city, for example in a forest, it is enough to turn on the device for 20 minutes (0.3 hours) per day, being at a distance of half a meter from the ionizer (first column of the table) , or for a time of 1 hour a day at a distance of 1 meter (third column of the table), etc.

A.L. Chizhevsky took 20 BEA per therapeutic dose. In the first procedures of aeroion therapy, small concentrations of inhaled air ions are used. The duration of the average course is 20-30 procedures performed daily, starting from 10 minutes and ending with 30 minutes. A repeat course should be carried out no earlier than after 2 months.

Emitter according to Chizhevsky.

The figure shows a diagram of the original artificial ionizer emitter that the scientist used.

Explanations for the picture, if for some reason someone cannot see it:

1 - rim of the electroeffluvial chandelier;2 - holder;3 - stretcher;3 - stretcher;4 - holder bar;5,7 - clamp;6 - outer clamp;8 - high-voltage insulator;9 - locking screw;10, 11 - screws ;12 - mounting to the ceiling.

The design proposed by Alexander Leonidovich resembled a chandelier. A frame made of a light metal rim was suspended from the ceiling, on insulators - a ring with a diameter of 1000 mm, which was made mainly from a brass tube or steel. A wire with a diameter of 0.25-0.3 mm was stretched on this rim, perpendicular to each other in increments of 45 mm. After tension, the structure formed a part of the sphere (mesh), protruding downward with a deflection arrow equal to 100 mm. At the points of intersection of the wire, steel pins 300 mm long are soldered in the amount of 372 pieces. The chandelier is suspended on a porcelain high-voltage insulator from the ceiling of the room and connected to a busbar with the negative pole of the high voltage source, the second pole is grounded.

Creation of the device.

Analyzing articles and diagrams that are freely available on the Internet, the following general shortcomings were identified:

1. the use of a high-voltage transformer TVS-110, which is quite large-scale and needs further development;
2. the use of a high-voltage multiplier, which is also quite bulky and needs to be modified by breaking the epoxy casing, which poses an additional difficulty;
3. the use of zener diodes and the use of high power dissipation resistors, which also affect the size of the power supply and its power consumption.
4. the absence of a voltage divider in the form of two resistors connected in series and connected in parallel at the power input of the high-voltage unit from the 220V electrical network. This voltage divider eliminates the need for the consumer to search for the neutral wire in a 220V socket, which Necessarily must be connected to the positive high-voltage wire coming from the transformer and connected to the emitter, thereby forming a grounding loop, which is a mandatory requirement for devices for this purpose. This is done in order to obtain a high-intensity electric field, which guarantees the correct operation of the ionizer.

It's no secret that old equipment is thrown out and replaced by new devices with both more advanced functions of use and more advanced “filling”. Old radioelements are replaced with new ones, which are not inferior in functionality, and even, on the contrary, superior to their ancestors; their sizes decrease - which entails a decrease in the size of the overall design of the device. For example, massive color televisions, which are based on a cathode ray tube (kinescope), were eventually replaced by new, more compact liquid crystal and plasma televisions.

Outdated equipment is thrown into a landfill, despite the fact that the internal components of these devices are of unique value.

Analyzing the circuits of high-voltage power supplies and their operating principle, it was revealed that the main component of all devices is a high-voltage transformer and a separate voltage multiplier from old black-and-white TVs. Such transformers and multipliers needed improvement and occupied a significant place in the design of the device. To follow the modern trend of compactness while maintaining all the functionality, the eye fell on more modern, but also outdated TVs and monitors with color cathode ray tubes from the late 90s - early 2000s.

Compared to older devices of this type, progress in the design of color devices has brought a lot of new things both in terms of functionality and in terms of dimensions. The most important hardware unit - the line transformer - was examined. This device is responsible for increasing the voltage by several tens of kV, without which thermionic emission cannot exist in a cathode ray tube.

Having disassembled several monitors of that generation, written off for recycling, a line transformer was removed, which was subjected to detailed study and analysis.

Transformer brand FBT FKG-15A006. In the design you can see a high-voltage massive wire that connects to the kinescope. Due to its dimensions, this line transformer is much more compact than transformers of previous generations (the photo shows a transformer already converted to work):

But in order, how things were done.

Before starting work, a diagram of this transformer was found:

Analysis of the circuit showed that in its structure the transformer contains two isolated windings. Powerful high-voltage diodes and a high-voltage capacitor were used as part of the high-voltage winding. What was unique was that this design contained important components: two primary windings, a high-voltage winding, which includes a high-voltage multiplier. And the compact housing in which the structure is placed is a big advantage over well-known circuits, where larger transformers and voltage multipliers were used separately.

1. Removing load voltages on the transformer windings.

For this experiment, the following were used: a sound generator with a sinusoidal pulse, a horizontal transformer, an oscilloscope for a rough estimate of the voltage on the windings and observing the type of signal, a millivoltmeter for taking accurate readings of the voltages of the windings.

The set parameters of the sound generator are: current shape - sine, frequency - 20 kHz, amplitude - 1 V.

The research results are presented in the table (Table 4):

It is also important to find the main characteristic of any transformer - the transformation ratio. The transformation coefficient is found by the formula:

Where U 2 is the voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer, U 1 is the voltage on the primary winding of the transformer. For this transformer, the transformation ratio was k = 30*10 3 /4 = 7.5*10 3. If the transformation ratio is greater than one, then such a transformer is considered a step-up transformer, which in fact it is.

2.Checking the power of high-voltage diodes.

In order to understand what diodes are used in the design and determine their load parameters, as well as determine their performance, the following research was done.

By shorting the positive high-voltage discharge wire to the ground loop, thereby turning the negative wire into a positive one, connecting a built-in high-voltage capacitor to it, the polarity of the transformer was changed. Then, having connected the now positive wire to a power source of about 100 V, and connecting an ammeter in series to the negative wire, we began to smoothly apply voltage to the power source. The diodes were triggered at a voltage of 38 V, which confirmed the following facts: 1) the diodes are operational; 2) diodes are powerful and such a diode assembly is suitable for further research.

Summing up the results of the experiment, an important discovery was made: for the further invention and operation of the ionizer prototype, it is possible to quite easily change the polarity of the high-voltage winding, which eliminates the need to damage the integrity of the transformer housing. This is another big advantage compared to using a voltage multiplier, where you had to break the epoxy resin housing, which is quite problematic, and manually change the polarity by desoldering the required wires.

Modernization of line transformer.

Thanks to the data obtained during the experiments, a work plan was outlined for the modernization of the fkg15a006 line transformer. The design provides two substring resistors, which were not needed for further work and were carefully removed by cutting with a diamond disc. The cut area was insulated and sealed with decorative plastic. Next, the high-voltage wire was shortened to the very base and connected to the minus of the transformer. The built-in high-voltage capacitor pin connects to pin 8, which is now positive. Excess contacts were removed and insulated. Epoxy resin, which is a good dielectric, acted as an insulator. After the resin had dried, the excess was removed mechanically.

The brilliant idea of ​​an engineer who was able to accommodate a rich internal set of elements and the presence of series-connected diodes in the secondary winding made it possible to easily make the necessary changes with the least amount of effort and money. What was a useless material to be thrown away due to obsolescence turned out to be a unique device in its structure. Therefore, before throwing away your old equipment, it is worth thinking about other possible areas of application for the components of this device. After all, a lot of interesting and useful things can be made from waste and scrap materials. This is exactly what this work shows.

Schematic diagrams for controlling a line transformer

To operate the transformer with maximum efficiency, the known circuits that are distributed on the Internet were not suitable. Moreover, after the analysis, obvious serious shortcomings were identified. Taking these disadvantages into account, three unique schemes, independent of each other and not previously seen on the Internet, were developed.

Circuit with two dinistors

Let's consider connecting a dinistor to an alternating power supply network via a diode bridge.

After a two-half-wave rectifier, a pulsating voltage appears, or otherwise called constant.

Full-wave rectification is interesting because the voltage starts at zero, reaches a maximum value and drops back to zero. In this case, when the voltage drops to zero, it means that no matter how the dinistor operates, it will always close.

Depending on the RC circuit, the charging process of the capacitor changes. You can select τ - the chain constant, which is equal to the product R*C, in such a way that the dynistor will open when the voltage on the capacitor reaches a value that will certainly exceed the opening voltage of the dynistor.

For proper operation of the dinistor, the opening voltage of the dinistor should be noted on the graph. Let's say U peak = 310V, and the opening voltage of the DB3 dinistor is 30 V.

The opening voltage can be achieved at different points on the graph: both from 30 V to the peak - 310 V, and beyond the peak limit, when the graph begins to decline and the half-cycle voltage tends to zero. Everything depends on the chain constant τ. But it is desirable that the opening voltage occurs at the peak of capacitor charging.

To set a certain τ, a constant-value capacitor is specified, since the resistor is easier to select. The half-cycle time can be easily found. Let's say one half-cycle is 10 ms. Then at the peak of the half-cycle τ will be 5 ms. Knowing the capacitance of the capacitor and the required value of the chain constant τ, which must be achieved for the earliest operation of the dinistor, you can find the required resistance from the previously known formula τ=R*C.

The higher the capacitor is charged, the greater its energy, which is transferred to the primary coil of the transformer. That is, the amount of energy is proportional to the square of the voltage across a given capacitor and is directly proportional to the capacitance of the capacitor. This way we can deliver higher energy to the coil and get higher voltage on the secondary winding.

Description of the circuit:

This circuit consists of a fuse, which was taken as a low-resistance resistor, a voltage divider consisting of two series-connected resistors connected to the power inputs of a 220 V network, a diode bridge, which is a full-wave rectifier, a timing chain R 3 and a capacitor C 1 , two KN102I dinistors, a diode connected in parallel and outputs to the transformer winding.

Principle of operation:

This circuit uses domestically produced KN102I dinistors. It is these dinistors, since they have no foreign analogues and can withstand currents of up to 10 A. We achieve an optimal constant circuit (τ = 2.8 ms), at which the capacitor is charged to the maximum voltage. Capacitor C 1 is charged along the circuit: plus of the diode bridge, resistor R 3, capacitor C 1, primary winding of the transformer, minus of the diode bridge. The use of two dinistors increases the charging voltage of the capacitor (up to 220V). At a given maximum capacitor charge voltage, the opening voltage of the dinistor is achieved. When the dinistor opens, the capacitor is discharged through the primary winding, resulting in an oscillatory process in the form of damped oscillations. An alternating damped voltage appears, which is transformed by a transformer. Only alternating voltage can be transformed, since the transformer is high-frequency (oscillation frequency 20 kHz). After transformation, the voltage is increased by a secondary high-voltage coil and rectified by a diode assembly, which is located in the housing of the line transformer.

Diode VD1 is a kind of filter that conducts only negative half-waves of all-frequency oscillations, thereby achieving both positive and negative oscillations in the circuit.

The performance of the circuit was 24,500 ions/cm 3 .

This circuit is almost identical to the previous one, with the exception of the thyristor, which is here replaced by one of the dinistors and the addition of a second timing chain R 3 and capacitor C 1, which serves to adjust the dinistor.

Description of the circuit:

The circuit consists of a fuse, which was taken as a resistor with low resistance, a voltage divider consisting of two series-connected resistors connected to the power inputs of a 220 V network, a diode bridge, which is a full-wave rectifier, two timing chains R 3, C 1 and R 4, C 2, one DB3 dinistor connected to the control electrode circuit of a thyristor, a thyristor, a parallel-connected diode and outputs to the transformer winding.

Principle of operation:

In the circuit, a dinistor is used to supply a pulse to the control electrode of the thyristor. Similar to the previous circuit, for a given dinistor the circuit constant τ 1 is calculated and adjusted so that the dinistor opens when the maximum charging current is reached on capacitor C 1. The actuator is a thyristor, which passes a much larger current through itself compared to two dinistors. A feature of this circuit is that the capacitor C 2 is charged first to the maximum value, which is set by the timing chain R 4 * C 2 . And after C 2, capacitor C 1 begins to charge. The thyristor will be closed until τ 1 of the timing chain R 3 *C 1 opens the dinistor, after the opening of which a pulse is sent to the control electrode of the thyristor to open the latter. This radio engineering solution was used so that capacitor C 2 could be charged to its full maximum, thereby maximizing its energy during discharge to the primary winding of the transformer. When C2 is discharged, an oscillatory circuit appears, similar to the previous circuit, thereby forming an oscillatory process that is transformed by a transformer.

To obtain positive and negative waves on the transformer, a diode VD3 is connected in parallel, which passes only one type of waves.

The performance of the circuit was 28,000 ions/cm 3 .

Transistor circuit

Description of the circuit:

This circuit allows you to transfer the operation of the line transformer from constant power, i.e. from batteries, thereby making the ionizer mobile. The current consumption is in the range of 100 - 200 mA, which is quite low, ensuring continuous operation on one battery for 1-2 months (depending on the capacity of the battery).

Principle of operation:

A standard transistor multivibrator is used as a master oscillator, which produces an oscillation frequency of about 20 kHz. The generation frequency is set by timing chains. In this scheme there are two of them: R 2, C 3 and R 3, C 2. The oscillation period of this multivibrator is equal to T=τ 1 +τ 2, where τ 1 = R 2* C 3, τ 2 = R 3* C 2. The multivibrator is symmetrical if τ 1 =τ 2. If you look at the output voltage oscillogram of any transistor collector, you will see a signal almost close to a rectangular one. But in reality it is not rectangular. This is explained by the fact that the multivibrator has two quasi-equilibrium states: in one of them, transistor VT1 is open by the base current and is in a saturation state, and transistor VT2 is closed (in a cutoff state). Each of these quasi-equilibrium states is unstable, since the negative potential at the base of the closed transistor VT1, as capacitor C3 is charged, tends to the positive potential of the power source Up (charging capacitor C2 is faster than discharging capacitor C3):

At the moment when this potential becomes positive, the state of quasi-equilibrium is violated, the closed transistor opens, the open one closes, and the multivibrator goes into a new state of quasi-equilibrium. Almost rectangular pulses Uout are formed at the output with a duty cycle N ≈2.

But in this circuit, the signal shape can be neglected, since further along the circuit there are transistor switches VT3 and VT4, which operate at a low voltage level. These transistors produce a signal shape that is close to rectangular. If the ratio of the period T to τ is equal to two, then this type of signal is called a meander. Current flows, if transistors VT3 and VT4 are open, from the plus of the power source, through the primary winding of the transformer, transistor VT4, minus the power source. But after the half-cycle, transistor VT2 closes, which means VT3 and VT4 instantly close. In this case, a sharp change in current occurs from the maximum value, which is determined by the voltage of the power source and the ohmic resistance of the primary winding of the line transformer, from several amperes to a certain minimum value. As a result of this phenomenon, an induced emf occurs in the winding. And the magnetic flux is directly proportional to the magnetizing force, that is, the current that flows through the transistor VT4, multiplied by the number of turns ω.. The speed of the magnetic flux determines the EMF, therefore, in this circuit design, high-speed transistors were used, that is, high-frequency transistors that are capable of very fast stop the current. The faster the transistor opens and closes, the faster the current in the circuit changes. Since a large EMF occurs on the primary winding, on the order of more than 100 V, high-voltage transistors were also used.

The performance of the circuit was 26,700 ions/cm 3 .

All circuits are assembled on a circuit board, since at the time of creation it was not possible to get hold of foil PCB. I'll add the PCB layout later.

Any uniformly smooth insulated metal of arbitrary shape can be used as a radiator. As they say, the taste and color of the comrade are different, and here the shape of the emitter can be arbitrary.

While there is no photo of the finished device, I want to add a remote control function and a countdown timer for the operation of the device for ease of use. All this will be placed in the body of the sconce, the emitter will be the floor lamp itself, while the main function of the sconce will be preserved - light, which will also be turned on via the control panel.

To summarize, I would like to note that the presented schemes differ from others known for their simplicity of implementation, but are more effective in operation; small, compact in size, with low power consumption, and most importantly, these circuits can be assembled by anyone who is comfortable with a soldering iron, since the parts are not in short supply, some are even thrown away (such as a line transformer).

May clean, fresh, healing air come to your home. But before use, consult your doctor.

Below is a video of the operation of a line transformer from two different circuits. Since it was not possible to measure the high-voltage voltage, an improvised voltmeter was taken to measure the voltage - a breakdown in the air. It is known that 1 cm of breakdown in air is equal to about 30 kV, which clearly shows the operation of a line transformer and that at a given voltage aeroions are generated.

Bibliography:

1. Chizhevsky A. L. Aeroionification in the national economy. - M.: Gosplanizdat, 1960 (2nd edition - Stroyizdat, 1989).
2. http://lustrachizhevsky.rf/LC/TPPN/Prin_rab.html
3. http://www.ion.moris.ru/Models/Palma/Primenenie/Palma_primenenie.html
4. http://studopedia.ru/2_73659_multivibratori.html

List of radioelements

Designation	Type	Denomination	Quantity	Note
	Circuit with two dinistors
VS1, VS2	Thyristor & Triac	KN102I	2
VD1	Diode bridge Bl2w10	1000 V. 2A	1
VD2	Rectifier diode	SF18	1
C1	Capacitor	470 pF	1
R1, R2	Resistor	36-50 kOhm	2
R3	Resistor	6-7.5 kOhm 2 W	1
	Line transformer	fkg-15a006	1
FU1	Fuse-resistor	47 Ohm	1
	Circuit based on a thyristor with a control electrode
VD1	Diode bridge		1
	Line transformer	fkg-15a006	1